EF56 Class 27

 

Today’s Agenda

·      Quiz3- adverb clauses

·      Do more work with adverb clauses

·      New dialogue- “Interviewing for a Job”

Job Interview questions that we can prepare for

·      Phrasal verbs

 

Thursday/Friday

·      Return Quiz3

Optional RW for bonus pt

·      Midterm recommendations- one-on-one chats

 

Two-week Xmas break

 

 

 

 

Quiz3

Phone and devices away

Write a sentence with an adverb clause for each.

Pass it in by 9:50

1.    since           encourage

2.    until            party

3.    whenever weather

4.    after            complain

5.    if                  job

6.    because     opportunity

 

 

 

“Interviewing for a Job”

Let’s get into our small chat groups

 

These terms, adverbial conjnctions, are very specific. They can help to express our ideas very clearly.

If you learn these, you will be able to express 99.9% of your ideas.

 

e.g.              compound sentences- SOBA- broad meaning

                                                              - transitional terms- more specific

                     complec sentences      adv cl- very specific meanings

 

time-                     after, before, ever since, since, until, when, whenever,

while

place-                    wherever

condition -           if, even if, provided that, unless

manner-               as, as if, though, although, even though, so ... that

cause and effect-          because, since

purpose-              in order that, in order to, so that,

 

 

 

-in order that- to be able to do something

She is improving her writing in order that SV.

She is improving her writing in order that she can get into postsec.

She is improving her writing so that she can get into postsec

 

,so – COMPOUND

so that- COMPLEX adv cl

in order that- COMPLEX adv cl

 

-in order to

 

COMPOUND We went downtown, and also we went to North Van.

We went downtown, and we went to North Van.

We went downtown; also, we went to North Van.

 

 

due to- prep phrase

We stayed home because it was raining. COMPLEX adv cl

We stayed home due to NOUN.

We stayed home due to the rain. SIMPLE SV

We stayed home due to it was raining. XXX

 

We stayed home because it was raining. COMPLEX adv cl

We stayed home because of NOUN. SIMPLE SV

 We stayed home because of the rain. SIMPLE

 due to = because of

 

because SV  ///// because of NOUN

 

 

-         provided that  ‘if’ for important things

Let’s get some ice cream if you want to. COMPLEX adv cl

He will become a Canadian citizen if/provided that he passes the test.

She should be able to walk on her replacement knee if/provided that she does the physiotherapy.

You can get a mortgage if/provided that you meet the lender’s criteria.

You can get this position provided that you have your Masters/the qualifications.

You can ride the roller coaster provided that you are over 5’1”.

I can go to the next level provided that I pass this course.

 

-unless- opposite of ‘if’

We will go to the beach if it is sunny.

We will go to the beach unless it is rainy.

We will go to the beach unless it is not rainy. XXX

We will go to the beach if it is not rainy.

 

We won’t not go to the beach unless it is not rainy. CONFUSING!!!

 

You were absent yesterday? Yes. casual talking

Were you absent yesterday? writ-ng

You weren’t here yesterday? No.  

We answer the intention of the question, not the literal meaning.

authentic English

You didn’t like the movie. I liked it.

 

We won’t go to the beach until it is sunny.  time

We won’t go to the beach unless it is sunny. condition

 

-as- simile as ADJ as

He is as thin as a chopstcik

She is as beautiful as an angel/a rose.

 

- as-  since, because

We didn’t play soccer yesterday as/because/since it was raining.

 

-as if- like (imaginary)

The fans treated the football team as if they had won.

Sarah spends money as if she were Melinda Gates.

My son spends money as if it were water. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD- imagining, not real

He acts as if he were the king.

Butter was running around the back yard as if the devil was chasing him. He had the zoomies.

 

-such as – not ADV CL

She likes puzzle video games, such as Myst and It Takes Two.

She likes puzzle video games; for example, she likes Myst and It Takes Two.

She likes puzzle video games, for example Myst and It Takes Two.

