EF5/6 adjective clauses

who that which
-who - people
-that - everything - people (not very personal sounding)
-which - things, special things, unique things


The woman who lives next door to me is very friendly.
I saw a man on TV that/who could juggle six balls. Confusing?
I saw a man that/who could juggle six ball on TV. The meaning is clearer.
Tokyo which is the capital of Japan is a big city. UNIQUE, VERY SPECIAL

Kyoto, which is a beautiful city, used to be the capital of Japan.

Kyoto - kyo to, to kyo 

Edo - Tokyo

Vancouver - Couvervan

,xxxx,  


Common error:
My sister lives in Halifax who is an office manager. XXX, adjective clause is in the wrong place, describing the wrong thing


Same meaning?
My sister who is an office manager lives in Halifax.
My sister, who is an office manager, lives in Halifax.
Different meanings.

,  adj cl,  - not essential information, extra information, not necessary for us to understand the sentence 

My sister, who is an office manager, lives in Halifax.
My sister lives in Halifax.

Tokyo, which is the capital of Japan, is a big city.
Tokyo is a big city.

Kyoto, which is a beautiful city, used to be the capital of Japan.

I go to South Hill Education Centre, which is on Fraser Street.
Let's meet at the Starbucks which is on Main and 12th. necessary information

He ate a sandwich. he - subject   sandwich - object

Subject pronouns
The cat that has white paws is cute.
that has white paws - that is a subject pronoun

Object pronouns
The cat that I played with is cute.
that I played with - that is an object pronoun

The car that is parked in front of the bank is old. subject pronoun

The car that I bought last year is old. object pronoun

The car that I bought last year is old. normally delete the object pronoun
The car I bought last year is old.

The cat that has white paws is cute. can't delete
The cat that I played with is cute. delete
The cat I played with is cute.

Your choice:

The cat that I played with is cute.
The cat I played with is cute. Authentic, real, natural-sounding English

The woman who lives next door to me is very friendly. Delete? No.
The woman who I was talking to is very friendly.
Delete? Yes, we can if we want to.

The woman whom I was talking to is very friendly. 'whom' - Forget about 'whom'
'whom' not used normally

One exception:
To whom it may concern:

- when you are writing to someone, but you don't know who it is

Advice: 'whom' is not used normally by English speakers, very formal- wedding invitation, talking to the queen

The woman whom I was speaking to was very helpful. Formal sounding
The woman to whom I was speaking was very helpful. Extremely formal sounding
The woman I was speaking to was very helpful. authentic, real English

EF5/6 adjective clauses

clauses-
main-
subordinate-


3 kinds of subordinate clauses

adjective clauses
who, that, which

adverb clauses
because, if, when, since, whenever, ever since, as long as
"Joan goes to bed early when she is feeling sick."

noun clauses
verbs - say, feel, think, believe, understand
"Maria thinks that it will rain tomorrow."


adjective clauses
adjective - descriptive word - colour, shape, size, numbers? (noun acting as an adjective), origin, material, 

Order of adjectives in English:

Opinion	Size	Age	Shape	Colour	Origin	Material	Purpose

This a very expensive gold wedding ring.
She is wearing an antique red sweater.
He bought a round yellow plastic plate.


She is wearing an antique sweater. She got it from her grandma. 2 simple sentences

She is wearing an antique sweater that she got from her grandma. adjective clause

who - people
that - everything- people, animals or things
which - things, unique things (only one)

Joe's sister who is a nurse plays soccer. S+V

sentence with an adjective clause  2 SV

Joe's sister who is a nurse. XXX fragment

Joe's sister is a nurse. SIMPLE
Joe's sister who is a nurse plays soccer. COMPLEX -ADJ CL

that
I bought a table. It is made of cherry wood.
I bought a table that is made of cherry wood.
The table that I bought is made of cherry wood.

which
Paris which is the capital of France is a beautiful city at night. which - unique

I come from Cape Breton Island which is a beautiful island in Nova Scotia.

Eng 12 Narrative writing

Thesis statement in the introduction- essential
- without it the essay has no direction
- expectation


Prewriting- before any sentence
plan, brainstorming,

1. List - key words, don't judge, 
2. Mindmap -
3. Freewriting -

Don't panic! Stay cool. Relax.

Prime the pump. There will be water.

