Thursday, 27 September 2018

Eng 10 Sentence combining

Sentence combining

William Strong

Books from basic to university level

Kai plays soccer.
He kicked the ball.
He scored a goal.

Kai plays soccer, and he kicked the ball and scored a goal.

-effective
-practical
-unlimited

Learn to write sentences that are:
-varied
-dense
-meaningful
-academic
-prestigious

Explain sentence combining process
Kernel
Exercises

NOTE:
Always your sentences should be simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.

Eng 10 Paragraph structure

Paragraphs

Grabber - funnel, anecdote, stat, history, idiom

Topic sentence - topic, controlling idea
Topic comes from the question/writing prompt.
Writing prompt: "Discuss how honesty was the best policy for Mr Wei."

1 support
2 examples
3 details
4
Every supporting point has to support the topic sentence.
Have to stay on topic.

Concluding sentence

Building strong paragraphs!!


Mr. Wei was right to admit his mistake.
Mr. Wei was right to own up to his mistake.

own up - admit

The little boy owned up to eating all the ice cream.


Why did Mr Wei confess to the class?






EF3/4 Sentence combining "French Fries"

Sentence combining

Take 3-4 short sentences.
Find the important words in each.
Write it all together in a single sentence.

She bought a car. KERNEL
The car is blue. What information is new?
The car is new.

She bought a car. blue new

SIMPLE She bought the new blue car.
COMPOUND She bought a new car, and it is blue.
COMPLEX She bought a new car which is blue.

FOR YOUR KIDS
Kai plays soccer.
Kai kicked the ball.
Kai scored a goal.


FRENCH FRIES
1. French fries are loaded into a basket. 
2. The French fries are white.

French fries are loaded into a basket, and the French fries are white. REP- low quality

The white French fries are loaded into a basket which is wire.
French fries which are white are loaded into a wire basket.

The basket is wire.

2. Then they are lowered slowly into oil.
slowly -adverb

3. Their hot bath crackles and foams.
Their bath which is hot crackles and foams.
Their bath which crackles and foams is hot.
Their hot bath (which crackles and foams). XXX

4. The thinly-sliced potatoes release a puff which is steam.
The thinly-sliced potatoes release a puff of steam.

cream puffs

5. They come out crispy brown and streaked with oil.


EF 3/4 Paragraph structure and process

Paragraph
"Why did you move to Canada?"

Topic sentence - topic, controlling idea
1. supporting ideas
2. examples
3. reasons
4. 
Concluding sentence


Sentences - simple, compound, complex
Remember sentences types - every sentence


Grammar -
verb tense
"I move to Canada in 2010."
"I moved to Canada in 2010."

verb form
"I was move to Canada in 2010."

subject verb agreement
"He have a good job."

spelling

punctuation
, . ;

capitals
"i moved to canada in 2010."


Reread before you pass it in.
Double-check.


STEPS
1. PLANNING 
2. WRITING


Paragraph
TS
-
-
-
CS

ESSAY 
4-5-6 paragraphs


Wednesday, 26 September 2018

Eng10 Using Quotations

Quote one or two words from a story. Incorporate the quoted material into out sentences.

"blindfolded" (265)

The wild birds were "blindfolded" (265) because their eyes were frozen shut.

Incorporated- part of your sentence,
The sentence has to be grammatical

The wild birds' eyes were frozen shut. "blindfolded" XXX

The wild birds' eyes were frozen shut: "blindfolded". XXX

Incorporate the quoted word(s) into out sentence.


"skating" (265)
Because the roads were frozen, the people were "skating" (265) when they were going to the pheasants.

Because the roads were frozen, the people were "skating"(265) when they were going to the pheasants.
REAL SENTENCE

"froze shut" (265)
Their eyes were "froze shut" (265)
Their eyes were "frozen shut" (265) XXX

Their eyes were "froze[n] shut" (265) 

[ ] square brackets

The boys "saw dark spots"(265) as they approached the birds. PAST TENSE

The boys "s[ee] dark spots"(265) as they approach the birds. PRESENT TENSE

[ ] powerful tool, be cautious

... ellipsis


"Some of them lifted their heads and turned them from side to side, but they were blindfolded with ice and didn't flush." (265)

The pheasants looked "from side to side, but they were blindfolded with ice and didn't flush" (265) because they were frozen.