The shop specialises in tropical fruits, such as pineapples, mangoes and papayas.   descriptive punctuation- what other people do

 

 

“Interviewing for a Job”

Warm-Up Questions

1.    feel sure, comfortable, confident, related to the job

2.    teamworker, fast learner, hard worker, smart, problem-solving, cooperative, dynamic, interpersonal skills, responsible, organized, punctual, versatile, multi-tasking, time-management, open-minded, proficient, optomistic, a people person, social, computer skills, detail-oriented, a big-picture person, salesperson, a sales job- IDIOM, tricky salesperson selliing something, making it sound great

crafty- make handmade things, such as knitting, sewing

soft skills- dealing with people, interpersonal

hard skills- computer, technical skills, knowledge

 

 

EXAMPLE USAGES: so too very more

WI567 Class 26

 

Today’s Agenda

·      Attendance

·      Quiz4- noun clauses

·      Start to talk about verb tenses

·      Vocabulary activities pp7-8, from last Friday

 

Wednesday

·      Midterm recommendations one-on-one meetings- half the class

·      Continue to talk about verb tenses

·      Talk about grabbers, hooks for paragraphs and essays

·      Begin Process Analysis Paragraphs

 

Thursday

·      Midterm recommendations one-on-one meetings- other half of the class

·      IDEALLY Test#3- process paragraph

 

Friday

Not 100% settled- SHEC sing-along – Christmas carols

Period 2, Room 202- Everybody is welcome. People can sing if they want to. We will have lyric sheets to sing from.

 

Coming up after Xmas Break/Winter Break!

·      Adjective clauses

·      Sentence combining

·      Phrasal verbs

·      Modals/Modal Auxiliairies

·      Persuasive paragraphs

·      Essays – five-paragraph model

·      Essay types          -compare/contrast

-persuasive

-literary?

 

 

 

 

Quiz4

Phones away.

Write a sentence with a noun clause for each.

Pass in by 12:30.

1.    believe                  student

2.    think                     advice

3.    remember           computer

4.    understand          problem

5.    say                         magazine

Jun said that this month’s Vogue magazine has some beautiful models.

It is hard to say when the magazine will go on sale.

6.    feel                        meeting

 

 

 

IDIOM She crashed after she got home. I just want to crash.

 

I say that he was late yesterday.

I say that   EXPRESSES AN OPINION

 

I said that SPEAK, TALK

IDIOM You can have your say. You have a say. She doesn’t have a say in this.

 

SLANG None of your bee’s wax.  None of your business. LITTLE BIT RUDE

 

 

**

Overview of the 12 verb tenses in English:

1.    SIMPLE PRESENT-habitual action,

everyday, always, usually, normally, generally, frequently, often. sometimes, occasionally, rarely, seldom, never

-truth, fact

#1 error subject verb agreement She go XXX She goes

2.    SIMPLE PAST- one event finished in the past

#1 error – She was go  XXX   He was talk

3.    SIMPLE FUTURE

Not 100%, but usually works

be going to- already made a plan

will- decide at the moment

*NOTE: I am going to shopping tomorrow. gerund – to

I am going to buy a new hat.

4.    PRESENT PROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS ‘ing’

-now   She is listening to a podcast right now.

-these days, currently   He is working at the airport.

*sounds temporary

She works in the market.

She is working in the market.

I live in Canada.   I am living in Canada.

 

5.    PAST PROGRESSIVE – ‘ing’ in the past, finished

She was reading a book about self-improvement, and the power went out.

-         interruption

She read a book about self-improvement last night. SIMPLE PAST- no interruption

I was making coffee Saturday morning when the lights went out due to the windstorm.

I changed my deadbolt yesterday.

I was cleaning my locker, and I found a $20 bill.

I was driving home, and the police pulled me over for speeding.

She was walking down the street, and a fire engine went screaming past her. The siren was loud.

Schools have bell or buzzers.

Alarm- Amber alert

 

 

***

Process Writing- teaching, how to do something, explaining how something works

-recipe, how to cook a dish

-how to use technology

-how to assemble something, e.g. IKEA through diagrams

-how to use a machine

-

 

when somebody sneeezes

Bless you!

Gesundheit!

 

EF56 Class 26

 

Today’s Agenda

·      Continue complex sentences- adverb clauses

Practice

Quiz Wednesday

Choose vocab for quiz

·      Phrasal verbs

·      New dialogue- “Interviewing for a Job”

Job Interview questions that we can prepare for

               

Wednesday

·      Quiz3- adverb clauses

 

Thursday/Friday

·      Midterm recommendations- one-on-one chats

 

Two-week Xmas break

 

 

 

faux fur-  faux French – fake, not real, artificial

It’s faux. It’s not real fur.

 

It’s faux Pho for four friends.

 

The coat as a fur collar.

 

Fur coats are out of fashion.

 

Some animals hunted for their fur are endangered.

