Today’s Agenda
·
Continue complex sentences- adverb clauses
Practice
Quiz Wednesday
Choose vocab for quiz
·
Phrasal verbs
·
New dialogue- “Interviewing for a Job”
Job Interview questions that we can prepare
for
Wednesday
·
Quiz3- adverb clauses
Thursday/Friday
·
Midterm recommendations- one-on-one chats
Two-week Xmas break
faux fur- faux French
– fake, not real, artificial
It’s faux. It’s not real fur.
It’s faux Pho for four friends.
The coat as a fur collar.
Fur coats are out of fashion.
Some animals hunted for their fur are endangered.
*SIMPLE
SENTENCES – 1 main/independent clause
SV SSV
SVV SSVV Imperative
Interrogative
*COMPOUND
SENTENCES , SOBA ; ; TRANS,
2 main
clauses/independent clauses joined together
1.
, FANBOYS , SOBA
2.
; semicolon
3.
;
TRANS, e.g. ; moreover,
*COMPLEX
SENTENCES - 1 main clause and 1 subordinate clause
-
adverb clauses THIS WEEK
- noun
clauses -week after Xmas Break
-
adjective clauses two weeks after Xmas Break
COMPLEX
SENTENCES=
simple
sentence + subordinate clause (dependent clause)
main
clause + subordinate clause
main
clause = independent clause
-independent-
independent
person- by yourself, support yourself/make your own money, don’t need help ,buy
your own groceries, cook your own food, do your own laundry, not needy- need
emotional support
-dependent
-dependent
person – needs help, can’t stand by yourself, need support, cook for them,
drive them around, needy
independent
clause- a group of words with SV, is a simple sentence
dependent
clause- a group of words with SV, not a sentence
The sky
is blue. SIMPLE SENTENCE, INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
although
it is chilly. DEPENDENT CLAUSE, SENTENCE
FRAGMENT
The sky
is blue. Although it is chilly. XXX
The sky
is blue although it is chilly. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE
Mei is
tired today. Because she had insomnia last night. XXX
FIX
Mei is
tired today because she had insomnia last night. 1 complex sent
Mei is
tired today. She had insomnia last night. 2 simples
COMPLEX
SENTENCE- ADVERB CLAUSES
Most
commonly-used words –
because when
if
because
– give a reason
Joan is happy
today. Her son is visiting her.
Two main clauses. Two simple sentences.
Turn
one of the main clauses into a subordinate clause. +because
1. main clause + adverb clause
Jun is happy
today because her son is visiting her.
Jun is happy
because her son is visiting her today.
Jun is happy
today. Her son is visiting her.
2 SIMPLES
Jun is happy
today because her son is visiting
her. 1 COMPLEX, ADV CL
NOTE: no
comma before ‘because’
‘because’
coordinating conjunction- grammar term
2. adverb clause, + main clause
Because
Jun’s son is visiting her, she is happy today.
Because
Jun’s son is visiting her today, she is happy.
NOTE: need
a comma
*** The
two ways:
Jun is happy
today because her son is visiting her.
Because
Jun’s son is visiting her today, she is happy.
*** Either
way is good. It is your choice.
HIGHER
LEVEL STYLE: In general, the independent clause is the most inportant
information in the sentence. However, you can raise the importance of the dependent
clause by placing it first, before the independent clause.
flip
the clauses- change the order of the clauses
because
= since = as
Jun is happy
today because her son is visiting her.
Jun is happy
today since her son is visiting her.
Jun is happy
today as her son is visiting her.
COMMON
ERROR:
Jun is
happy, because her son is visiting
her today. XXX
Small
error with the comma.
EXAMPLES
He is hungry because he skipped lunch.
Because
he skipped lunch, he is hungry.
He is
tired because he didn’t get enough sleep.
She
bought me a chocolate cake because it is my birthday.
Because
it is my birthday, she bought me a chocolate cake.
** OLD-FASHIONED
RULE- Don’t start your sentences
with ‘because’.
It’s
fine. I do. We can ignore this rule.