The pheasants looked "from side to side, but ... didn't flush" (265) because they were frozen.

ellipsis ... words have been omitted

ellipsis - powerful tool



using quotations

Here are some key points to remember when using quotations:

1)   Incorporate quotations into your sentences.

2)   Keep quotations to a few words.  Quotations are like salt in food: a little bit gives flavour; too much ruins the dish.

3)   Use quoted material to support your points.

4)   Don’t use too many quotations.  Pick two or three quotations to support your brainstormed points and leave the rest.

5)   Make sure the quoted material is exactly as written in the story.  Use … and [] to make minor grammatical or stylistic changes.

6)   Avoid repeating quotations.

7)   After quoting material, go on to explain why the quotation is relevant.

8)   Avoid ending paragraphs with quotations.


Verbs "begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, hate, can't stand"

like / don't like
Mary likes ice cream.
Mary likes to play volleyball.
Mary likes playing volleyball.
like + infinitive "to play"
like + gerund "playing"

like / want  Different
I like to ride my bicycle.
I like riding my bicycle.
I want to ride my bicycle.
I want riding my bicycle. XXX

I would like to invite you to my house for supper.
would - modal - can, could, may, might, should

COMMON WAY TO ASK A QUESTION:
Would you mind...
Would you mind closing the door?
Would you mind sharing your ice cream with me?
"Would you mind driving the kids to soccer?"

I like to study English because I want to communicate with people.




begin / start
She began to study math last month.
She began studying Spanish last year.
Joe will start painting the house next month.
Leonardo DaVinci started to paint the Mona Lisa in 1503.

continue
Emily Carr continued to paint First Nations images for her whole life.
Emily Carr continued painting First Nations images for her whole life.
Will you continue to learn English for your whole life?
Will you continue learning English for your whole life?

prefer - choose
May prefers to stay home on Friday nights.
May prefers staying home on Friday nights.
May prefers staying home on Friday nights rather than going out.
May prefers staying home on Friday nights instead of going out.

rather than = instead of

What do you want to do tonight?
I would prefer to see a movie.
I would like to see a movie.

hate
Joe hates to be late.
Joe hates being late.
Therefore, he is always on time. He likes to be punctual.
I hate waiting for people.
She hate listening to her mother-in-law.

monster-in-law

I like talking with my mother-in-law.
like to talk with my mother-in-law.

hate -verb, noun
hatred - noun

Gloria hates dishonest people.
Gloria feels hatred for dishonest people.
Gloria feels hate for dishonest people.

forgive -

You will be heartbroken for a while, but you'll get over it.

can't stand - don't like
Fred can't stand watching football.
Sarah can't stand listening to heavy metal.


don't like ---- can't stand ----- hate

I can't stand listening to you talk.
I can't stand being stuck in the house all day.

She is housebound; she can't get out because of her illness.

Some seniors are housebound.


EF 3/4 The verb "want" + infinitive "to ZZZ"

want
want + infinitive - verb "to go"
"to sleep" "to eat" "to read"

I go to school. NOT AN INFINITIVE

Marie wants to go to Hawaii.

We want to find a good deal on the hotel.
We want to found a good deal on the hotel. XXX
We wanted to find a good deal on the hotel.

We found a good deal on the hotel.


want to zzz
The kid wants to play Fortnite.

I look forward to teaching you.
teaching - noun (gerund)

I want to teach you how to do this.

She doesn't want to talk to/with her sister.

talk to - telling
talk with - conversation, back and forth

Do you want to go out with me?
She doesn't want to go out with you, but she doesn't want to hurt your feelings.

Do you want to take a ten-minute break?