 

REVIEW OF SENTENCE STYLES

 

 

*SIMPLE SENTENCES – 1 main/independent clause

SV   SSV   SVV  SSVV   Imperative   Interrogative

 

*COMPOUND SENTENCES   , SOBA     ;     ; TRANS,

2 main clauses/independent clauses joined together

1.    , FANBOYS , SOBA

2.    ; semicolon

3.    ; TRANS,   e.g. ; moreover,

 

*COMPLEX SENTENCES - 1 main clause and 1 subordinate clause

- adverb clauses THIS WEEK

- noun clauses -week after Xmas Break

- adjective clauses two weeks after Xmas Break

 

 

COMPLEX SENTENCES=  

 

simple sentence + subordinate clause (dependent clause)

main clause + subordinate clause

main clause = independent clause

 

-independent-

independent person- by yourself, support yourself/make your own money, don’t need help ,buy your own groceries, cook your own food, do your own laundry, not needy- need emotional support

 

-dependent

-dependent person – needs help, can’t stand by yourself, need support, cook for them, drive them around, needy

 

independent clause- a group of words with SV, is a simple sentence

dependent clause- a group of words with SV, not a sentence

 

The sky is blue. SIMPLE SENTENCE, INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

 

although it is chilly. DEPENDENT CLAUSE, SENTENCE FRAGMENT

 

The sky is blue. Although it is chilly. XXX

The sky is blue although it is chilly. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE

 

Mei is tired today. Because she had insomnia last night. XXX

FIX

Mei is tired today because she had insomnia last night. 1 complex sent

Mei is tired today. She had insomnia last night. 2 simples

 

COMPLEX SENTENCE- ADVERB CLAUSES

Most commonly-used words –

because   when   if

 

because – give a reason

Joan is happy today. Her son is visiting her. Two main clauses. Two simple sentences.

 

Turn one of the main clauses into a subordinate clause. +because

1.   main clause + adverb clause

Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her.

Jun is happy because her son is visiting her today.

 

Jun is happy today. Her son is visiting her. 2 SIMPLES

Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her. 1 COMPLEX, ADV CL

NOTE: no comma before ‘because’

‘because’ coordinating conjunction- grammar term

 

2.   adverb clause, + main clause 

Because Jun’s son is visiting her, she is happy today.

Because Jun’s son is visiting her today, she is happy.

NOTE: need a comma

 

*** The two ways:

Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her.

Because Jun’s son is visiting her today, she is happy.

*** Either way is good. It is your choice.

 

HIGHER LEVEL STYLE: In general, the independent clause is the most inportant information in the sentence. However, you can raise the importance of the dependent clause by placing it first, before the independent clause.

 

flip the clauses- change the order of the clauses

 

because = since = as

Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her.

Jun is happy today since her son is visiting her.

Jun is happy today as her son is visiting her.

 

COMMON ERROR:

Jun is happy, because her son is visiting her today. XXX

Small error with the comma.

 

EXAMPLES

He is hungry because he skipped lunch.

Because he skipped lunch, he is hungry.

He is tired because he didn’t get enough sleep.

She bought me a chocolate cake because it is my birthday.

Because it is my birthday, she bought me a chocolate cake.

 

** OLD-FASHIONED RULE-         Don’t start your sentences with ‘because’.

It’s fine. I do. We can ignore this rule.

 

Because it’s snowing, some people are a little late. OK

Because it’s snowing – makes this the focus of the sentence

 

Because it’s snowing, some people are a little late. OK Complex sent

 

Because it’s snowing. SENTENCE FRAGMENT -not a whole sentence

fragment – piece

 

Some people are a little late because it’s snowy. Alternative

Some people are a little late – makes this the focus of the sentence

 

Either way is fine. It’s your choice. This is more about style and intention than grammar.

 

COMMON SMALL ERROR WITH COMMAS

Some people are a little late, because it’s snowy. XXX

Don’t put a comma before ‘because’. You will see people do it, but it isn’t the best choice. Keep your school writing at a more formal level.

This is a stylistic choice concerning your writing style.

stylistic(adj) style(n)

 

DISCLAIMER: My writing and speaking style tends to be more formal than many. I aim to keep my writing and speaking style formal especially for work, school, and business. I take a professional tone in a professional situation.

Other people are much more casual in their language usage.

You can decide what level of formality is appropriate for any situation that you are in.

 

 

Some people are late because it is snowing. COMPLEX SENT- ADV CL

Some people are late because there is snow. COMPLEX SENT- ADV CL

Some people are late because is snowing. XXX

Some people are late because snow. XXX

Some people are late because of the snowy weather. SIMPLE

 

NOTE there here

There is your pen.

Here is her hat.

Here is/are your mittens.

