simple
compound
clause=
s+v
The
sandwich is delicious.
main
clause, independent clause, simple sentence
Because
the sandwich is delicious.
subordinate
clause, dependent clause, sentence fragment
multiple
clauses within a sentence
sentences
with two or three clauses
Coordination-
compound sentences
FANBOYS
SOBA
;
;
therefore,
;
on the other hand,
He
likes dogs. She likes cats. SIMPLE
He
likes dogs, but she likes cats. COMPOUND
He
likes dogs; she likes cats. COMPOUND
He
likes dogs; however, she likes cats. COMPOUND
He
likes dogs. However, she likes cats. SIMPLE
Thursday
Subordination-
complex sentences
main
clause + subordinate clause
independent
clause + dependent clause
independent
clause (main clause) = s+v, complete idea
dependent
clauase (subordinate clause) = s+v, not complete idea
-adverb clause
-adjective clause
-noun clause
***adverb
clause- modifies a verb
adverb
“ly”word He loves
her completely.
She talks slowly.
He plays tennis well.
The bus moves slowly.
adverb
clause
because He plays
tennis well, (because he practices
every day).
why
when She talks
slowly (when she is talking to her elderly mother).
when
if She talks slowly (if the children don’t seem to understand).
in what situation
He
plays tennis well because of his hard
work.
because he works hard.
time -
when, while, whenever, before, after, until
place -
where, wherever
degree -
than, as ____ as _______
reason,
purpose or cause - because, since
condition -
if, unless
concession -
although, even though, though (informal)
She
is going to the park (even though it is raining).
I
am going to watch the movie (even though my husband doesn’t want to).
He
likes her (although she doesn’t like him).
It
is raining, but she is still going to the park. COMPOUND
He
can play basketball as well as you can.
She
can skate as fast/quickly as Wayne Gretzky.
We
can write (as well as you (can)).
He
speaks as well as I/me (do).
Call
me (as soon as you possibly can).
***Adjective
clauses- that, who, which
adjective-
describes a noun
The
big white cat (that is asleep on the bed) is very cute.
The
waterbottle (which/that is on the table) is mine.
Beijing
which is the capital of China is a nice city.
(subject
pronoun + verb) that is asleep on
the bed
(object
pronoun + verb) that I got from the SPCA
The
big white cat (that I got from the SPCA) is very cute.
The
waterbottle I left on the table is mine.
The
car that I bought is nice.
whom
–object pronoun, unusually formal, stiff, unnatural
Not
important.
David
(who is a character in the novel) is a brave boy.
David
is a brave boy (whom I read about).
David
is a brave boy (I read about).
David
is a brave boy about whom I read.
The
boy to whom I was speaking is very polite.
The
boy I was talking to is very polite.
To
whom it may concern,
whose
The
boy (whose bicycle was stolen) was sad.
The
man (who was driving a truck) saw a cat.
The
man saw a cat (who was driving a truck).
I
gave a table to my sister that has three legs.
misplaced
modifier
I
gave a table that has three legs to my sister.
***noun
clauses
noun=
thing, person, place, idea (concept)
that
I
know English.
I
know (that you speak English).
know,
think, feel, believe, guess
She
thinks (that he is a nice guy).
He
thinks that she is right.
I
think that it will rain later.
My
son believes that there are monsters in his closet.
I
think that they are under the bed.
why
I
don’t know why she is late.
what
He
didn’t know what he should say to her.
whatever
You
can have whatever you want.
I
will have whatever you are having.
how
I
don’t know (how I can improve my English).
I
don’t know how to improve my English.
Whatever
you want
is OK with me.
SIMPLE,
COMPOUND, COMPLEX
VARIETY
Monday-
verb forms
verb
tenses
I am
going to school.
He
will go to school.
s+v
I will
go to school.
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