Tuesday, 25 September 2018

Eng10 Using quotation marks

Using quotation marks "  "   '    '

1. Titles of books

I am reading Impact.
italics
We are using Writing to Communicate as our writing book.
We are using Writing to Communicate as our writing book.
I am reading "I Confess".

2. Reported speech
direct speech Maria said, "Come over at six for the party."
indirect speech Maria told us to come over at six.

Impact p176

3. To show irony- finger quotes

4. To incorporate material from a text into our own writing.
Citation. Quoting.
Proof or evidence for our supporting sentences.

The boys did not harm the "huddled" (265) birds.
The boys did not harm the "helpless" (266) birds.

They covered all the helpless pheasants. PLAGIARISM

Quote just a couple of words -1,2,3 words

Quote special words from the story. Use your judgement.

Eng10 Latin abbreviations

e.g.- for example
examplis gratia 

i.e. - that is
id est

etc. and so on
et cetera

She likes dogs, cats, fish, etc.

She likes dogs, cats, fish ...... XXX NOT ENGLISH

a.m. morning, before lunch
ante meridian

anteroom - mudroom
antre -Turkish
enter
entrance

p.m. afternoon, after lunch
post meridian



Eng10 Transitional Terms

Transitional Terms

Transitional words and phrases help paragraphs read more smoothly by improving the connections between supporting sentences.
MODEL: Use a period or semicolon between the sentences and a comma after the transitional term.
For example: Richmond is an exciting city to live in; in particular, its Asian influence makes for a very multicultural environment.

HERE ARE A MILLION FOR YOU TO USE:

Addition
also, again, besides, furthermore, in addition, likewise, moreover

Consequence
accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, for this purpose, hence, otherwise, subsequently, therefore, thus

Generalizing
as a rule, as usual, for the most part, generally, generally speaking, ordinarily, usually

Exemplifying
chiefly, especially, for instance, in particular, namely, particularly, specifically, for one thing, as an illustration, as an example,for example

Emphasis
above all, chiefly, especially, particularly, in particular, singularly, moreover, most importantly

Similarity
comparatively, correspondingly, identically, likewise, similarly, by the same token,still, nevertheless,

Contrast
conversely, instead, on one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, rather, however, in contrast

Sequence
at first, first of all, to begin with, in the first place, at the same time, for now, for the time being, in time, in turn, later on, next, then, soon, later, earlier, simultaneously, afterward,finally

Restatement
in essence, in other words, namely, that is, that is to say, to put it differently

Summarizing
after all, all in all, all things considered, briefly, by and large, in any case, in any event, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, in short, in summary, in the final analysis, in the long run, on balance, to sum up, to summarize, in a nutshell

Eng 10 Effective topic sentences for paragraphs

Grabbers - 
Topic sentence - topic, controlling idea
Get the topic from the question.
Controlling idea - your focus - very powerful tool, pivot- your direction

Everyone's paragraph is different.


Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, 1911 NYC



The Power of a Topic Sentence - topic, controlling idea


Concluding sentence- restates the topic sentence

topic, controlling idea - using different word 
vocabulary!!
synonyms - thesaurus.com

EF3/4 Paragraph work

Topic sentence
- points
- examples
- explanations
-
-
Concluding sentence


HOMEWORK
1. What is your favourite season?
2. Why do you study English?


THINGS TO REMEMBER
1. Write in black or blue pen.
2. Doublespace.
3. Indent the first sentence. On computer, use the TAB key.
4. Follow the margins.


Sentences- simple, compound, complex


EF34 Review of sentence styles Ex.36

Don't move; there is a snake by your foot.
COMPOUND
Don't move; unfortunately, there is a snake by your foot.

There is a snake by your foot; therefore, don't move.
There is a snake by your foot; definitely, don't move.


Sentence combining

There is a snake by your foot, so don't move.
COMPOUND
Don't move because there is a snake by your foot.
COMPLEX

Every sentence should be SIMPLE, COMPOUND, or COMPLEX.