 

 

MAIN THING ABOUT COMMAS WITH ADVERB CLAUSES:

The baby is crying because she is hungry. NO COMMA

Because the baby is hungry, she is crying. COMMA

 

MAIN CLAUSE (SIMPLE SENTENCE) + ADVERB CLAUSE

MAIN CL + ADVERB CL = COMPLEX SENTENCE

 

FREE ADVICE: If you do adverb clauses like that, they will always work. Everything will be ok.

 

 

*when - time

1.    main clause + adverb clause

Her dog gets up when she gets up. no comma

2.    adverb clause, + main clause 

When she gets up, her dog gets up. comma

 

Call your sister when you get home.

When you get home, call your sister.

SAME MEANING- your choice

 

When Harim got up this morning, she was surprised to see frost on the ground.

Harim was surprised to see frost on the ground when she got up this morning.

 

*if- maybe yes, maybe no, don’t know, not decided

1.   main clause + adverb clause

Maria should start saving her money if she wants to buy that expensive dress. no comma

2.   adverb clause, + main clause 

If Maria wants to buy that expensive dress, she should start saving her money. comma

 

Call me if you want to go for a hike.

If you want to go for a hike, call me.

 

I don’t go to the beach if it rains. SIMPLE PRESENT VT- usual action

I don’t go to the beach if it is raining/rainy.

 

If there is heavy snow, listen to the radio regarding school cancellations.

Listen to the radio. imperative (simple sentence)

Close the door if we are being too noisy.

Practice everyday if you want to get better at jujitsu.

 

COMPLEX SENTENCES- ADVERB CLAUSES  because   when   if

 

Let’s write some complex sentences using ‘because’, ‘when’ and ‘if.

 

 

 

 

 

Tomorrow, we will start to learn these ones:

 

time-                     after, before, ever since, since, until, when, whenever,

while

place-                    wherever

condition -           if, even if, provided that, unless

manner-               as, as if, though, although, even though, so ... that

cause-                   because, since

purpose-              in order that, in order to, so that,

 

Model for adverb clauses:

Main clause adverb clause.

Adverb clause,  main clause.

**

***

**** YOUR CHOICE. You should be able to do it both ways. GOAL! ****

 

 

Three most commonly used words: because   if   when

 

‘if’ – past, present, future verb tense

My sister would play with her dolls if she was bored. simple past

Let’s grab some coffee if you are free now. simple present

I will call you if I need a lift to the airport. simple future

 

EXAMPLES:

You should call your sister if you want a ride from the airport.

If you want a ride from the airport, you should call your sister.

 

You should call your sister, if you want a ride from the airport. XXX punc

-small error, does not impede understanding, still not right

 

IMPERATIVE: Call your sister.

Call your sister if you want to get a ride.

If you want to get a ride, call your sister.

 

 

 

GOOD WORDS FOR ADVERB CLAUSES

* Adverbial conjunctions (adverb clause words)

Learning these will expand your ability to express your thoughts more clearly and precisely in English.

 

** When you learn these 24 words, you will be a rock star in your English class!

 

COMPLEX SENTENCES-adverb clauses

time-                     after, before, ever since, since, until, when, whenever,

while

place-                    wherever

condition -           if, even if, provided that, unless

manner-               as, as if, though, although, even though, so ... that

cause-                   because, since

purpose-              in order that, in order to, so that,

 

*after- time

The kids did their homework after supper. prepositional phrase SIMPLE

The kids did their homework after SV supper. COMPLEX- ADVERB CL

The kids did their homework after they finished/had/ate supper. no comma

After the kids finished supper, they did their homework. comma

 

You can express the same information using different sentence types.

The kids did their homework after supper. SIMPLE

The kids did their homework after they finished supper. COMPLEX

The kids finished supper, and they did their homework.

The kids finished supper; then they did their homework.

AUTHENTIC- NEW STYLE The kids finished supper, and then they did their homework.

COMPOUND

 

This is all about choice!! If you can write a sentence three different ways, you will be unstoppable.

 

VERY COMMON ERROR

After the kids finished supper, so they did their homework. XXX

confusing compound and complex

FIXES

The kids finished supper, so they did their homework. compound

After the kids finished supper, they did their homework. complex

 

* before- Call me before you leave. complex- adverb clause

Call me before 8pm. SIMPLE

She was an engineer before she moved to Canada. COMPLEX

 

*since – two meanings: time, give a reason

-since-time

May has lived in Canada since 1998. SIMPLE

May has lived in Canada since SV 1998. COMPLEX

May has lived in Canada since she moved/arrived/came/ immigrated/relocated here from Vietnam in 1998. COMPLEX

* NOTE: simple past instead past perfect

Past perfect is not commonly used by native English speakers.

May has lived in Canada since she had moved here from Vietnam in 1998.

