EF4/5 Adjective clauses

SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
adverb clauses
adjective clauses
noun clauses

adjective clauses
adjective - describe a noun
colour, feelings, shape, taste, cost, material, size

	Opinion	Size	Age	Shape	Colour	Origin	Material	Purpose

Often nouns act as adjectives

a small bedroom
a bookstore

Nouns that act like adjective never take an 's'

a small bedsroom XXX
a small bedroom

a shoes store XXX
a shoestore

She is three years old.
She is a three years old girl. XXX

She is a three-year-old girl.

hyphen -
dash --

This is a two hours class. XXX
This is a two-hour class.

This class is two hours.

This is a 100 dollars phone. XXX
This is a 100-dollar phone.

Maria's vacation was two weeks.
Maria had a two-week vacation.

articles a, an, the


Let's take a ten-minute break.

a group of friends


VERY CONFUSING
A class (of students) is/are studying.
Students (in a class) is/are studying.





ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
who - people
that - everything
which - things

Mary's sister is a nurse. She lives in Calgary.
Mary's sister is a nurse, and she lives in Calgary.

Mary's sister who lives in Calgary is a nurse.
Mary's sister is a nurse who lives in Calgary.
Mary's sister who is a nurse lives in Calgary.

Mary's sister lives in Calgary who is a nurse. XXX

I gave a table to my sister that has three wooden legs. XXX

I gave a table that has three wooden legs to my sister.

The glasses that are on the table are mine.

The glasses are mine that are on the table. XXX

The glasses that are mine are on the table.

The water bottle that is on the table is hers.
The wedding ring which is on the table is hers.

I come from a small town that has a small population.

She comes from Manila which is a huge city.

Her grandmother gave her a book that/which has been in the family for generations.

Her grandmother gave her a book that/which came from the library.

that/which -small detail

This is the pen which Donald Trump gave me.
This is the pen that I gave you.
This is the pen which your son gave you for your birthday.


who that which

whom
Nobody uses whom- not important

Maria is a person who I respect.
who is an object

whom- for objects
Maria is a person whom I respect. VERY FANCY, FORMAL


Maria is a person who I respect.

Writing a letter to an unknown person:

To whom it may concern,