EF56 Finish First Nations lecture notes, compound sentences ;

 

 

·      Scientists- science-

archeology- study of ancient humans, ancient civilations

Archeological theories about origins of First Nations

These are rough dates. Scientific knowledge  is developing all the time.

 

·      200 000 years ago, Homo Sapiens in Africa

·      60 000 years ago, humans leave Africa

50 000 years ago reach Australia

·      Second wave

35 000 years ago reach Middle East and Central Asia

·      40 000 years ago into Europe

·      25 000 years ago- Ice Age, ice bridge between Russia and Alaska

·      15 000 years ago humans cross The Bering Strait into North America

·      Show video “Map Shows How Humans Migrated Across the Globe” (2m30s)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJdT6QcSbQ0&list=RDCJdT6QcSbQ0&start_radio=1

 

·      Explore website, LCD http://firstpeoplesofcanada.com/fp_groups/fp_groups_origins.html

 

MAYBE VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M43TYldfqzc (4m-13m)

 

Oldest footprints

https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/oldest-footprints-north-america-1.6187978

 

·      First Nations reactions to these scientific theories

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-indigenous-communities-react-to-the-resurfacing-of-two-migration-theories-1.4479632

Listen to audio (9m) EXCELLENT

 

·      Another article about Salutrian/Ice Bridge debate

http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/ancient-toddler-s-remains-re-ignite-native-origins-debate-1.2534423

 

 

CONTACT  - when the first European came to North America

·      1492 – Christopher Columbus

·      European people came to North American in lager groups in 1500s

·      cooperation- settlers dying of scurvy, lack of Vitamin C

long-standing problem for sailors

limey, pine needle tea

 

·      Work through timeline

https://aboriginalconnections.wordpress.com/teacher-resources/bc-first-nations-historical-timeline/

 

·      European settlers wanted the land that First Nations lived on.

·      Put First Nations on Reservations all over Canada

·      Many First Nations used to be nomadic, travel, no set home

incompatible with Western life

·      Reservations often very poor land, poverty

 

·      Blanket ceremony- https://www.kairoscanada.org/what-we-do/indigenous-rights/blanket-exercise

 

·      European settlers to North America pushed First Nations out of their land and forced them to live on Reservations

·      Next step was Residential schools

a way to get rid of First Nations culture

·      Between the 1860s and 1990s more than 150,000 First Nations, Inuit, and Métis children were required to attend Indian Residential Schools, institutions operated by religious organizations funded by the Federal Government.

·      The Canadian government removed First Nation children from their families and communities and placed them in these institutions.

·      The families didn’t have a choice.

·      Many children were inadequately fed, clothed and housed, and many were abused, physically, emotionally and sexually. Their languages and cultural practices were prohibited.

 

·      This is where the unmarked graves come from. These are children who died while in the schools.

There are so many questions about how this happened.

How did this happen?

How did these children die?

Why?

How could this have happened in Canada?

 

** The intention of the Residential Schools was to break the link between the children and their culture and families. The children were being trained to be workers, i.e. maids, labourers, cleaners.

So mant children dies because they were not cared for properly and often abused.

 

·      https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/duncan-campbell-scott

 

 

OTHER RESOURCES

http://www.fnesc.ca/learningfirstpeoples/

 

https://www.ece.gov.nt.ca/files/Early-Childhood/ns_-_residential_schools_resource_-_second_edition.pdf

 

http://www.fnesc.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/PUB-LFP-IRSR-11-12-Pt1-2015-07-WEB.pdf

 

http://www.fnesc.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/PUB-LFP-IRSR11-12-DE-Pt2-2015-07-WEB.pdf

 

http://www.fnesc.ca/grade-11-12-indian-residential-schools-and-reconciliation/

 

 

 

·      VIDEO “Where Are the Children? Healing the Legacy of the Residential Schools”

https://vimeo.com/27172950 (25m)

 

 

GO OVER THIS WEBSITE ON LCD

·      http://www.anishinabek.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/An-Overview-of-the-IRS-System-Booklet.pdf

 

·      Introduction to Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Residential Schools

 

·      National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation

Opening ceremony:

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/national-centre-truth-reconciliation-winnipeg-1.3301305

 

·      EXPLORE Website:

http://umanitoba.ca/nctr/

 

GOOD PLACE TO START

·      http://wherearethechildren.ca/en

Explore together

Walk through Timeline

 

* Choose one of the stories. Listen or read the transcript.

 

 

Didn’t this happen long ago in the past?

The last Residential School closed in 1996.