May has lived in Canada since she moved here from Vietnam in 1998.

*NOTE: Present perfect verb tense is often a good choice for ‘since’.

 

-since – give a reason, same as ‘because’

Joe is a little frustrated right now because the internet keeps dropping out.

Joe is a little frustrated right now since the internet keeps dropping out.

Because the internet keeps dropping out, Joe is a little frustrated right now.

Since the internet keeps dropping out, Joe is a little frustrated right now.

 

SWAP because = since

because/since – Your choice. Mix it up!

 

I have wanted to write a book since I finished reading/read Rumi’s books. time? reason?

The little boy has been obsessed with spiders since he visited the Vancouver Aquarium. time? reason?

 

How can you tell? context  You have to read the sentence carefully.

 

NOTE: due to + noun

Joe is a little frustrated right now due to the internet dropping out. SIMPLE

‘dropping’- noun, gerund

‘because’ VS ‘due to’

The picnic has been cancelled because/since it is raining. adv cl

The picnic has been cancelled due to the rain. rain SIMPLE

The picnic has been cancelled because of the rain. SIMPLE

The park has been closed during construction. time

The park has been closed due to construction. reason

The school was closed because of Covid. SIMPLE

The school was closed due to Covid. SIMPLE

The school was closed because Covid was spreading. COMPLEX-ADV CL

due to NOUN    because of NOUN

because SV

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OPTIONS

SIMPLES

Because of the rain, we could not go shopping.

We could not go shopping because of the rain.

Due to the rain, we could not go shopping.

We could not go shopping due to the rain.

COMPLEX-ADV CL

Because it was raining, we could not go shopping.

We could not go shopping because it was rainy.

 

 

History of words- etymology

Podcast- Lexicon Valley- high-level English, Dr John McWharter

 

*until – time (waiting for something else to happen)

I will wait until you finish work.

Until you finish work, I will wait. Don’t sound natural. Use your ear. Does it sound good? Does it sound weird? Trust your ear.

 

Jen has been waiting for you until now. SIMPLE

Jan was waiting for you until 10 pm. SIMPLE

Jen was waiting for you until she fell asleep. COMPLEX-ADV CL

Jen was waiting for you until her sister called. COMPLEX- ADV CL

The baby cried until his mother soothed him.

 

I will keep learning English until I am fluent. COMPLEX

Sara will keep learning English until she is fluent. COMPLEX

Dave is waiting until he retires to start travelling.

 

NOTE:         until – good for writing, proper English, school, business

til – very casual, good for talking, not for school writing, only casual writing

Same as ‘because’  - for school writing   

‘cause’-casual talking, not for school writing 

‘bc’ ‘cuz’- very casual, texting, not professional

 

gonna XXX going to

wanna XXX want to

gotta I gotta go! I have got to go.

dunno, lemme XXX

 

code shifting- changing the way we talk for different groups

 

Line from a movie: Just because somebody speaks with an accent, doesn’t mean they think with an accent.

 

*when/while

when – one time

while – two actions happening at the same time

You were working while your son was sleeping.

While you are in school, your kids are in daycare.

Students were using their cell phones while the teacher was teaching.

I was studying while my mother was cooking.

I am studying while my mother is cooking. now

I study while my mother cooks. usually

While I eat lunch, I prefer to watch a short movie.

 

STRANGE Maria was washing the dishes while the phone was rang.

 

BETTER Maria was washing the dishes when the phone rang.

The phone rang when I was washing the dishes.

 

  phone rang  *

­­­­washing   _______________________________

 

Maria was washing the dishes while the phone was ringing. UNLIKELY

 

while – Maria was washing the dishes while her husband was sweeping the floor.

sweeping *******************************************

washing    ___________________________________________

 

I can’t talk while I am driving. I will call you back when I park my car.

 

Sarah was washing the dishes while Joe was watching TV.

My daughter was reading while I was playing guitar.

He was studying while his sister was training in the gym.

train- serious, organized exercise for a purpose (e.g. a sport, a race)

I was thinking about my daughter while I was making her lunch.

I usually listen to podcasts while I am walking/walk. parallel

podcast- one podcast, two podcasts  countable

I always eat a snack while I watch TV.

I was talking with a customer while my colleague was waiting to talk with me.

When it’s morning in Vancouver, it’s evening in Tehran.

The plane is arriving.

YVR- Arrivals   Departures

The squirrel was eating a nut while Butter was barking at it.

Squirrels chatter at animals they don’t like.

 

‘while’ time- fits well with continuous/progressive tenses  ‘ing’

The parents like to watch their baby while she is sleeping.

