***
modals, modal auxiliaries
can
could
should
might
must
will
would
should
may
subject
+ modal + simple for of verb
She
+ can + speak + English well.
He
I
We
You
She
could speak English.
I
must eat more healthy food.
I must
ate had to eat more healthy food.
***verb
tenses
simple progressive perfect
present YES YES YES
past YES YES NO
future YES NO NO
vf-
verb form
I am
be living live in Richmond.
I am
live am living in Vancouver.
***causative
verbs
help
ask
invite
allow
ask
The
teacher tells the students to do their homework.
I
ask you to pick me up at the airport.
He
allows his son to play Xbox.
She
invites her sister to come for supper.
We
help our friends to settle in Canada.
let-
does not translate well
Canada
lets my son have a good education.
I
let my daughter play with my phone.
***active/passive
voice
PASSIVE
VOICE
The
socks were lost. lose lost lost- participle
ACTIVE
VERB
My
son lost his socks.
***fragments,
sentence fragments
When
she calls.
When
she calls, he will answer the phone.
***run
ons
She
called him he answered the phone.
She
called him. He answered the phone.
She
called him, so he answered the phone.
He
answered the phone when she called him.
***paragraphs
descriptive,
narrative, process, persuasive
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