Because
it’s snowing, some people are a little late. OK
Because
it’s snowing – makes this the focus of the sentence
Because
it’s snowing, some people are a little late. OK Complex sent
Because
it’s snowing. SENTENCE FRAGMENT -not a whole sentence
fragment
– piece
Some people
are a little late because it’s snowy. Alternative
Some people
are a little late – makes this the focus of the sentence
Either
way is fine. It’s your choice. This is more about style and intention than
grammar.
COMMON SMALL
ERROR WITH COMMAS
Some people
are a little late, because it’s snowy. XXX
Don’t
put a comma before ‘because’. You will see people do it, but it isn’t the best
choice. Keep your school writing at a more formal level.
This is
a stylistic choice concerning your writing style.
stylistic(adj)
style(n)
DISCLAIMER:
My writing and speaking style tends to be more formal than many. I aim to keep
my writing and speaking style formal especially for work, school, and business.
I take a professional tone in a professional situation.
Other
people are much more casual in their language usage.
You can
decide what level of formality is appropriate for any situation that you are
in.
Some
people are late because it is snowing. COMPLEX SENT- ADV CL
Some
people are late because there is snow. COMPLEX SENT- ADV CL
Some
people are late because is snowing. XXX
Some
people are late because snow. XXX
Some
people are late because of the snowy weather. SIMPLE
NOTE
there here
There is your pen.
Here is her hat.
Here
is/are your mittens.
MAIN
THING ABOUT COMMAS WITH ADVERB CLAUSES:
The
baby is crying because she is hungry. NO COMMA
Because
the baby is hungry, she is crying. COMMA
MAIN
CLAUSE (SIMPLE SENTENCE) + ADVERB CLAUSE
MAIN CL
+ ADVERB CL = COMPLEX SENTENCE
FREE ADVICE:
If you do adverb clauses like that, they will always work. Everything will be
ok.
*when -
time
1. main clause + adverb clause
Her dog
gets up when she gets
up. no comma
2.
adverb
clause, + main clause
When she
gets up, her dog gets up. comma
Call
your sister when you get home.
When
you get home, call your sister.
SAME
MEANING- your choice
When
Harim got up this morning, she was surprised to see frost on the ground.
Harim
was surprised to see frost on the ground when she got up this morning.
*if-
maybe yes, maybe no, don’t know, not decided
1. main clause + adverb clause
Maria
should start saving her money if she wants to buy that expensive dress. no
comma
2. adverb clause, + main clause
If
Maria wants to buy that expensive dress, she should start saving her money. comma
Call me if you want to go for a hike.
If you
want to go for a hike, call me.
I don’t
go to the beach if it rains. SIMPLE PRESENT VT- usual action
I don’t
go to the beach if it is raining/rainy.
If
there is heavy snow, listen to the radio regarding school cancellations.
Listen
to the radio. imperative (simple sentence)
Close
the door if we are being too noisy.
Practice
everyday if you want to get better at jujitsu.
COMPLEX
SENTENCES- ADVERB CLAUSES because when
if
Let’s
write some complex sentences using ‘because’, ‘when’ and ‘if.
Tomorrow,
we will start to learn these ones:
time- after,
before, ever since, since, until, when, whenever,
while
place- wherever
condition
- if, even if, provided that,
unless
manner- as, as if, though, although, even
though, so ... that
cause- because, since
purpose- in order that, in order to, so
that,
Model
for adverb clauses:
Main
clause adverb clause.
Adverb
clause, main
clause.
**
***
**** YOUR
CHOICE. You should be able to do it both ways. GOAL! ****
Three
most commonly used words: because
if when
‘if’ –
past, present, future verb tense
My
sister would play with her dolls if she was bored. simple past
Let’s
grab some coffee if you are free now. simple present
I will call
you if I need a lift to the airport. simple future
EXAMPLES:
You
should call your sister if you want a ride from the airport.
If you
want a ride from the airport, you should call your sister.
You
should call your sister, if you want a ride from the airport. XXX punc
-small
error, does not impede understanding, still not right
IMPERATIVE:
Call your sister.
