subject pronouns
object pronouns
-two ways to write adjective clauses
Victoria which is the capital of BC is a small quiet town. 'which' subject pronoun
Victoria where I am from is a small quiet town.
S+V 'where' object pronoun
The cat that I was playing with scratched me for no reason.
'that' object pronoun - can omit
The cat I was playing with scratched me for no reason. AUTHENTIC
The toy the boy wants is only $5. AUTHENTIC
The toy that the boy wants is only $5. EASIER TO FOLLOW
'that' 'who' 'which' can be omitted
The bus driver who I asked about the schedule was very helpful.
The bus driver whom I asked about the schedule was very helpful. TOO FORMAL
The bus driver that I asked about the schedule was very helpful. NOT THAT POLITE
The bus driver I asked about the schedule was very helpful. AUTHENTIC
whose = shows possession
Maria is a person whose friends always back her up/ support her.
I got your back. I have your back. - I support you.
I am so happy because I feel like you always have my back. I can count on you. I can rely on you.
trust, look to She looks to her mother for support.
'look + to' phrasal verb
look after- take care of, protect
Marie looks to her mother because her mother looks after her. Therefore, Marie looks up to her mother. Things are looking up for Marie.
phrasal verb -
whose
The boy whose bag I found on the table last night
The boy whose bag I found on the table last night thanked me.
The boy whose bag was found on the table last night thanked me.
The boy his bag I found on the table last night thanked me. XXX
A.
object pronoun
2. The chair that Sally inherited from her grandmother is an antique.
The chair which Sally inherited from her grandmother is an antique. sounds special to Sally
subject pronoun
2. Sally inherited a chair that is an antique from her grandmother.
MISPLACED MODIFIERS
Sally inherited a chair from her grandmother that is an antique. XXX
Sally inherited an antique from her grandmother that is a chair. XXX
B.
11. Your career should focus on a field in which you are genuinely interested. 'in' begin with a pronoun, very formal, which
The person to whom you were speaking is my cousin. VERY FORMAL
The person who you were speaking with is my cousin.
The person you were speaking with is my cousin.
field - area of study, area of work
He was an excellent farmer. He was outstanding in his field.
He was an excellent farmer.
He was out standing in his field.
play on words - pun
C.
10. I liked the woman who I met last night. COMPLEX- ADJ CL
I liked the woman. She met me at the party last night. 2 SIMPLES
I liked the woman who met me at the party last night. COMPLEX- ADJ CL
I liked the woman at the party last night who I met
Manipulating sentences like clay.
me - object
I - subject
I like Sarah.
Sarah doesn't like me
She eats ice cream.
Ice cream doesn't eat her.
he his
we us
they them
C.
2. The girl who won the race is happy.
The girl who is happy won the race.
STYLE
adj cl - less important
3. The student who is from China sits next to me.
The student who sits next to me is from China.
The student is from China who sits next to me. XXX
A.
6. The architect with whom Mario works is brilliant. TOO FORMAL
The architect who Mario works with is brilliant.
The architect Mario works with is brilliant.
The architect who Mario works with
Mario works with an architect who is brilliant.
3. The bench I sat on
The bench that I sat on was wet.
I sat on the bench that was wet.
I sat on a wet bench. SIMPLE
I sat on a bench; unfortunately, it was wet. COMPOUND
7. Mary tutors students who/that need extra help in geometry.
'that' sound a little impersonal
The students that/who Mary tutors need extra help in geometry.
The students Mary tutors need extra help in geometry.
Mary tutors students who they need extra help in geometry.
A. 4. The man that/who/OMIT I hired to paint my house finished the job in four days.
I hired the man to paint my house who finished the job in four days. MISPLACED
I hired the man who finished the job in four days to paint my house.
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