 

intergenerational trauma – the suffering and pain is passed down to the next generation

 

 

NOTE: I am not an expert on this. I know what I know from listening to survivors of Residential Schools. I have been fortunate to listen to many survivors of Residential Schools. Also I read books about this.

Please take what I told you as a starting point. You can read and learn more on your own.

 

 

Great hope for the future. e.g. Mamilaaq Qaqqaq.

 

 

 

 

LOTS OF RESOURCES

 

Telling Our Twisted History https://overcast.fm/+uV32D9Icg

 

SURVIVOR TESTIMONY:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjrZpCJtNYk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vn6jbkPgTzM

 

·      Distribute “ConnieWalkerQuestions”, p.c.

LISTEN (13m56s)

http://www.cbc.ca/radio/backstory/connie-walker-and-the-first-hand-legacy-of-residential-schools-1.3359153

OR

http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2680244159/

OR

“ConnieWalker.mp3”

 

Students listen and make notes

Afterward, get into small groups and compare notes.

Discuss as a class.                            

 

·      Indian Horse Ch 11-12

 

·      LISTEN to poem “MONSTER”, p.c. (3m,16s)

https://soundcloud.com/cbc-radio-one/i-hate-you-residential-school

OR

http://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/apr-3-2014-1.2908353/monster-by-poet-dennis-saddleman-i-hate-you-residential-school-i-hate-you-1.2908356

 

 

·      Highlights from TRC:

http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/15/highlights-from-the-report-of-the-truth-and-reconciliation-commission-report_n_8812426.html

 

·      “MyLittleResidentialSchoolSuitcase”, p.c.

Read aloud, discuss

 

·      Explain Gord Downey

The Sacred Path

https://www.downiewenjack.ca/

 

 

·      “colonialism”, p.c.

 

·      “My Moccasins Have Not Walked” work and student poem

 

 

·      “’Totem’ Module”

 

·      Rita Joe “I Lost My Talk”

·      “Two-Spirit” “Chrytos”

 

·      “Unentitled” from here:

http://www.sfu.ca/lovemotherearth/02poetry/tea_and_bannock.pdf

 

 

 

Appropriation of First Nations culture

·      Explain meaning of ‘cultural appropriation’

Gucci turban

·      Talk about 2015 Miss Canada dress

https://natalieast.com/miss-universe-canadas-national-costume-cultural-appropriation/

Show pics “Miss Canada 1,2”

 

Other examples of a appropriation of First Nations culture- music festivals

Show pics “Headdress1,2,3” “Costume1”

 

Show video “Headdress- A filmmaker recreates her great-grandfather’s portrait” (5m,43s)

 

·      http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-women-searches-for-stolen-regalia-prince-george-1.4692057

 

 

 

The future of FN

 

https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/youth-incarcerated-indigenous-half-1.4720019

 

 

“ForthisArcticstudent”, p.c. “JasmineKegel”pic

 

 

http://www.cbc.ca/radio/nowornever/out-with-the-old-1.4470167/indigenous-releasing-ceremony-treats-trauma-and-mental-health-issues-1.4475378

 

http://www.cbc.ca/radio/thesundayedition/the-sunday-edition-january-7-2018-1.4474395/meet-the-brave-women-patrolling-regina-s-toughest-neighbourhood-1.4474407

Examples of compound sentences

It is Orange Shirt Day tomorrow, so we are talking about Residential schools in class today.

It is Orange Shirt Day tomorrow; therefore, we are talking about Residential schools in class today.

It is Orange Shirt Day tomorrow; accordingly, we are talking about Residential schools in class today.

*These have the same meaning, so you have some choices now.

Try one that you haven’t used before.

I forgot to wear my orange shirt; as a result, I feel a little embarassed.

Marge did well in her math class; as a result, she feels really confident about her next class.

 

Joe went to the beach, but it was too cold to swim.

Joe went to the beach; however, it was too cold to swim.

 

Tomorrow, you stay home and relax, or you can go out somewhere with your family or friends.

Tomorrow, you stay home and relax; on the other hand, you can go out somewhere with your family or friends.

Sarah didn’t want to take English 11; instead, she took Math 11.

Taka did not buy a new suit; instead, he bought a new bicycle.

Taka did not buy a new suit; instead, he went to Value Village.

 

Value Village – used old clothes, second-hand clothes, old or vintage,

thrift store

 

 

 

EF34 paragraph, modals, First Nations

 

 Today’s agenda:

·      Review Test#1- paragraph

Topic sentences

Format

Word count

 

·      Modal verbs

·      Continue with “Residential Schools”

·      IF TIME Begin complex sentences

 

 

Wednesday

·      Continue with First Nations

·      Continue with complex sentences

 

Thursday- No school

·      National Day for Truth and Reconcilation

·       

 

Friday

·      Begin descriptive writing

 

 

 

Narrative paragraph

100-150 words

Indent

One paragraph- one block of writing

 

Begin with a topic sentence- refers to the question

Choice of two topics:

1. Write about a good time that you had with your family.

2.What would you do if you had a day off all to yourself?