Call
your sister if you want to get a ride.
If you
want to get a ride, call your sister.
*
Adverbial conjunctions (adverb clause words)
Learning
these will expand your ability to express your thoughts more clearly and
precisely in English.
** When
you learn these 24 words, you will be a rock star in your English class!
COMPLEX
SENTENCES-adverb clauses
time- after,
before, ever since, since, until, when, whenever,
while
place- wherever
condition
- if, even if, provided that,
unless
manner- as, as if, though, although, even
though, so ... that
cause- because, since
purpose- in order that, in order to, so
that,
*after-
time
The
kids did their homework after supper. prepositional phrase SIMPLE
The
kids did their homework after SV supper. COMPLEX- ADVERB CL
The
kids did their homework after they finished/had/ate
supper. no comma
After
the kids finished supper, they did their homework. comma
You
can express the same information using different sentence types.
The
kids did their homework after supper. SIMPLE
The
kids did their homework after they finished supper. COMPLEX
The kids
finished supper, and they did their homework.
The
kids finished supper; then they did their homework.
AUTHENTIC-
NEW STYLE The kids finished supper, and then they did their homework.
COMPOUND
This
is all about choice!! If you can write a sentence three different ways, you
will be unstoppable.
VERY
COMMON ERROR
After
the kids finished supper, so they did their homework. XXX
confusing
compound and complex
FIXES
The
kids finished supper, so they did their homework. compound
After
the kids finished supper, they did their homework. complex
*
before- Call me before you leave.
complex- adverb clause
Call
me before 8pm. SIMPLE
She
was an engineer before she moved to Canada. COMPLEX
*since
– two meanings: time, give a reason
-since-time
May has lived in Canada since 1998. SIMPLE
May has lived in Canada since SV 1998.
COMPLEX
May has lived in Canada since she moved/arrived/came/ immigrated/relocated here
from Vietnam in 1998. COMPLEX
*
NOTE: simple past instead past perfect
Past
perfect is not commonly used by native English speakers.
May
has lived in Canada since she had moved here from Vietnam in 1998.
May
has lived in Canada since she moved here from Vietnam in 1998.
*NOTE:
Present perfect verb tense is often a good choice for ‘since’.
-since
– give a reason, same as ‘because’
Joe
is a little frustrated right now because the internet keeps dropping out.
Joe
is a little frustrated right now since the internet keeps dropping out.
Because
the internet keeps dropping out, Joe is a little frustrated
right now.
Since
the internet keeps dropping out, Joe is a little frustrated right now.
SWAP
because = since
because/since
– Your choice. Mix it up!
I have wanted to write a book since I finished
reading/read Rumi’s books. time? reason?
The little boy has been obsessed with spiders
since he visited the Vancouver Aquarium. time? reason?
How can you tell? context You have to read the sentence carefully.
NOTE: due to + noun
Joe is a little frustrated right now due to
the internet dropping out. SIMPLE
‘dropping’- noun, gerund
‘because’ VS ‘due to’
The picnic has been cancelled because/since
it is raining. adv cl
The picnic has been cancelled due to the rain.
rain SIMPLE
The picnic has been cancelled because of
the rain. SIMPLE
The park has been closed during construction.
time
The park has been closed due to construction.
reason
The school was closed because of Covid.
SIMPLE
The school was closed due to Covid. SIMPLE
The school was closed because Covid was
spreading. COMPLEX-ADV CL
due to NOUN
because of NOUN
because SV
OPTIONS
SIMPLES
Because of the rain, we could not go
shopping.
We could not go shopping because of the rain.
Due to the rain, we could not go shopping.
We could not go shopping due to the rain.
COMPLEX-ADV CL
Because it was raining, we could not go
shopping.
We could not go shopping because it was
rainy.
History of words- etymology
Podcast- Lexicon Valley- high-level English,
Dr John McWharter
*until – time (waiting for something else to
happen)
I will wait until you finish work.
Until you finish work, I will wait.
