8:30 7/10 adjective clauses

3 types of sentences:
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
adverb clauses
noun clauses
adjective clauses

adjective clauses
HIGH FREQUENCY WORDS
who - people, polite, respectful
that - things that are not alive, animals
which - things that are not alive, special things, unique (only one) thing

antique - old, over fifty year old

LOW FREQUENCY WORDS
whom
whose

who
My sister who is a nurse lives in Halifax.
Your brother who likes to play piano performed last week.
When we use an adj cl, we always have to say 
TWO things (v) about the subject of the sentence.
My sister 1.who is a nurse 2.lives in Halifax.
My sister who is a nurse has two dogs.
Her brother who is 2m tall plays rugby.
Her brother who is 2m tall is very gentle with people.
My neighbour who loves to sing karaoke on Saturday nights has a cute dog.
My neighbour who loves to sing karaoke on Saturday nights. frag, sentence fragment - common error

to be is are - characteristics of a person

that - adj cl
The pen that is on the table is yours.
I want to get a dog that has floppy ears.
She is all that. SIMPLE "all that" slang - really cool, great

The dog that has floppy ears I want to get. XXX
COMPLICATED STYLE The dog that has floppy ears is the one that I want to get. 2 adj cl
BASIC EASY STYLE I want to get a dog that has floppy ears.

that - noun clauses
I remember that I have to pick up my kids at 5.

which
Those balloons are for your birthday which is today.

Which day are you free? SIMPLE - interrogative, question
Is today the day that you are free? adj cl NOT AUTHENTIC
Are you free today? AUTHENTIC
Today is the day that my dog arrives from Iran.




Those balloons are for your birthday which are brightly-coloured. MISPLACED MODIFIER
Those balloons which are brightly-coloured are for your birthday.

I gave a table to my sister that has three wooden legs. MISPLACED MODIFIER
I gave a table that has three wooden legs to my sister. describing table, not sister 

Take the medicine that/which I put on the table.
Eat the special magic soup which I made for you.

that/ which - revealing you deeper feeling about the thing

GRAMMAR - structure
adj clauses
1. The woman who is by the tree is my sister. who - subject pronoun
2. The woman who you were talking to is my sister. who - object pronoun
CHOICES FOR AN OBJECT PRONOUN
The woman who you were talking to is my sister. 
The woman whom you were talking to is my sister. VERY UNUSUAL, VERY FORMAL Forget it!
The woman who you were talking to is my sister. 
The woman you were talking to is my sister. MOST AUTHENTIC - OMIT 'who'

LEVELS OF FORMALITY, POLITENESS, FANCINESS
The woman you were talking to is my sister.
The woman who you were talking to is my sister.
The woman whom you were talking to is my sister.
The woman to whom you were talking is my sister.
The woman to whom you were speaking is my sister. VERY FORMAL, LIKE Queen Elizabeth II talking

You have to pick your style.
It's me.
It is I.
It is he.

thee
thou
you