You don't have time for a rewrite/ good copy.
Pass in your rough copy. Messy is ok.

EF5/6 Letter writing ideas

666 Your Street

Vancouver, BC

V5P 2B6

November 1, 2018

Joe Chan

Director, Shaw Communications

123 Cordova Street

Vancouver, BC

V5K 2D2

Re: Reference # 4722859   (Re- regarding)

Robin Smith

Hui Yu Chen Mr? Mrs?

Dear Grandma,

Sarah Chen

Dear Mr. Chen:

Dear Mrs. Smith:

Dear Ms. Smith:

Dear Miss Smith:

Dear Mme Benoit:

To Mr. Chan: sounds cold

To Sarah Chen:

Dear Sarah:   colon is formal, first name is casual

NOT AS GOOD- impersonal

Dear Sir or Madam,

To whom it may concern, (reference letter)

To my dear former and current patients,

Dear Sir,

Dear Sir Chan

Dear Madam Smith,

Dear Teacher Haley,

Dear Teacher,

My Dear Teacher,

too submissive

Dear Professor Mahed,

honorific, title – Mr, Mrs, Professor, Doctor, teacher, President, Prime Minister, Vice-President, Chancellor, Father, Captain, Lieutenant, Sergeant, Officer, manager, Sheriff, Mayor, MP, MLA, Principal, Senator, Queen, King, Prince, Princess

NO INDENT

Thank for meeting with me yesterday to discuss…kjjh wlkefkwnfn wkejfnwjwen wlfjh fkjkwefnli fowief welfwe wefhw fkjehf wfhwjf wefhjw wefkjwhkwkjweh fkwhfkw wkfkwjehf wekjhwefkw efkwjehfkjwe wefkjwehkw wekfjwhfw fekwjehfw fwkjfhkw wekjhwef wkwjhfkjw wkejfhwekfh wefkjwhf wkefjhwek wkfjwhef wefkwefn.

SKIP A LINE BETWEEN PARAGRAPHS

Ghhd dhdhdh dhddj d jdjdjd  djdjdjd  djdjdjd djdjdj.

Yours truly,

Yours,

Sincerely,

Yours sincerely,

Best regards,

Regards,

Respectfully, (talking to someone higher in the business than you)

Kind regards,

Thank you,

PERSONAL

Sincerely yours,

Yours sincerely,

Faithfully,

EF5/6 Main and subordinate clauses

main clauses

subordinate clauses

To make sentences, you need clauses.

clause - group of words with a subject and a verb
"It is not snowing today."
"Maria doesn't like snow."
"Because it is slippery."


main clause - sentence by itself, complete thought
independent clause - independent - doesn't need help, ok by itself
"It is not snowing today."
"Maria doesn't like snow."


subordinate clause - not a complete sentence, needs help, only half a sentence
dependent clause - dependent - needs help, can't survive by yourself, on its own
"Because it is slippery." fragment
"Because It is slippery." 
"Maria doesn't like snow because it is slippery."

main and subordinate clauses - independent and dependent


Ex 12

4. unless it stops raining

unless it stops raining

We will go shopping if it stops raining.
We won't go shopping unless it stops raining.

'if' and 'unless' are opposites. With 'unless', one of the verbs has to become negative.

My son will get home tomorrow if they can fly standby.
My son won't get home tomorrow unless they can fly standby.

5. as long as you are sure
as long as - 'if' serious, important

Call me if you want to grab a coffee.
You can marry that woman as long as you love her.
You can buy that video game as long as you keep up with your homework.

7. even though it wasn't the right one
I bought a book for my daughter even though it wasn't the right one.
Even though it wasn't the right one, we still bought the scarf.

9. because you are clever
You can finish your homework by yourself because you are clever.
Because you are clever, I believe you can get a good mark in the Physics 12 exam.

10. if I were as good looking as you
If I were as good looking as you, I would become an actor or a model.
I would try to become an actor if I were as good looking as you.

were - dream, not true, imagining, subjunctive mood

If I were a millionaire, I would buy a solid gold toothbrush.

House rich, cash poor.

For HW, review adjective clauses KME (pp97-99)

Eng12 This American Life podcast

https://www.thisamericanlife.org/541/regrets-ive-had-a-few

Eng12 Delancey Place

https://delanceyplace.com

sign up for a daily email