 

Begin with a topic sentence.- refer directly to the topic that you chose

 

Write about a good time that you had with your family.

TS – borrow vocab from the topic or use synonyms

 

I had a really good day with my family on my 25^th birthday.

My relatives and I really enjoyed visiting a famous city in Turkey. It was my best memory of spending time with them.

 

 

NO TOPIC SENTENCE

My family bought me a cake.

 

My family had been prepared a party for me. vf

My family had prepared a party for me. past perfect

English speaker rarely use past perfect. We usually use simple past.

My family had prepared a party for me.

 

My family had been preparing a party for me. past perfect continuous/progressive ‘ing’ verb

My family was preparing a party for me.

 

My advice#6: Forget about past perfect.

 

present perfect – commonly used

-started in the past, goes until now

Allison has lived in Vancouver for five years.      

Allison has lived in Vancouver since five years 2016.

‘for’ ‘since’ prepositions

 

present perfect continuous/progressive ‘ing’ – also commonly used

Allison has lived in Vancouver for five years.

Allison has been living in Vancouver for five years.                                                                                        

Allison has been living in Vancouver since five years 2016.

- they are really very similar, use either one

 

Dan has studied nursing for three years.

Dan has been studying nursing for three years.

 

You have been doing yoga for six months.

You have done yoga for six months.

Which one sounds better to you?

‘ing’ sounds more active?

 

Baraa has been doing weightlifting for four months.

Baraa has been weightlifting for four months.

 

We have studied together since September 8^th.

We have been studying together since September 8^th.

 

 

**Good rule for writing numbers: one two three four five six seven eight nine ten

11 12 45 68

She has two kids.

She has 15 kids.

He has two kids.

He has 2 kids. doesn’t look as good

 

dates:

September 28^th

1^st

14^th

22^nd

 

My brother helped me to solve a big trouble in my life. ww

My brother helped me to solve a big problem/challenge in my life.

countable words- I have three problems. I have a lot of trouble.

 

October 22^nd

October 22

October twenty second

October twenty two  XXX

 

July 11^th

August 1^st

August 3^rd

 

third   - sird, fird  pronunciation

 

 

 

Modals/ Modal Auxiliaries

Modals are auxiliaries verbs like can, could, may, might, must, should.  will, and would.  They are used with other verbs to express ability, obligation, possibility, invitation, permission, necessity, or requests. Below is a list of the most useful modals and their most common meanings:

 

Modal        Meaning                               Example

can             to express ability                  I can speak English very well.

can             to request permission           Can I go to Foundations 4?

could         to express ability                  I could help you tomorrow.

could         to express possibility           She could be an Olympian.

may           to express possibility           I may be late for class.

may           to request permission           May I take the test again, please?

might         to express possibility           She might call you later.

must          to express obligation            I must leave at 4 o’clock.

must          to express strong belief        You must be kidding!

should       to give advice                       You should go to the doctor.

will            to show future                      I will not drive my car today.

would        to request or offer                Would you prefer a tea or coffee?

would        in if-sentences                      If I were you, I would complain.

shall – Nobody uses ‘shall’.

fancy and polite invitation to do something “Shall we ...?”

really sound nice, classy

“Shall we take our 10-minute break?”

 

 

modal + infinitive –‘to’

can + to eat

I /He/ The dog can eat whenever we get home.

 

I can ate two pieces of pizza.

I can eating two pieces of pizza.

I can eat two pieces of pizza.

 

 

can sleep

can fix

can drive

 

will sleep

will fix

will drive

 

 

There are also two-word modals:

had better – should

I should feed my dog.  I had better feed my dog.

You had better turn off the TV if you are trying to study.

I had better drink more water.

 

have to- must

You have to phone your school today.

I have to pick up son on time today.

 

ought to- should

I ought to apologize to my daughter when I get home.

I ought to get my hair cut. It looks like a mop. It is a birds’ nest.

 

used to – past activity, don’t do anymore

I used to be a student.

Mary used to do yoga.

She used to smoke.

Rahim used to own a restaurant in Iran.

Mei used to be a math teacher in China.

Junko used to live in Japan, but now she lives in Canada.

 

There are also three-word modals:

be able to – can

Maria is able to pick up the kids today.

