Comm 11/12 Using Quotations

USING QUOTATIONS
Here are some key points to remember when using quotations:
1) Incorporate quotations into your sentences          
2) Keep quotations to a few words.  Quotations are like salt in food: a little bit gives flavour; too much ruins the dish.

3) Use quoted material to support your points.

support, evidence, proof
4) Don’t use too many quotations.  Pick four or five quotations to support your brainstormed points and leave the rest.
5) Make sure the quoted material is exactly as written in the story.  Use an ellipsis … and square brackets [] to make minor grammatical or stylistic changes.
6) Avoid repeating quotations.
7) After quoting material, go on to explain why the quotation is relevant.

8) Avoid ending paragraphs with quotations.

Comm 12/12 Incorporating quoted material into our writing

super important- college and university

incorporating- citation


How did Rick Hansen prepare for the MiM tour?


"He continued to work on his strength and endurance and continued to compete in athletic events."

not copy it all out in  my answer

Incorporate the most important words or phrase 
Choose a few words
"his strength and endurance"

In order to be ready for the rigours of Man in Motion tour, Rick worked hard to build up "his strength and endurance"(1) so that he would be strong enough to meet the physical and mental challenges that he would face.

Written own sentence- incorporated a few quoted words or a phrase


What do we quote?

"On May 22, 1987..."

Rick |Hansen started his tour on May 22, 1987.

Rick felt "weary" (2) after pushing all day.



... ellipsis

...... NOT ENGLISH

... shows that some words have been removed, edited out
... powerful tool


"thousands of people lined the streets of Vancouver to watch, to cheer and to bear witness as Rick Hansen"

"lined the streets to bear witness"

Huge crowds "lined the streets ... to bear witness"(1) to the start of the Man in Motion tour.

the resulting quotation must be grammatical

Huge crowds "lined ... bear witness"(1) to the start of the Man in Motion tour. XXX

... unimportant words have been cut

"practicing and competing with them while at the same time going to school"



Rick spent all of his time "practicing and competing ... [and] going to school" because he wanted to stay active.

[ ] square brackets


"wheeling a daily average of eighty kilometers, uphill and down, through fair and foul weather"

Everyday, Rick traveled about "eighty kilometers ... through fair and foul weather"(1).


POWERFUL TOOLS- help get you through college
... ellipsis
[ ] square brackets

EF4/5 Adjective clauses

SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
adverb clauses
adjective clauses
noun clauses

adjective clauses
adjective - describe a noun
colour, feelings, shape, taste, cost, material, size

	Opinion	Size	Age	Shape	Colour	Origin	Material	Purpose

Often nouns act as adjectives

a small bedroom
a bookstore

Nouns that act like adjective never take an 's'

a small bedsroom XXX
a small bedroom

a shoes store XXX
a shoestore

She is three years old.
She is a three years old girl. XXX

She is a three-year-old girl.

hyphen -
dash --

This is a two hours class. XXX
This is a two-hour class.

This class is two hours.

This is a 100 dollars phone. XXX
This is a 100-dollar phone.

Maria's vacation was two weeks.
Maria had a two-week vacation.

articles a, an, the


Let's take a ten-minute break.

a group of friends


VERY CONFUSING
A class (of students) is/are studying.
Students (in a class) is/are studying.





ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
who - people
that - everything
which - things

Mary's sister is a nurse. She lives in Calgary.
Mary's sister is a nurse, and she lives in Calgary.

Mary's sister who lives in Calgary is a nurse.
Mary's sister is a nurse who lives in Calgary.
Mary's sister who is a nurse lives in Calgary.

Mary's sister lives in Calgary who is a nurse. XXX

I gave a table to my sister that has three wooden legs. XXX

I gave a table that has three wooden legs to my sister.

The glasses that are on the table are mine.

The glasses are mine that are on the table. XXX

The glasses that are mine are on the table.

The water bottle that is on the table is hers.
The wedding ring which is on the table is hers.

I come from a small town that has a small population.

She comes from Manila which is a huge city.

Her grandmother gave her a book that/which has been in the family for generations.

Her grandmother gave her a book that/which came from the library.

that/which -small detail

This is the pen which Donald Trump gave me.
This is the pen that I gave you.
This is the pen which your son gave you for your birthday.


who that which

whom
Nobody uses whom- not important

Maria is a person who I respect.
who is an object

whom- for objects
Maria is a person whom I respect. VERY FANCY, FORMAL


Maria is a person who I respect.