6. Omar enjoys spring more than winter. SIMPLE
Omar enjoys spring more than he enjoys winter. COMPLEX

The whole point of the grammar and sentences is for you to have choice.
Choices!!


Monday, 24 September 2018

Eng10 First Nations elders


Resource compiled by Dr. Nicole Bell:https://www.ictinc.ca/blog/aboriginal-elder-definition

Elders are very important members of First Nation, Métis, and Inuit communities.  The term Elder refers to someone who has attained a high degree of understanding of First Nation, Métis, or Inuit history, traditional teachings, ceremonies, and healing practices.  Elders have earned the right to pass this knowledge on to others and to give advice and guidance on personal issues, as well as on issues affecting their communities and nations.  First Nation, Métis, and Inuit peoples value their Elders and all older people, and address them with the utmost respect.
Whenever traditional feasts are held in First Nation, Métis, and Inuit communities, the Elders and older people are often asked to offer prayers to bless the events or to do the opening or closing ceremonies.  They are also served first and they never have to wait in line or are left standing if chairs are unavailable. 

Eng 10 Grabbers


Grabbers    - optional attention-getting device for writing
- for essays, for paragraphs
- grabs the reader’s attention, makes them pay attention

          Some example of grabbers
                                                             i.      -general to specific statement
say something big, then narrow it down
funnel  \   /
               ||

    Empathy is a very normal and healthy emotion for all humans to feel toward other living creatures. The boys didn’t kill the pheasants because they too felt empathy for the helpless birds.

                                                           ii.      -short anecdote
short personal story
personalizes, first person
    I grew up next to a farm, and I know that killing animals is not easy even though it is necessary. So too, the boys couldn’t …
  
                                                        iii.      -historical reference
    Humans have been farming for many thousands of years, and harvesting animals is part of farming. However, the boys couldn’t…

                                                        iv.      -fact or statistic
80%, four out of five
   Living creatures cannot survive for more than a few hours if their core temperature drops and they become hypothermic. TOPIC SENTENCE

                                                           v.      -question (answered by thesis statement)
Have you ever clubbed a bird?
Have you ever gone hunting? For some people, it is not easy to kill an animal. TS

                                                        vi.      -relevant quotation by famous person
Barack Obama once said, “Never club a frozen pheasant.”
     My mother said, “Never eat a chicken because we don’t want to kill them.”
     Buddha said, “Life is suffering. We must empathy for all living creature.”

Books of quotations.

                                                      vii.      -relevant idiom from any language
-don’t translate well, have a lot of meaning
     In English we call someone who is afraid to do something, a “chicken”. However, the boys didn’t act out of fear, but of empathy.



Eng10 Paragraph process


Writing a Good Paragraph

Focus on academic writing, not creative, not business

How to write a good answer in a school class

Writing well is big challenge. Good writing is very difficult.
It comes with lots of practice over months, years.

No replacement for hard practice- with concentration and focus.


PROCESS – What to do?

Why did the boys not harvest the pheasants?

PREWRITING- Plan
1. Analyze the topic – Read it carefully, each word

2. Generate some ideas
 3-4 ideas is enough

3. Organize TIME SPACE IMPORTANCE


WRITING- sentences
4. Rough copy

Topic sentence that addresses the topic.

Why did the boys not harvest the pheasants?

Topic sentence – address that in the first sentence usually.
LINKED to the question/writing prompt
HINT: Use some of the vocab in the writing prompt.

Why didn’t the boys harvest the pheasants?

SIMPLE TOPIC SENTENCES: The boys did not harvest the pheasants for three reasons.
MORE SOPHISTICATED: The boys did not harvest the pheasants because they felt empathy for them.

PLOT SUMMARY
It was a bad storm. There was lots of rain. The boys went out to get the birds. XXX


GOOD BASIC TOPIC SENTENCE: The boys didn’t harvest the pheasants for several reasons.