My dog likes to hold hands while he is lying down.

He sings while he is driving. COMPLEX

She sings while driving. SIMPLE

She hums a song while she is working.

hum, whistle

 

while + ‘ing’ GOOD MATCH

She talks to himself while she is working. talks- simple present- always, habit

He is talking to himself while he is working. is talking – present continuous- right now

 

SPECIAL USAGE- while – show contrast

I get up early while you get up late.

Sarah is extroverted while her sister is intraverted.

Canada is cold while The Philippines is hot.

You like cats while he likes dogs.

Jorge wants to be a machine operator while Shehd wants to be a nurse.

 

75C- in the desert?

 

Let’s practice writing sentence with these adverb clause words.

 

* since/ever since- time

since – time

ever since – time, feels like a long time

Marie has been waiting for the bus since 12:05. (less than five minutes) SIMPLE

Marie has been waiting for the bus ever since 11:30. (almost an hour) SIMPLE

ever since – feels like a long time

 

Mavis has been living in Vancouver since she came to Canada two years ago. COMPLEX

Mui has been living in Vancouver ever since she came to Canada in 1975. COMPLEX -adverb clause – seems likes a long time, almost 50 years

 

We have been friends since we were nine years old.

We have been BFFs ever since we were nine years old.

BFF – Best Friends Forever (slang-teenager talk)

We are BFFs.

 

I have been living in Canada ever since 2014. SIMPLE

I have been living in Canada ever since SV 2014. COMPLEX- ADV CL

I have been living in Canada ever since I moved here in 2014. COMPLEX- ADV CL

I have been very happy ever since I came to this school. COMPLEX- ADV CL

 

ever since- you are showing your opinion that it has been long time

 

Maria has lived in Canada ever since 1990. simple

Maria has lived in Canada ever since she moved from Indonesia in 1990. complex- adverb clause

Maria has lived in Canada since 2018. SIMPLE SENTENCE

Maria has lived in Canada ever since 1978. long time SIMPLE SENTENCE

Maria has lived in Canada since she moved from Japan in 2018. COMPLEX SENTENCE adverb clause

Maria has lived in Canada ever since she moved from Japan in 1978. long time

Ever since we got a new manager, work has been a drag.

SLANG a drag- not fun, not enjoyable

Work is a drag.

I lost my phone. What a drag.

 

We have been in class since 12:00. doesn’t feel like a long time

We have been in class ever since 9:15. does feel like a long time

 

We have been waiting for the bus ever since 9:15. feels like a long time

Time is dragging. It feels like time is standing still.

 

She has played piano ever since she was little.

 

MODELS using ‘since’ in simple sentences:

I came to Canada since 2019. XXX

I came to Canada in 2019. SIMPLE

I have lived in Canada since 2019. SIMPLE

I have been in Canada for two years. SIMPLE

I lived in Canada since 2019. Not the best verb choice.

I have lived in Canada since 2019.

I have lived in Canada since April, 2019.

I have lived in Canada since April 24^th, 2019.

 

*whenever -every time

Whenever her dog is left alone, he tips over the garbage and makes a mess.

Her dog tips over the garbage and makes a mess whenever he is left alone.

Emiko feels homesick whenever she looks at her photo album of family pictures.

Whenever Emiko looks at her photo album of family pictures, she feels homesick.

 

homesick(adj)- feel nostalgic, miss your home

I feel very homesick.

 

DIFFERENT MEANING

Whenever Emiko feels homesick, she looks at her photo album of family pictures.

Emiko looks at her photo album of family pictures whenever she feels homesick.

 

Whenever he drinks water, he spills it all over himself like a kid.

Sarah goes snowboarding whenever she can. Every chance she gets, she goes.

 

He sings while he drives. simple present- usual action, habitual action

He is singing while he is driving. present progressive- happening right now

 

 

*if- maybe yes, maybe no, not certain

Sarah will go to the party if she is free.

 

We will go to the park if it is sunny. no comma

If it is sunny, we will go to the park. comma

 

FUNNY IDIOM     If my grandmother had wheels, she would be a wagon.

‘If’ is a big word. It is easy to say than to do.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Let’s choose vocab to review for the quiz tomorrow:

time-                     after, before, ever since, since, until, when, whenever,

while

place-                    wherever

condition -           if, even if, provided that, unless

manner-               as, as if, though, although, even though, so ... that

cause-                   because, since

purpose-              in order that, in order to, so that,

10 adverb clause words

1.    ever since

2.    since

3.    until

4.    while

5.    when

6.    whenever

7.    after/before

8.    if

9.    because

10.                       unless

 

10 vocabulary words

1.    party

2.    vacation

3.    complain

4.    beaver

5.    football

6.    weather

7.    interview

8.    encourage

9.    job

10.                       opportunity

1.    until  weather

Let’s wait until the weather gets better. COMPLEX SENT- ADV CL

1.    unless job

I can’t afford a new phone unless I get a job.