Don’t sound natural. Use your ear. Does it sound good? Does it sound weird?
Trust your ear.
Jen has been waiting for you until now.
SIMPLE
Jan was waiting for you until 10 pm. SIMPLE
Jen was waiting for you until she fell asleep. COMPLEX-ADV CL
Jen was waiting for you until her sister
called. COMPLEX- ADV CL
The baby cried until his mother soothed him.
I will keep learning English until I am
fluent. COMPLEX
Sara will keep learning English until she
is fluent. COMPLEX
Dave is waiting until he retires to start
travelling.
NOTE: until
– good for writing, proper English, school, business
til – very casual, good for talking, not for school
writing, only casual writing
Same
as ‘because’ - for school writing
‘cause’-casual
talking, not for school writing
‘bc’
‘cuz’- very casual, texting, not professional
gonna XXX going to
wanna XXX want to
gotta I gotta go! I have got to go.
dunno, lemme XXX
code shifting- changing the way we talk for
different groups
Line from a movie: Just because somebody
speaks with an accent, doesn’t mean they think with an accent.
*when/while
when
– one time
while
– two actions happening at the same time
You
were working while your son was sleeping.
While
you are in school, your kids are in daycare.
Students
were using their cell phones while the teacher was teaching.
I was
studying while my mother was cooking.
I am
studying while my mother is cooking. now
I study
while my mother cooks. usually
While
I eat lunch, I prefer to watch a short movie.
STRANGE
Maria was washing the dishes while the phone was rang.
BETTER
Maria was washing the dishes when the phone rang.
The
phone rang when I was washing the dishes.
phone rang
*
washing _______________________________
Maria
was washing the dishes while the phone was ringing. UNLIKELY
while
– Maria was washing the dishes while her husband was sweeping the floor.
sweeping
*******************************************
washing ___________________________________________
I
can’t talk while I am driving. I will call you back when I park my car.
Sarah
was washing the dishes while Joe was watching TV.
My
daughter was reading while I was playing guitar.
He
was studying while his sister was training in the gym.
train-
serious, organized exercise for a purpose (e.g. a sport, a race)
I was
thinking about my daughter while I was making her lunch.
I
usually listen to podcasts while I am walking/walk. parallel
podcast-
one podcast, two podcasts countable
I always
eat a snack while I watch TV.
I was
talking with a customer while my colleague was waiting to talk with me.
When
it’s morning in Vancouver, it’s evening in Tehran.
The
plane is arriving.
YVR- Arrivals Departures
The squirrel
was eating a nut while Butter was barking at it.
Squirrels
chatter at animals they don’t like.
‘while’
time- fits well with continuous/progressive tenses ‘ing’
The
parents like to watch their baby while she is sleeping.
My
dog likes to hold hands while he is lying down.
He
sings while he is driving. COMPLEX
She
sings while driving. SIMPLE
She
hums a song while she is working.
hum, whistle
while
+ ‘ing’ GOOD MATCH
She
talks to himself while she is working. talks- simple present- always,
habit
He is
talking to himself while he is working. is talking – present continuous-
right now
SPECIAL
USAGE- while – show contrast
I get
up early while you get up late.
Sarah
is extroverted while her sister is intraverted.
Canada
is cold while The Philippines is hot.
You
like cats while he likes dogs.
Jorge
wants to be a machine operator while Shehd wants to be a nurse.
75C-
in the desert?
Let’s
practice writing sentence with these adverb clause words.
* since/ever since- time
since – time
ever since – time, feels like a long time
Marie has been waiting for the bus since 12:05.
(less than five minutes) SIMPLE
Marie has been waiting for the bus ever since
11:30. (almost an hour) SIMPLE
ever since – feels like a long time
Mavis has been living in Vancouver since
she came to Canada two years ago. COMPLEX
Mui has been living in Vancouver ever since
she came to Canada in 1975. COMPLEX -adverb clause – seems likes a long
time, almost 50 years
We have been friends since we were nine years
old.
We have been BFFs ever since we were nine
years old.
