English 7 /10/ 11 Sentence styles

clause - collection of words with a subject and a verb

S+V = Important!!!

fragment

clause - independent clause, dependent clause

independent clause = simple sentence
"He liked to play soccer."

dependent clause = needs help, needs a independent clause
"When he was young."

"He liked to play soccer." + "When he was young."

"He liked to play soccer when he was young."
"When he was young, he liked to play soccer."

English - combining clauses!!!

Three types of sentences:

SIMPLE WAE p164

SV

Maria likes ice cream.

powerful -

SS V

John and Mary go for a walk.

S VV

May plays soccer and swims.

Imperative - command sentence

"Come in. Sit down."

"Brush your teeth."

COMPOUND

SV SV

Joan likes tea. Mike likes coffee.

Joan likes tea ,XXX Mike likes coffee.

XXX FANBOYS for and nor but or yet so

Joan likes tea, but Mike likes coffee.

***

Joan likes tea, but she hates coffee. COMPOUND

Joan likes tea but hates coffee. SIMPLE

***

FANBOYS for and nor but or yet so BIG LIE!

"Joe is wearing a sweater, for it is cold today."

"Joe is wearing a sweater becuase it is cold today."

COMPLEX

"She doesn't speak French, nor does she speak German."

"She doesn't speak French or German." MORE AUTHENTIC

"It is sunny, yet it is cold."

"It is sunny, but it is cold." MOST AUTHENTIC

Weird

SOBA so or but and

HIGH FREQUENCY - most commonly used words

"Have you finished, yet?"

SV, yet SV.

SV ; SV.

; = semicolon

"Poh-poh is from China, but now she lives in Canada."

"Poh-poh is from China; now she lives in Canada."

"Poh-poh is from China; however, now she lives in Canada."

"She likes tea. I like coffee."

"She likes tea; I like coffee."

"She likes tea; however, I like coffee."

"She likes tea; therefore, I like coffee."

"She drinks tea; likewise, I drink coffee."

COMPLEX WAE p172

ADVERB CLAUSE WAE WAE pp292-4

HIGH FREQUENCY if when because

as, just as

"As I walked in, the phone rang."

"Just as I walked in, the phone rang."

as long as = serious "if"

You can study at UBC as long as you have good marks.

You can study at UBC if you have good marks.

since - time, reason

"Jack has lived in Richmond since he moved here in 2008."

"Marie is very busy since/because she has two jobs."

when/while

"While she was cooking, he was reading."

"When the phone rang, he was reading."

"While the phone rang, he was reading." Strange

 though / although / even though

as if

"She spends money as if she were a millionaire."

were- subjunctive mood, dreaming, fantasy

"If I were 6' 8", I would play for the Celtics."

"If I were you, I would....." "You should ..."

giving advice

so that

"Joe is going to the gym every day so that he will have a six-pack for the summer."

in order that

"Joe is going to the gym every day in order that he will have a six-pack for the summer."

"Joe is going to the gym every day in order to have a six-pack for the summer." AUTHENTIC

"I am studying English 12 so that I can go to VCC."

"I am studying English 12 in order to go to VCC."

so that

so ... that

"I was so tired that I couldn't walk home."

"Jook Liang was so eager to impress Wong Back that she insisted on Poh-poh tying fancy red ribbons on her dance shoes."

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES WAE Ch14 pp230- 

adjective- describe nouns

age - new old two-years-old

colour - light pink, sky blue, neon green

size - small big large huge gigantic microscopic
enormous

material - wooden metal plastic dirt brick concrete
silver gold crystal granite

origin - Japanese Swedish Dutch Italian Greek Irish Mexican

"a beautiful Japanese tea cup"

"She has a beautiful Japanese tea cup."

tea cup   Spanish cup tea

adjective clause - that who which

whom where whose


"She has a beautiful Japanese tea cup."

"Her grandmother gave it to her."

"She has a beautiful Japanese tea cup, and her grandmother gave it to her." COMPOUND

"She has a beautiful Japanese tea cup that her grandmother gave it to her." COMPLEX- ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

"She has a beautiful Japanese tea cup that her grandmother gave to her."

"She has a beautiful Japanese tea cup her grandmother gave to her."
"She has a beautiful Japanese tea cup which her grandmother gave to her."

"I was talking to a girl who is my neighbour."
who - subject pronoun

I was talking to a girl who my neighbour knows.
who - object pronoun - can delete it
I was talking to a girl my neighbour knows. VERY AUTHENTIC


"The patient the doctor saw was very upset."
"The patient that the doctor saw was very upset."
"The patient which the doctor saw was very upset." XXX


which - used for a unique thing, only one
"The pencil that is on the table is mine."
"Her car which is a Subaru is parked on Main Street."
"Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a huge metropolis."

"The red light is blinking which means the engine is hot."
"The red light is blinking. That means the engine is hot."

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES- 
who that which HIGH FREQUENCY

whom- for object pronouns

"The man whom I met last night is an actor." VERY UNUSUAL
"The man who I met last night is an actor." MORE COMMON
"The man I met last night is an actor." MOST COMMON

whom - one special usage
"To whom it may concern,"
Use when you are writing a letter, but you don't know who will be reading it.

who which that MOST COMMON- HIGH FREQUENCY





NOUN CLAUSES