HINT: Use synonyms for the important words

didn’t – unable, couldn’t, never, refused, miss, fail?
boys – males, lads, guys, little men, teens
harvest – hunt, collect, kill, take, gather, catch, prey on
pheasants – birds, animals, wild birds, game birds


HIGHER LEVEL TOPIC SENTENCE: The young boys were unable to kill the wild birds because they felt empathy for them.


3-4 points
1.
2.
3.

ORGANIZATION!!

TIME, SPACE, IMPORTANCE



Sentences!! Sentences are first priority.
Really struggling with sentences.
Every sentence has to be SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX
DAILY PRACTICE!

4. Edit, fix up grammar, vt, vf, sp, punc

FORMAT
Topic sentence
point
points
points
Concluding sentence

-double-space
-indent
-pen
-margins

EF3/4 Paragraphs

Paragraphs - several sentences on one topic
5-8 sentences, short paragraphs, long paragraphs

First sentence - Topic sentence - topic, what the paragraph is about, what we want to say about it
Helps the reader know what will be in the paragraph

TOPIC Vancouver

BORING I like Vancouver.
MORE INTERESTING I like living in Vancouver for three reasons.

TOPIC SENTENCES
Vancouver is a very expensive city to live in. 
Vancouver is a very beautiful city.
Vancouver has a lot of different types of restaurants.
Vancouver is great place to live if you like the outdoors.
Vancouver is a very boring city.


BODY SENTENCES - example, reasons to support the TOPIC SENTENCE

Vancouver is great place to live if you like the outdoors.
1. hiking First, there are lots of good hiking trails in the city or in the mountains which are close.
2. fishing 
3. swimming
4. skiing
5. cycling

TOPIC SENTENCE: Vancouver is a very expensive city to live in.

BODY - most important one last
1. basics - food and clothing
2. taxes 
3. housing 

Concluding sentence - restates the TOPIC SENTENCE, same information, different words


   Vancouver is a very expensive city to live in. First, basics such as food and clothing are very pricey compared to my home country. Second, we pay a lot tax in Vancouver, such as income tax, property tax, and sales tax. Most important, housing is extremely expensive in the city. Most people cannot afford a house. For these reasons, Vancouver is a very expensive place to live.

TOPIC SENTENCE
1-
2-
3-
4-
CONCLUDING SENTENCE


PRACTICE (choose one):
Why do you study English?
What is your favourite season?


First draft - first copy
Rough ideas
Rough sentences

Rewrite sentences - edit, proofread
Errors from Correction Codes - vt, vf, sp, punc, agr

Second draft will be better.
Third draft will be better.
How much time do you want to spend on the paragraph?

EF3/4 adjective clauses

adjective clauses

who that which

who - people
that- everything
which - things

1. friend who
My friend who lives on Cambie Street. XXX
sentence fragment - frag

My friend who lives on Cambie Street owns a clothing store.

Samira likes to play soccer who is my best friend.
XXX

Samira who is my best friend likes to play soccer.

The coat that was on sale I bought it. XXX
I bought the coat that was on sale.

The girl who lives next door I like her. XXX TRANSLATION
I like her the girl who lives next door. ENGLISH

I bought a bag that price was inexpensive. XXX
I bought a bag that was inexpensive.
I bought a bag that had an inexpensive price. UNUSUAL

My coat is the colour green. XXX
My coat is the colour green. 
The sky is blue.

The store that is on sale is busy today. XXX
The store that is having a sale is busy today.
The Gap which is having a big sale on childrens' clothes is close to my house.

adjective clauses


SENTENCES
simple
compound
complex 
   - adverb clauses
   - adjective clauses (harder?)
   - noun clauses

All sentences in English - simple, compound, complex










Thursday, 20 September 2018

Eng10 Paragraph

Structure of a paragraph

Topic sentence - topic, controlling idea, predictor

Supporting points, example, explanations

1. Point
subpoint

2. Point
subpoint

3. Point
subpoint

4. Point
subpoint
subpoint
subpoint

Concluding sentence - restate topic, controlling idea, summarizes


Balanced

Put the most important point last



       hhfhfhf fjfjjf fjfjfj f jfj f jfjfjf fjfjfjf djd  
beautiful



I can't believe it!!!!!!!!!!! Lol!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Eng10 Quiz review

Confusion whose /who is who's
Different   whose who's

' apostrophe

friend whose
I have a friend whose brother is a rock star.

who's = who is
whose = possessive, you own something

6. sale OMIT PRONOUN
object pronoun

sale - noun verb
He sale the car. XXX
He put the car that he has had for 10 years up for sale. object pronoun 

He put the car he has had for 10 years up for sale.