BFF – Best Friends Forever (slang-teenager
talk)
We are BFFs.
I have been living in Canada ever since 2014.
SIMPLE
I have been living in Canada ever since SV 2014.
COMPLEX- ADV CL
I have been living in Canada ever since I moved
here in 2014. COMPLEX- ADV CL
I have been very happy ever since I came to this school. COMPLEX- ADV CL
ever since- you are showing your opinion that
it has been long time
Maria has lived in Canada ever since 1990.
simple
Maria has lived in Canada ever since she
moved from Indonesia in 1990. complex- adverb clause
Maria has lived in Canada since 2018.
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Maria has lived in Canada ever since
1978. long time SIMPLE SENTENCE
Maria has lived in Canada since she moved
from Japan in 2018. COMPLEX SENTENCE adverb clause
Maria has lived in Canada ever since she
moved from Japan in 1978. long time
Ever since we got a new manager, work has
been a drag.
SLANG a drag- not fun, not enjoyable
Work is a drag.
I lost my phone. What a drag.
We have been in class since 12:00. doesn’t
feel like a long time
We have been in class ever since 9:15. does
feel like a long time
We have been waiting for the bus ever since 9:15.
feels like a long time
Time is dragging. It feels like time is
standing still.
She has played piano ever since she was
little.
MODELS using ‘since’ in simple sentences:
I came to Canada since 2019. XXX
I came to Canada in 2019. SIMPLE
I have lived in Canada since 2019. SIMPLE
I have been in Canada for two years. SIMPLE
I lived in Canada since 2019. Not the best
verb choice.
I have lived in Canada since 2019.
I have lived in Canada since April, 2019.
I have lived in Canada since April 24th,
2019.
*whenever
-every time
Whenever
her dog is left alone, he tips over the garbage and makes a mess.
Her
dog tips over the garbage and makes a mess whenever he is left alone.
Emiko
feels homesick whenever she looks at her photo album of family pictures.
Whenever
Emiko looks at her photo album of family pictures, she feels homesick.
homesick(adj)-
feel nostalgic, miss your home
I
feel very homesick.
DIFFERENT
MEANING
Whenever
Emiko feels homesick, she looks at her photo album of family pictures.
Emiko
looks at her photo album of family pictures whenever she feels homesick.
Whenever
he drinks water, he spills it all over himself like a kid.
Sarah
goes snowboarding whenever she can. Every chance she gets, she goes.
He
sings while he drives. simple present- usual action, habitual action
He is
singing while he is driving. present progressive- happening right now
*if- maybe yes,
maybe no, not certain
Sarah will go to the party if she is free.
We will go to the park if it is sunny.
no comma
If it is sunny, we will go to the
park. comma
FUNNY IDIOM If
my grandmother had wheels, she would be a wagon.
‘If’ is a big word. It is easy to say than
to do.
Let’s choose vocab to review for the quiz
tomorrow:
time- after, before, ever since,
since, until, when, whenever,
while
place- wherever
condition - if,
even if, provided that, unless
manner- as,
as if, though, although, even though, so ... that
cause- because,
since
purpose- in
order that, in order to, so that,
10 adverb clause words
1. ever
since
2. since
3. until
4. while
5. when
6. whenever
7. after/before
8. if
9. because
10.
unless
10 vocabulary words
1. party
2. vacation
3. complain
4. beaver
5. football
6. weather
7. interview
8. encourage
9. job
10.
opportunity
1. until weather
Let’s wait until the weather gets better.
COMPLEX SENT- ADV CL
1. unless
job
I can’t afford a new phone unless I get a
job.
since/ ever since
*even if – different meaning than ‘if’
the result does not depend on the situation
A does not depend on B
A
B
Sarah will not go to the party even if
she is free.
Sarah will not go to the party if she is busy.
You cannot have any more candy even if you
ask me a million times.
Even if I hate winter, I have to deal with /
live with it.
Even if it’s challenging, you still have to
learn English.
I will not buy you that toy even if you cry
and make a fuss.