Writing a letter to an unknown person:

To whom it may concern,

Comm11/12 Mayaan Ziv

https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/wdba8y/common-good-toronto

EF4/5 Adverb clause quiz

4. He turned off the television because the TV show was boring.
5. He turned off the television although/even though/ though the TV show was exciting.

even if  XXX even though - not the same meaning

7. Because Tom had no money, Jack gave him ten dollars.
Tom had no money until/before Jack gave him ten dollars.
Until/before Jack gave Tom ten dollars, Tom had no money.

8.Kelly and Tim ate supper while they listened to music.
Kelly and Tim were eating supper while they were listening to music. MAKES IT VERY CLEAR
Kelly and Tim ate supper after/before they listened to music.

After Kelley and Tim had eaten ate supper, they listened to music.
had eaten - past perfect
No English speakers use past perfect.


present perfect
I have lived in China for six years.



9. Because / Since/ If we want to be on time, we must leave right now.
on time = punctual

We will get there by the skin of our teeth.  

11. We put on our best clothes before we went to the party.
best clothes = glad rags = party clothes

12. Unless/ Before Karen gets a pay cheque, she won't be able to buy groceries.

                        1
13. Whenever I look at my mother 's photograph, I 2
feel homesick.

   2                                                                       1  
I look at my mother 's photograph whenever I feel homesick.

homesick = a sad or longing feeling of nostalgia



15. If you come live with me next year, I will help you find a job.

EF4/5 Adverb clauses

Sentence types:

SIMPLE
SV

COMPOUND
SV SV     ,soba     ; XXXXXX,


COMPLEX

adverb clauses

adjective clauses

noun clauses



ADVERB CLAUSES

because - reason why
when - time
if - condition, maybe yes maybe no


because
Kay is happy because her son got a new job.

Because her son got a new job, Kay is happy.

Because Kay's son got a new job, she is happy

' apostrophe
, comma

This is really good writing for any level.



when
Karen likes to watch TV when she has free time.
When Karen has free time, she likes to watch TV .



if
If you learn this, you will be ahead of many students in higher level classes.

You will be ahead of many students in higher level classes if you learn this.

We have to remember where to put the comma and where not to put it.


whenever
He is happy whenever he plays with his kids.

when / while


than - compare two things that are a bit different

Joe is taller than his brother. 
Joe is taller than his brother (is). still an adverb clause


Today is nicer than yesterday (was). OPTIONAL


as... - as two things are the same
Vancouver is as nice as Seattle (is).
Mark is as tall as his brother (is).
You can speak English as well as a native speaker (can).

as adj as
as tall as
as small as

as adv as
Joe can run as quickly as a horse (can).
Maria can't play soccer as well as Neymar (can).
My son does his homework as slowly as a turtle/snail (does).

even though = though = although

A                                   B
Karen is always happy even though she has a lot of problems in her life.

Logic: B does not affect A


Even though Karen has a lot of problems in her life, she is always happy.

Karen is always happy though she has a lot of problems in her life. SOUNDS A BIT MORE CASUAL

Karen is always happy although she has a lot of problems in her life.

Although Karen has a lot of problems in her life, she is always happy.

since = reason why (because)
May missed her flight since she was late to the airport.
May missed her flight because she was late to the airport. She missed all of her connecting flights. It was a disaster.

since = time
Sarah has lived in Vancouver since 1995.
Sarah has lived in Vancouver since she moved here in 1995. adverb clause

NOT ON THE SHEET even if

A                                               B
Maria will come to your party if you invite her.
B affects A


even if
A                                               B
Maria will come to your party even if you don't invite her.
B does not affect A


You have to do your homework even if you don't want to.


We can really express our feelings and deep meanings and intentions when we use adverb clauses.



Milk spoils if you leave it out.
Milk goes sour if you leave it out.
Sour cream is good for baking.

Comm 11/12 Homework for Monday

  Think of someone who has been able to have a successful life despite having a disability. Be prepared to present this to the class. Follow the reporters questions format. Due in two or three classes. Choose your person for next class.

Evergreen The Reporter's Six Questions (p13)
use the six questions as our framework, organization

2-3 sentences for each 

Write your own stuff. Don't read from wikipedai.