E11 para process

What I'm looking for in a paragraph.
-Topic sentence that is clear and on-topic

Good technique 1-2 intro sentences -history, short anecdote

Topic sentence- topic related to the question, controlling idea- your take on it, your argument, your position

QUESTION
Discuss some ways that the moon is prevalent in Jung Sum's life.

TS- mirror that vocab, use synonyms

EXAMPLE
"Throughout Jung Sum's life, the moon has been very important."
"The moon has been very important throughout Jung Sum's life." SIMPLE BASIC EASY

"Jung Sum's life has been dominated by moon. In fact, it is a symbol of his personality." SOPHISTICATED VOCAB, SUBTLE MEANING


3-4 points- clear, well-organized points

Writing about the story, retelleing the plot.

STRUCTURE

PLAN FIRST!


PROCESS
PLAN
1. LIMIT THE TOPIC
2. GENERATE IDEAS
3. OUTLINE THE IDEAS

WRITE
4.ROUGH COPY
5. EDIT- SENTENCES- COMPLETE
WIDE VARIETY OF STYLES- simple, compound, complex
- punc
CS comma splice
- vt
- vf verb form

6. PASS IN

EF45 Noun clauses

EASIEST AND MOST COMMON WAY TO USE NOUN CLAUSES
think
say
feel
understand
know
believe
hope

see
learn
get- understand

apologize
appreciate

that

She hopes that you can go to the party.
He hopes that your dream will come true.

I apologize that I was late. UNUSUAL
I apologize for being late. USUAL

I appreciate that you helped me. UNUSUAL
Thanks for helping me, I appreciate it. COMMON
I appreciate that.

Thank you for helping me.

My friend always says that she will go back to school.
My friend always says. "I m going to go back to school." QUOTATION OF EXACT WORDS

I told you that I was going to be late.
You told me that I could return this.
My teacher told me that I need some new pens.

I get that you want to watch a movie, but first you have to do your homework. COMPOUND COMPLEX

I get that. I already know.
Now I get it.

I understand that you want to buy a new phone, but you already have a phone.
I understand that you want to buy a new phone, but I think that it is too expensive.

A NOUN CLAUSE AT THE BEGINNING IS VERY UNUSUAL
That you chew with your mouth open annoys us.
It annoys me that you chew with your mouth open.

Understand- that why
Why is she so angry?
I don't understand why she is so angry.
I don't understand why is she so angry? NO GOOD
Do you understand why she is so angry?
Do you know why she is so angry?

that
She hopes that you can go to the party.
He hopes that your dream will come true.
She hopes you can go to the party.
He hopes your dream will come true.

FREE ADVICE: LEAVE IN 'THAT". IT'S CLEARER FOR THE READER AND FOR YOU.

PRACTICAL USEFUL SENTENCES

I learned that I could do better if I tried.

I learned how to cook a fancy dessert.
I learned how I cook a fancy dessert. UNUSUAL

I am learning how to write different kinds of complete sentences. I am also learning how to talk more fluently.

where- places, locations
She doesn't know where she is going.
I don't know where I should buy my new car.
I don't know where John lives.

why- reasons

when- time
I don't know when she will come.
I don't know when she is planning on arriving.
Susan isn't sure/ doesn't know when her husband's plane is arriving.
We don't know when the party will be over.


I don't know which sweater you like. 
I don't know which sweater do you like. NO
Which sweater do you like? QUESTION




Michelle doesn't know which restaurant she should go to. 

Mike doesn't know which class he should take next term.

I don't know what you want.

What do you want?

whatever
You can choose whatever you want.
When you have a job, you can buy whatever you want.

When you are an independent person, you can do whatever you want. You can go wherever you want. You can hang out with whoever you want. You can go out whenever you want.

You can buy whatever you want.

You can say whatever you believe as long as you don't break the law.

EF45 Appositives

Combines these exercises using appositives:

1.              My lunch is an onion and garlic sandwich.  It smells great.

My lunch is an onion and garlic sandwich which smells great. ADJ CL

My lunch, an onion and garlic sandwich, smells great. APPOSITIVE

2.              My son is an engineer.  He will be moving to Toronto next week.

My son, an engineer, will be moving to Toronto next week. APPOSITIVE

My son, who is an engineer, will be moving to Toronto next week. ADJ CL

3.              Jessica, the youngest student in the class, had the highest mark. APPOSITIVE

4.              The baby, six months old, does not sleep well.

The baby, a six-month-old, does not sleep well.

The baby, a six-month-old girl, does not sleep well.

5.              Eileen, the marketing manager, organized the ad campaign. APPOSITIVE

6.              The class was taught by Mrs. McKnight.  She is a retired teacher.

The class was taught by Mrs. McKnight,  a retired teacher.

7.              The car, a red convertible, was speeding through the neighbourhood.

My son, Jim, a thirty-year-old engineer, will move to Toronto, the capital of Ontario, next week.

STYLE

Next week, my son, Jim, a thirty-year-old engineer, will move to Toronto, the capital of Ontario.

8.              Friends is an American sitcom.  It is very popular with ESL students.

Friends, an American sitcom, is very popular with ESL students.