We will go to the park even if it is raining.
COMPLEX
You have to do your homework even if you are
tired.
ALTERNATIVE despite the NOUN
We will go to the park despite the rain. SIMPLE
I bought new Fleuvog boots despite the cost.
regardless of the NOUN
We will go to the park regardless of the
rain. SIMPLE
Mei will buy a new iPhone regardless of the
cost.
I will keep learning English despite the
difficulties/obstacles/ challenges.
I will keep learning English regardess
of the challenges.
I like living in Canada despite the
difficulties.
I like living in Canada regardless of the
difficulties.
I have to go to work regardless of the
weather.
My son is playing in a volleyball tournament
despite his knee injury.
I have to speak despite my language
barrier/shyness.
We will always worry about our children
despite/regardless of their age.
Little kids, little problems. Big kids, big
problems.
I will not buy you this toy even if you cry
and yell and throw yourself on the floor.
I will buy a new phone if I can afford it.
Will I buy a new phone? YES/NO
I will not buy a new phone even if I can
afford it. Will I buy a new phone? NO
Mei will marry Joe even if her mother is not
happy about it.
Mei will marry Joe despite her mother’s
opinion/misgivings.
* even though – the situation is true, not
conditional
* even if – maybe YES, maybe NO, conditional
Sheila will not go to the party even
though she was invited.
Will she go? NO Was she invited? YES
Sheila will not go to the party even if
she is invited.
Will she go? NO
Was she invited? Uncertain.
Sarah will go kayaking even if it is
raining.
Will she go kayaking? YES Is it raining?
MAYBE
Sarah will go kayaking even though it is
raining.
Will she go kayaking? YES Is it raining? YES
TRICKY NEW WORDS – if even if
even though
Even though she is sick today, she still
went to work.
Did she go to work? YES Is she sick? YES
Even if she is sick, she still goes to work.
Even if she is sick today, she will still go
to work.
Will she go to work? YES Is she sick? MAYBE
*provided that – ‘if’ for important things
Let’s grab some coffee if you’re
free. – not important
grab some coffee- (casual) have some coffee
You can change your career provided that
you have made a good plan.
- sounds important
You can go to UBC if/provided that
you have the prereqs. (prerequisite courses)
provided that – makes it sound important
You can choose when to use it.
going to the beach? if
getting married? provided that
immigrating to a new country? provided that
getting some ice cream? if
sandwich or burger? if
having an operation? provided that
e.g. Doug can get his knee replacement
provided that he loses 60 pounds.
IMPORTANT: You can’t learn all of these in
two days. Just pick one or two at a time and focus on them. Practice. Sometimes
people bite off more than they can chew.
IDIOM people bite off more than they can
chew – try to do too much at once
*unless – changes the situation, opposite of
‘if’ ‘provided that’
Let’s grab some coffee if you’re free.
USAGE- grab – to eat or drink casually, e.g.
quick lunch
Let’s grab some lunch.
I’m going to grab a snack. Give me a minute.
Let’s grab some coffee if you’re free.
Let’s grab some coffee unless you’re busy.
Sarah will go to the beach if it is nice
on Saturday.
Sarah will go to the beach unless it is
rainy on Saturday.
Please try a cookie if you can eat wheat.
Please try a cookie unless you are gluten
intolerant.
gluten intolerant- can’t eat wheat flour
lactose intolerant – cannot digest lactose
Let’s take a raincheck on coffee if you are
busy. (idiom)
IDIOM take a raincheck – we will do it
later, postpone
STORE sale- No rainchecks!
Let’s go for a hike this Saturday.
Oh, I can’t. Can I take a raincheck?
Do you want to go for a walk today?
I have a doctor’s appointment. Can I take a
raincheck?
Doctor’s assistant: Can you come next
Wednesday at 3?
You: I have to take a raincheck. I’m
busy. I’m already booked. How about Thursday at 2?
* even though = although = though (casual,
good for talking, not great for writing)
although
Joe watches his daughter play soccer even
though / although he is not into sports.
You study English even though you’re not
really into it.