 

since/ ever since

 

*even if – different meaning than ‘if’

the result does not depend on the situation

 

A does not depend on B

A                                                   B                         

Sarah will not go to the party even if she is free.

 

Sarah will not go to the party if she is busy.

 

You cannot have any more candy even if you ask me a million times.

 

 

Even if I hate winter, I have to deal with / live with it.

 

Even if it’s challenging, you still have to learn English.

 

I will not buy you that toy even if you cry and make a fuss.

 

We will go to the park even if it is raining. COMPLEX

 

You have to do your homework even if you are tired.

 

 

ALTERNATIVE despite the NOUN

We will go to the park despite the rain. SIMPLE

I bought new Fleuvog boots despite the cost.

 

regardless of the NOUN

We will go to the park regardless of the rain. SIMPLE

Mei will buy a new iPhone regardless of the cost.

I will keep learning English despite the difficulties/obstacles/ challenges.

I will keep learning English regardess of  the challenges.

 

I like living in Canada despite the difficulties.

I like living in Canada regardless of the difficulties.

 

I have to go to work regardless of the weather.

 

My son is playing in a volleyball tournament despite his knee injury.

 

I have to speak despite my language barrier/shyness.

 

 

We will always worry about our children despite/regardless of their age.

Little kids, little problems. Big kids, big problems.

 

 

I will not buy you this toy even if you cry and yell and throw yourself on the floor.

 

I will buy a new phone if I can afford it. Will I buy a new phone? YES/NO

I will not buy a new phone even if I can afford it. Will I buy a new phone? NO

 

Mei will marry Joe even if her mother is not happy about it.

Mei will marry Joe despite her mother’s opinion/misgivings.

 

* even though – the situation is true, not conditional

* even if – maybe YES, maybe NO, conditional

Sheila will not go to the party even though she was invited.

Will she go? NO Was she invited? YES

 

Sheila will not go to the party even if she is invited.

Will she go? NO

Was she invited? Uncertain.

 

Sarah will go kayaking even if it is raining.

Will she go kayaking? YES Is it raining? MAYBE

 

Sarah will go kayaking even though it is raining.

Will she go kayaking? YES Is it raining? YES

 

TRICKY NEW WORDS – if   even if   even though

 

Even though she is sick today, she still went to work.

Did she go to work? YES Is she sick? YES

Even if she is sick, she still goes to work.

Even if she is sick today, she will still go to work.

Will she go to work? YES Is she sick? MAYBE

 

*provided that – ‘if’ for important things

Let’s grab some coffee if you’re free. – not important

grab some coffee- (casual) have some coffee

You can change your career provided that you have made a good plan.

- sounds important

You can go to UBC if/provided that you have the prereqs. (prerequisite courses)

provided that – makes it sound important

You can choose when to use it.

going to the beach? if

getting married? provided that

immigrating to a new country?  provided that

getting some ice cream? if

sandwich or burger? if

having an operation? provided that

e.g. Doug can get his knee replacement provided that he loses 60 pounds.

 

IMPORTANT: You can’t learn all of these in two days. Just pick one or two at a time and focus on them. Practice. Sometimes people bite off more than they can chew.

IDIOM people bite off more than they can chew – try to do too much at once

 

 

*unless – changes the situation, opposite of ‘if’ ‘provided that’

Let’s grab some coffee if you’re free.

USAGE- grab – to eat or drink casually, e.g. quick lunch

Let’s grab some lunch.

I’m going to grab a snack. Give me a minute.

 

Let’s grab some coffee if you’re free.

Let’s grab some coffee unless you’re busy.

 

Sarah will go to the beach if it is nice on Saturday.

Sarah will go to the beach unless it is rainy on Saturday.

 

Please try a cookie if you can eat wheat.

Please try a cookie unless you are gluten intolerant.

 

gluten intolerant- can’t eat wheat flour

lactose intolerant – cannot digest lactose

 

 

Let’s take a raincheck on coffee if you are busy. (idiom)

IDIOM take a raincheck – we will do it later, postpone

 

STORE sale- No rainchecks!

 

Let’s go for a hike this Saturday.

Oh, I can’t. Can I take a raincheck?

 

Do you want to go for a walk today?