9.              The Nakdong River, the longest river in Korea, is over 500 km long.

10.       English, the language of business, is a challenging language to learn.

EF45 adjective clause quiz

1. gold that

The gold coins that I bought were nice.
She has a gold ring that came from her mother.

the gold (n) coin (n)

the heavy (adj) coin (n)

the bookstore

a water bottle

the groceries 

the grocery (n) store (n)

the nine-years-old girl

- hyphen

the ten-year-old car


2. stone which
The stone which is in the park is white.

3. city that
The city that I live in is small.
He comes from a city that is beside the ocean.

4. visit X
The city she will visit is in Japan.
The girl who I was talking to will visit my sister.

Amy is going to visit her friend she lives in Richmond who she has known for 20 years.
Amy is going to visit her friend who she has known for 20 years.

A friend I visited lives in a small town.

John visits the factory that I work in.

5 traffic that

There was heavy traffic that made everyone late this morning.

I live near a street that has a lot of traffic in the mornings.

6. I drove by a serious traffic accident that had fatalities.

I saw a serious traffic accident that had fatalities.

I got into a serious traffic accident that had fatalities.

fatal

I saw a serious traffic accident in which somebody died.

I saw a serious traffic accident where somebody died.

I saw a minor traffic accident where an old man was bumped in the crosswalk.

concussion- brain

whiplash- neck

soft-tissue injuries- muscle, tendons, ligaments

6. boss who

I have a boss who is nice.

Sarah's boss is a woman who works very hard.

E11 Using Quotations

USING QUOTATIONS

Here are some key points to remember when using quotations:

1) Incorporate quotations into your sentences.

2) Keep quotations to a few words.  Quotations are like salt in food: a little bit gives flavour; too much ruins the dish.

3) Use quoted material to support your points.

4) Don’t use too many quotations.  Pick two or three quotations to support your brainstormed points and leave the rest.

5) Make sure the quoted material is exactly as written in the story.  Use … and [] to make minor grammatical or stylistic changes.

6) Avoid repeating quotations.

7) After quoting material, go on to explain why the quotation is relevant.

8) Avoid ending paragraphs with quotations.

EF45 Noun clauses

1. Whatever Sam orders will be good for all of us.
Whatever you want is ok with me.
You can have whatever you like.

2. Does your mother know how you feel about her new husband?

I'm not sure how I feel about you going to the party.

I'm not sure how I feel about you having a cell phone.

3. I don't want to go shopping this Saturday. What I'd rather do is go hiking.
I'd rather go hiking. EASIER VERB- SIMPLE SENTENCE

I'd prefer to go hiking.

4. It bothers me that you are always late.
It annoys her that the car is always breaking down.
It bothers him that his neighbour makes a lot of noise late at night.
It bothers him that he has noisy neighbours.

5. Helping people is how you can show your kindness.
Walking everyday is how you can get into shape.

6. I don't understand why she is late.
I don't understand why he is angry.
I don't understand why you are laughing.

7.Mariola knows what to do next. infinitive
You know how to play the piano.
You know how you can to play the piano.
I don't know how to speak French. infinitive
haircut
8. Don't judge people by how they dress.
Judge people by how they act.

10. A good supper is what you need.
What you need is a haircut.
What you need is more exercise.

EF45 Adjective Clauses Exercises

Exercise 4

2.The pizzeria where we ate yesterday served expensive food.
The pizzeria that we ate yesterday in /at served expensive food.

We ate there.

The pizzeria (where we ate there yesterday) served expensive food.
The pizzeria (which we ate there at yesterday) served expensive food.


The sandwich was good. I ate it.
The sandwich (that I ate it) was good.
The sandwich (that I ate it) was good.

The sandwich I ate was good. AUTHENTIC ENGLISH- COMPLEX SENTENCE

The sandwich that I ate was good. 

A clause is a subject and a verb.

3. My dog died yesterday (which made me very sad).


4. Sunday is the day when I sleep late.
Sunday is the day that I sleep in late.
Sunday is the day that I sleep late.

I was late today because I slept in.

6. Marta is the type of boss who is easy to work with.

PRACTICAL- USEFUL

7. Salmon is a meal that I love salmon.
Salmon is a meal which I love.
Salmon is a meal I love.

Salmon is a meal I love it. X
Salmon is a meal. I love it. 2 sentences


Exercise 3 

1. He used to live in Colombia, that is a Spanish-speaking country.
CS comma splice
He used to live in Colombia. That is a Spanish-speaking country.

He used to live in Colombia which is a Spanish-speaking country.
Colombia, where he used to live, is a Spanish-speaking country.
ADJ CL


'where' is for actions in places
He used to live in Colombia where people speak Spanish.

Spanish-speaking (adj)
Canada is an English-speaking country.

She is three years old.
She is a three-year-old girl.

This class is nine weeks.
This is a nine-week class.

- hyphen

This class has 28 students.

Her house has eight-foot ceilings.

The ceilings are eight feet high.

If you use a -, then you don't use a plural.


She owns a three-legged cat. (a)

She is long-legged dancer.

The baby has brown eyes.
She is a brown-eyed baby.

adjective form

I am left-handed.

Her family are all wide-shouldered.

He is a pencil-necked teenager.

insult- dissing (slang) disrespect

She can't see well without her glasses.

She is near-sighted. Her husband is far-sighted.

He wears bifocals. They are called transition lenses.

She wears trifocals, but they give her a headache.

I have a white-haired dog.

Some people have special reading glasses.

She is well-dressed.

Teachers are often poorly-dressed.
You need a makeover.
You are over-dressed. too fancy
You are under-dressed. too casual