Verbs
VERB
TENSES, VERB FORM
|
|
simple
|
perfect
|
progressive
|
perf
prog
|
|
present
|
habitual
action, everyday, all the time
|
starts
in past, goes to now
|
auxiliary+ing
continuous
action, ongoing
|
starts
in past, goes to now, continuous
|
|
past
|
one
event finished
|
started in past, ended in past
|
continuous
action in past
|
started in past, ended in past, continuous
|
|
future
|
one
event to come
|
starts in future, ends in future
|
continuous
action to come
|
starts in future, ends in future, continuous
|
High
Frequency
simple
present- I drink coffee.
simple
past- I watched a movie last night.
simple
future- I will play piano later. “will” modal auxiliary
present
perfect- I have lived in Vancouver since 1990.
present
progressive- She is walking down the street.
past
progressive- She was walking down the street.
future
progressive- She will be walking down the street.
present
perfect progressive- He has been studying English for 10 years.
Low
Frequency
past
perfect- I had lived in Japan from 1988-1990.
usually use simple past with time
indicator
I lived in Japan from
1988-1990.
future
perfect-I will have lived in Vancouver for 50 years by the time I retire.
past
perfect continuous- She had been living in New York for 15 years.
future
perfect continuous- She will have been living in New York for 15 years by 2020.
VERB
FORMS -MODALS
Modal
auxiliaries
Modal Meaning Example
can to
express ability I can speak English very well.
can to
request permission Can I go to Foundations 4?
could to express ability I could help you tomorrow.
could to express possibility She could be an Olympian.
may to
express possibility I may be late for class.
may to
request permission May I take the test again, please?
might to express possibility She might call you later.
must to
express obligation I must leave at 4 o’clock.
must to express strong belief You must be kidding!
should to give advice You
should go to the doctor.
will to show future I will not drive my car
today.
would to request or offer Would
you prefer a tea or coffee?
would subjunctive mood- imagined situation
in if-sentences If
I were you, I would complain.
subject modal simple
form (infinitive – “to”)
He might to
go.
I
might go to the park.
You
might go to the park.
We
might go to the park.
I go
You
go
He
goes
“will”-
tense, modal
had
better “I had better go.” -should
have
to “I have to go.” -must
ought
to “I ought to go.” -should
used
to “I used to play pool.” -
be
able to -can
be
going to -will
be
supposed to -should
have
got to. -must
need
to
David
had to run away from Waknuk because the people were chasing him.
PHRASAL
VERBS
verb+preposition-
talk
to
talk
with
talk
over
talk
under
talk
behind somebody’s back
look
at
look
to
look
for
look
after
look
up to
look
down on
look
forward
look
forward to
prepositions-
idiomatic, meaning exists in culture, usage
VERBS
WITH INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS
infinitive
“to ski”
gerund
“skiing” (noun)
like I like skiing. He doesn’t like skiing.
I like to ski. Last year, I didn’t like to ski. She doesn’t like to ski.
begin He
began to talk.
He
began talking.
start
continue She
continues to wait.
She
continues waiting.
love
prefer I prefer
to go by bus.
I
prefer going by bus.
can’t stand
hate
CAUSATIVE
VERBS
causation,
cause other verbs to act
help
She
helps her son to study his math.
He
helps her to paint the living room.
force
I
force my son to brush his teeth.
FIRST
WAY
help,
allow, invite, require, motivate, get, convince, hire, assist, encourage,
permit, employ, force, compel, invite, ask
subject
+ causative verb + object + infinitive
I
allow my daughter to play Xbox.
SECOND
WAY
help,
have, make, let
subject
+ causative verb + object + infinitive- “to”
I
let my daughter play Xbox.
I
help her to clean the carpet.
I
help her clean the carpet.
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