I have a doctor’s appointment. Can I take a raincheck?

 

Doctor’s assistant: Can you come next Wednesday at 3?

You: I have to take a raincheck. I’m busy. I’m already booked. How about Thursday at 2?

 

* even though = although = though (casual, good for talking, not great for writing)

although

Joe watches his daughter play soccer even though /  although he is not into sports.

You study English even though you’re not really into it.

 

IDIOM to be into something- to enjoy it

Jun is really into Pokemon.

 

Dave is playing with his kids even though he has a lot of work to do.

I like the weather even though/ although/ though it is very hot.

 

TWO DIFFERENT WAYS

I like the weather although it is very hot.

Although it is very hot, I like the weather.

I enjoy English class even though it is a little boring sometimes.

 

 

* so ... that     … ellipsis    …English    …… Not English!

 

 

so ADJECTIVE that

Jun is so tall that she has trouble buying pants.

Yesterday was so hot that Mike sat inside of his refrigerator.

Yesterday was so cold that even the dog wouldn’t go out.

The math is so hard that Mohammed has to get a tutor.

The kitten is so small that you can hold it in the palm of your hand.

Sarah is so tired that she is nodding off in the meeting.

IDIOM nodding off- falling asleep

 

drooling- water coming out of your mouth

Butter drools when he watches me eat supper.

 

SAME MEANING- DIFFERENT STYLE

Because Jun is so tall, she has trouble buying pants.

The iphone 13 is so expensive that I can’t afford it. COMPLEX- adverb clause

 

He did this test so well that he got a good score. he got %100.

Houses are so expensive that most people cannot afford to buy one.

He is so kind that everybody likes him.

Your mother is so kind that all the kids love to come over to your house.

He is so happy that he got a promotion.

 

He is so happy that he is grinning from ear to ear.

IDIOM smiling from ear to ear

The cookies were so good that I ate four of them.

 

CONFUSING

‘, so’  and ‘so ... that’ are not the same thing.

, so COMPOUND

so... that COMPLEX

 

CONTINUE TOMORROW

 

DIFFERENT MEANINGS so that      so...that

 

 

 

*in order to -to make something happen

In order to pass the class, you have do pass all your quizzes and tests.

In order to make bread, you need flour, water, eggs, salt, and yeast.

Junko is finishing her Math 12 and English 12 in order to graduate.

 

*in order that- NOT COMMONLY USED, use ‘in order to’ instead

Junko is finishing her Math 12 and English 12 in order that she can graduate.

 

 

so that  = in order to

Sarah is saving money so that she can afford an iphone 13.

DIFFERENT THAN  , so

Sarah wants to get an iphone 13, so she is saving her money. COMPOUND

 

 

***NOTE: CONFUSION   , so   so that   so...that

These terms and words can change the way you express yourself in English. They can really help you express your thoughts and ideas clearly and precisely. They are very powerful tools, and you can learn to use them.

 

SIDE NOTE: I have a small editing business on the side. I edit papers for UBC and SFU students, mostly nursing students who are getting their masters degrees. When I edit a paper for a university, I use SIMPLE, COMPOUND and COMPLEX sentences.

The stuff we are learning here will get you through school.

 

 

Focus on these most useful ones:

after/before

since

until

when/while

if

even if

unless

though/although/even though

so ... that

because

 

If you would like to send a few examples for HW, please do. We can share them tomorrow.

 

 

 

**Source of confusion- difference between compound and complex sentences, specifically transitional terms and adverbial conjunctions (adverb clause words)

e.g.  however/although - similar meanings, different usage, different grammar, different different types of sentences

Your challenge is to figure them out.

*however   COMPOUND It is very cold today; however, we have to go to school.

*although  COMPLEX- ADV CL We have to go to school although it is very cold today.

 

* Compound sentence – transitional term

It snowed last night; therefore, the roads were slick this morning.

* Complex sentence – adverbial conjunction (adverb clause words)

The roads were slick this morning because it snowed last night.

Because it snowed last night, the roads were slick this morning.

 

 

These are different kinds of sentences. They may look similar, but they are not. Definitely you will get them confused sometimes.

 

Very simple advice to you and to me:

If you want to learn piano, play piano a little bit every day. In a year, you’ll be good.

If you want to learn piano to write sentence styles in English, play

piano practice the sentence styles a little bit every day. In a year, you’ll be good.

 

Put it in your phone calendar as a gentle reminder.

 

When your English is getting better, you will feel great! However, you have to do the work.

 

If you learn these, you will be able to express 99.9% of your ideas.

 

 

EXAMPLE USAGES: so too very more