IDIOM to be into something- to enjoy it
Jun is really into Pokemon.
Dave is playing with his kids even though he
has a lot of work to do.
I like the weather even though/ although/
though it is very hot.
TWO DIFFERENT WAYS
I like the weather although it is very hot.
Although it is very hot, I like the weather.
I enjoy English class even though it is a
little boring sometimes.
* so ... that … ellipsis …English
…… Not English!
so ADJECTIVE that
Jun is so tall that she has trouble
buying pants.
Yesterday was so hot that Mike sat
inside of his refrigerator.
Yesterday was so cold that even the
dog wouldn’t go out.
The math is so hard that Mohammed has
to get a tutor.
The kitten is so small that you can
hold it in the palm of your hand.
Sarah is so tired that she is nodding
off in the meeting.
IDIOM nodding off- falling asleep
drooling- water coming out of your mouth
Butter drools when he watches me eat supper.
SAME MEANING- DIFFERENT STYLE
Because Jun is so tall, she has
trouble buying pants.
The iphone 13 is so expensive that I
can’t afford it. COMPLEX- adverb clause
He did this test so well that he got a good
score. he got %100.
Houses are so expensive that most people
cannot afford to buy one.
He is so kind that everybody likes him.
Your mother is so kind that all the kids
love to come over to your house.
He is so happy that he got a promotion.
He is so happy that he is grinning from ear
to ear.
IDIOM smiling from ear to ear
The cookies were so good that I ate four of
them.
CONFUSING
‘, so’
and ‘so ... that’ are not the same thing.
, so COMPOUND
so... that COMPLEX
CONTINUE TOMORROW
DIFFERENT MEANINGS so that so...that
*in order to -to make something happen
In order to pass the class, you have do pass
all your quizzes and tests.
In order to make bread, you need flour,
water, eggs, salt, and yeast.
Junko is finishing her Math 12 and English
12 in order to graduate.
*in order that- NOT COMMONLY USED, use ‘in
order to’ instead
Junko is finishing her Math 12 and English
12 in order that she can graduate.
so that
= in order to
Sarah is saving money so that she can
afford an iphone 13.
DIFFERENT THAN , so
Sarah wants to get an iphone 13, so she is
saving her money. COMPOUND
***NOTE: CONFUSION , so
so that so...that
These terms and words can change the way you
express yourself in English. They can really help you express your thoughts and
ideas clearly and precisely. They are very powerful tools, and you can learn to
use them.
SIDE NOTE: I have a small editing business
on the side. I edit papers for UBC and SFU students, mostly nursing students
who are getting their masters degrees. When I edit a paper for a university, I
use SIMPLE, COMPOUND and COMPLEX sentences.
The stuff we are learning here will get you
through school.
Focus on these most useful ones:
after/before
since
until
when/while
if
even if
unless
though/although/even though
so ... that
because
If you would like to send a few examples for
HW, please do. We can share them tomorrow.
e.g. however/although - similar meanings,
different usage, different grammar, different different types of sentences
Your
challenge is to figure them out.
*however COMPOUND It is very cold today; however, we
have to go to school.
*although COMPLEX- ADV CL We have to go to school
although it is very cold today.
*
Compound sentence – transitional term
It
snowed last night; therefore, the roads were slick this morning.
*
Complex sentence – adverbial conjunction (adverb clause words)
The
roads were slick this morning because it snowed last night.
Because
it snowed last night, the roads were slick this morning.
These
are different kinds of sentences. They may look similar, but they are not.
Definitely you will get them confused sometimes.
Very
simple advice to you and to me:
If
you want to learn piano, play piano a little bit every day. In a year, you’ll
be good.
If
you want to learn piano to write sentence styles in English, play
piano
practice the sentence styles a little bit every day. In a year, you’ll be good.
Put
it in your phone calendar as a gentle reminder.
When
your English is getting better, you will feel great! However, you have to do
the work.
If
you learn these, you will be able to express 99.9% of your ideas.
EXAMPLE USAGES: so too very more
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