 

be going to -will

I am going to go to Victoria this weekend.

We are going to eat out tomorrow.

 

be supposed to -should/have to, expectation

Joe is supposed to finish that job today.

 

have got to- must STRONG, have to VERY STRONG

You have got to turn off the stove.

You have got to take your medication.

You have got to lock the front door.

 

 

Exercises: Choose appropriate modals for each:

 

1.   I didn’t feel very well yesterday.  I couldn’t eat anything.

2.   You should/must/have to look at me when I am talking to you.

 

You should look at this flower.

You should to look at this flower. XXX vf

 

 

should   shouldn’t= should not  ’ apostrophe

 

3.   I was using my pencil a minute ago.  It _____ be here somewhere!

4.   You really _____ be late again.

5.   If you don’t start working harder, you _____ repeat the course next year.

6.   Phone her now.  She _____ be home by now.

7.   You _____ forget your sunscreen.  It’s going to be very hot!

8.   I _____ be able to help you, but I’m not sure yet.

9.   Mozart _____ play the piano beautifully as a child.

10.                 I really _____ try to get fit.

11.                 _____ I take a photograph of you?

12.                 Students _____ borrow up to 15 books at any time.

13.                 Whose bag is this?  I don’t know, but it _____ belong to Yuta.

14.                 _____ I go to the bathroom, please?

15.                 His excuse _____ be true, but I don’t believe it.

16.                 _____ you speak French?  Only a few words, but my Russian is pretty good.

17.                 _____ you help me move this table?

18.                 I _____ help you, but I don’t want to.

19.                 _____ you open the window, please.

20.                 I _____ move the table.  It was too heavy.

21.                 You _____ eat so much chocolate.  It’s not good for you.

22.                 I’m afraid I _____ play tennis tomorrow.  I’ve got a dentist appointment.

 

 

 

 

Residential Schools

 

Aboriginal People

First Nations 12,000 years, possibly much longer- close to 22,000 years

 

 

His objective is to open his own restaurant.

 

assimilate – change in order to fit in – language, culture

 

Lecture notes for First Nations

 

·      Starting in May 2021

·      Unmarked graves of First Nations have been found on the grounds of old Residential Schools, 315? in Kamloops

·      over 1300 so far, probably hundreds and hundreds, thousands more across Canada

·      Residential Schools all across Canada

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/residential-schools-in-canada-interactive-map

·      Organized by the Canadian government, run by the churches, paid for by the federal government

·      150 000 First Nations kids were forcibly taken away from their families to Residential Schools from 1860s to 1990s.

 

·      Focus of BC new curriculum- First Nations

First Nations ways of knowing, culture, history in Canada

e.g. First Peoples English 12

 

·      My school experiences- none of the history, social studies, was about First Nations

The focus was on Europeans, settlers, White men in Canada

male-centred, Euro-centred

 

·      lots of First Nations kids in my school, segregated

seemed normal

 

·      racism towards First Nations people “Indians”

dismissive, belittling, negative stereotypes

 

 

** Maybe tell these stories

·      policy at my university – have to finish your degree in seven years

student/ professor –led initiative to change it to 10 yrs

 

·      racism against First Nations – BCTF AGM story

700 teachers

“equity-seeking groups” wanted representation

 

Overview - introduction

·      First Nations -Who they are?

·      Small groups

“What do you know about First Nations people in Canada?”

Generate ideas on LCD

 

·      First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples constitute Indigenous Peoples in Canada, also called First Peoples. Also called Aboriginal.

First Nations came into common usage in the 1980s to replace the term ‘Indians’ Native

 

·      Talk about origin of the word ‘Indian’ due to geographical misunderstanding

 

·      First Nations- Indigenous people in the South (below Arctic Circle). Half of all First Nations bands are in Ontario and BC.

·      Inuit are the Indigenous people who live in the North. Used to be called ‘Eskimo’- disparaging term from French Esquimaux, from Montagnais ayas̆kimew ‘person who laces a snowshoe’. Montagnais, or Innu, are the Indigenous inhabitants of an area they refer to as Nitassinan, which comprises most of the northeastern portion of the present-day province of Quebec and some eastern portions of Labrador.

Discredited etymology ‘raw fish eater’

Website: https://www.itk.ca/about-canadian-inuit/#nunangat

Show map: “Inuit Map”

·      Metis a person of mixed Indigenous and European ancestry

1600s and 1700s - Fur trading European men came to hunt animals, like beavers

In particular one of a group of such people who in the 19th century constituted the so-called Metis nation in the areas around the Red and Saskatchewan rivers. Metis comes from the French word ‘métis’, which means ‘mixed’.