The store is having a sale on sweaters that nobody likes.

object pronoun - focus on this?

The computer which I bought from the Apple store stopped working this morning.

The runner kept going even though she was tired.

The Nike store will be on sale. XXX
The Nike store will be having a sale.
All men's runners will be on sale.

I have a friend whose sister is an officer.

We like to go shopping in the outlet malls which are very cheap.

Army Navy, which is on Hastings Street, has lots of good deals.



EF3/4 noun clauses

noun clauses

verbs - feel, think, say, believe, understand, know

that, why, how

She feels that he is telling the truth.
He thinks that the phone is too expensive.

A. 1. Who is she? I don't know who she is.
2. Who are they? I don't know who are they. XXX
Who are they? I don't know who they are.
3. What is that? Do you know what that is?
4. What are those? I don't know what those are.
5. Whose book is that? I don't know whose book that is.
I don't know whose that book is.
6. Whose books are those? I don't know whose books are those. XXX SV
I don't know whose books those are.
I don't know what those books are.
7. What is a wrench? Do you know what a wrench is?
8. Who is that woman? I wonder who that woman is.
9. Whose house is that? I wonder whose house that is.
10. What is a clause? Don't you know what a clause is?
I don't know what a clause is.
11. What is in that drawer? I don't know what is in that drawer.
12. What is on TV tonight? I wonder what is on TV tonight.
I wonder what's on TV tonight.
I wonder what on TV is. XXX
13. Whose glasses are those? Could you tell me whose glasses those are?
14. Who am I? He doesn't know who I am.
15. What's at the end of the rainbow? The little girl wants to know what is at the end of the rainbow.

Quiz
1. think park
She thinks that she lost her phone in the park.
2. believe tell
I don't believe that he is telling the truth.
3.
4.
5.
6.


Picture vocabulary book (for kids):
https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/starters-word-list-picture-book.pdf


Wednesday, 19 September 2018

Eng 10 appositives

appositives


My sister, Kathy, is a nurse.

Eng10 Sentence review

Write down your name before beginning the test. SIMPLE
Write down your name before you begin the test. COMPLEX

I was upset that you forgot our anniversary. noun clause

I found the key that you lost. adj cl

The poem was simple but deep. SIMPLE
The poem was simple, but it was deep. COMPOUND


The poem that you read was simple, but it was deep. CC - very high-level writing
She likes tea, but she hates coffee because it is bitter. CC



September - 9 7
October -10 8
November - 11 9
December -12 10


A. All people who are born in Canada are Canadian citizensTrue.

B. All people, who are born in Canada, are Canadian citizensFalse.


essential and non-essential clauses
restrictive and non-restrictive clauses

,adj cl,

A. My mother who is retired plays mah-jong.
B. My mother, who is retired, plays mah-jong.

, who is retired, Extra information, but not essential

A. Her sister who is a nurse plays volleyball.
B. Her sister, who is a nurse, plays volleyball.

A. How many sisters does she have? 2 sisters
B. How many sister does she have? 1 sister

The million-dollar comma. Rogers

Eng 10 Advice for reading

Advice for reading:

1. Read the whole story in one sitting. Defend the time that you need to read the whole story.
2. Focus on the task. Clear your mind of anything but the reading material.
3. Clear away distractions (e.g. TV, cell phone, internet, music)
4. Find a quiet place. Consider using ear plugs.




EF34 thesaurus.com dictionary.com

Relevance
A-Z
Length
+

Synonyms for believe

verb trust, rely on