EF2/3 Modals

modals -

one-word modals
can
could
may
might
must
should
will
would

shall - very unusual, formal
polite invitation "Shall we...?" "Shall we begin?"
"Shall we leave?" "Shall we continue?" "Let's take our ten-minute break, shall we?"

two-word modals
had better - should
have to - must
ought to - should
used to - happened in the past
"She used to play soccer before she moved to Vancouver."
"I used to live in Calgary, but now I live in Richmond."

three-word modals
be able to - can
"She can play piano very well."
"She is able to play piano very well."

be going to- will Very confusing. 

be supposed to -  your responsibility, your obligation, a weak must/a strong should
"You were supposed to wash the dishes last night. Why didn't you?"
"I am supposed to meet with Joe later today."

have got to - very strong must
"You have got to quit smoking."
"You have got to speak English, or you won't learn it."



must not = mustn't
can not = can't = cannot

can't - ' apostrophe

TOO HARD CHALLENGING?
"You may have to repeat the class next year."
"Are you going to Joe's party?"
"I don't know. I might have to work that night."
"I might have to cancel the party."
"We might have to change classrooms."

sunscreen sunblock 20? 30? 60?
sunbathing
tanning booth


"He had a stroke. He had an aneurysm. The wall of his artery was thin and burst."

artery - big blood vessel
vein - smaller blood vessel


VERY POLITE
"I'm afraid I can't ..."
"I'm afraid I can't come to your party."
"I'm afraid I won't be able to drive you to the airport."
"I'm afraid I will be absent tomorrow."

DOESN'T MEAN AFRAID- IT MEANS 'SORRY'


Meaning

Grammar-

subject + modal + verb (infinitive -'to')

She + might + to go 
"She might go to the party."

"He can speak English."
to speak - infinitive -'to'
speak

"He can to speak English." XXX
"She could help you."
"She could to help you." XXX
"She could be there."
"She could to be there." XXX
"Joe may be late today."
"Joe may to be late today." XXX
"Maria will pick up her kids at 3PM."
"Maria will to pick up her kids at 3PM." XXX
"Maria will drop off her kids at school at 8:30AM."
"Maria will to drop off her kids at school at 8:30AM." XXX