Good afternoon.
Today’s agenda:
1. Continue with Sentence combining
coordination and subordination
2. Citations, quoting
Tomorrow – Test Paragraph on general topic
Today’s picture is of Joffre Lake, BC.
Sentence combining
* coordination – sentence elements at the same level
compound sentences , SOBA ;TRANS,
* subordination - sentence elements at different levels
complex sentences - adv. cl
- adj. cl.
- n cl.
Examples from yesterday’s work:
1. Usually it comes in many colours outside and inside because the outside is yellow, and the inside is grayish black.
It comes in many colours outside and inside; usually, the outside is yellow, and the inside is grayish black.
From Paragraph Patterns, Averback and Snyder
Sentence Combining Sheet 2
Example:
a. Katherine woke up.
b. The alarm clock rang loudly at 7:00 A.M.
When the alarm clock rang loudly at 7:00A.M., Katherine woke up.
1. a. David and Peter went on a camping trip.
b. They went to the White Mountains in New Hampshire.
c. They went in June.
David and Peter went to the White Mountains for a camping trip. SIMPLE
David and Peter went to the White Mountains in New Hampshire for a camping trip in July. SIMPLE string of prepositional phrases
I planted a tree in my backyard beside the garage next to the fence in the back.
2. a. They checked all their equipment.
b. They got into the car for the long ride to the mountains.
c. After they checked all their equipment, they got into the car for a long ride to the mountains. COMPLEX – adv clause string of prep ph
d. They checked all their equipment and got into the car for the long ride to the mountain. SIMPLE SVV
e. They checked all their equipment, and they got into the car for the long ride to the mountain. (compound)
f. They checked all their equipment; then they got into the car for the long ride to the mountain. (compound)
3. a. They arrived at the campground in the late afternoon.
b. They set up camp near a small stream.
a. While When they arrived at the campground in the late afternoon, they set up camp near a small stream. COMPLEX – adv cl
b. They arrived at the campground in the late afternoon and set up camp near a small stream. SIMPLE
c. They arrived at the campground in the late afternoon, and they
set up camp near a small stream. COMPOUND
d. They set up camp at the campground near a small stream in the late afternoon. SIMPLE
AUTHENTIC-SOUNDING
After they arrived at the campground in the late afternoon, they set up camp near a small stream.
After arriving at the campground in the late afternoon, they set up camp near a small stream.
Having arrived at the campground in the late afternoon, they set up camp near a small stream.
Having studied English for ten years, Michele is a very good speaker.
4. a. David put up the tent.
b. Peter cooked supper over the fire.
a. While David put up the tent, Peter cooked supper over the fire.
while – things happening at the same time
b. Peter cooked supper over the fire; also, David put up the tent. COMPOUND
Peter cooked supper over the fire; at the same time, David put up the tent. COMPOUND
Peter cooked supper over the fire; meanwhile, David put up the tent.
Peter cooked supper over the fire; simultaneously, David put up the tent.
c. David put up the tent, and Peter cooked supper over the fire. COMPOUND
5. a. They crawled into their sleeping bags at sunset.
b. They became nervous.
c. They began to hear animal noises.
a. They crawled into their sleeping bags at sunset, and they became
nervous because they began to hear animal noises. COMPOUND COMPLEX
b. They crawled into their sleeping bags at sunset and became
nervous because they began to hear animal noises. COMPLEX
c. They crawled into their sleeping bags at sunset; after that, they began to hear animal noises and became nervous. COMPOUND
d. They crawled into their sleeping bags at sunset and became nervous after they began to hear animal noises. COMPLEX
Finish these for homework:
6. a. Peter wanted to get up and go to the car.
b. David said it would be better Just to go to sleep.
7. a. They got up at sunrise.
b. They got .up before the other campers.
c. They made a hearty breakfast.
8. a. David and Peter prepared for a long hike.
b. It was their first hike.
c. They decided to go to the top of Mount Madison.
9. a. They began the climb.
b. It started to rain.
c. They decided to go home.
Citations, quoting text
borrow text form another resource
copy – plagiarism, stealing, theft
I didn’t know. It was only a little bit.
borrow the right way “ “
borrow a few words from the story
put them in “ “ quotation marks
Rosa Parks was just a regular person, but when she refused to “relinquish her seat” (Wikipedia) on that day, she set off a movement for civil rights.
incorporate a few quoted words into our sentence
All through high school, college, university, etc., you will be doing this.
research and citations
Your college and university papers will include dozens and dozens of citations.
A high school essay is about 300 words.
A university paper is a long piece of academic writing, 10 pages to 20 pages. You will have a few weeks usually to finish a paper.
The professor will give you a topic to write about. You go to the library and read everything you can find about it: books, articles, online.
Digest that material. Create a long list of evidence and citations.
Write your paper.
You will be spending dozens and dozens of hours doing this.
I have a small business where I proofread and edit papers for university students. Some of my customers just want another pair of eyes to proofread their writing. Other customers need a lot of help.
Tomorrow we practice some quoting “”. We will use “Roses Sing on New Snow.” Reread it so it fresh in your mind.
