Good morning, everyone.
We will get started at 8:30
Today’s agenda
·
Review paragraph format/paper format
Go over some sentences
CS, punc
·
Begin sentence work – few weeks
Overview of sentence types
Begin simple sentences
·
Criteria module
·
One-on-one go over paragraphs
·
Vocab exercises- “Odd Word Out: Exercise 1”
·
HW Finish
reading through the Criteria. We’ll be using the
criteria for
our Test#1 paragraph on Tuesday
Review paragraph sheets
Write simple
sentences, email them to me
Friday
·
Continue simple sentences
·
Begin paragraph work
“Golden Week”
Model
paragraphs
Monday
·
Quiz#1 – simple sentences
·
Begin compound sentences
·
Continue paragraph work
Tuesday
·
Test#1 paragraph about criteria
·
Continue compound sentences
Wednesday
·
Continue compound sentences
Writing to pass in.
Write a good paragraph introducing your partner.
This is not for marks. This is for me to get a sense of your writing
strengths and challenges regarding vocab, sentence structure, verb form,
punctuation, etc.
Submit it when you are finished.
A lot of potential.
THINGS TO REMEMBER:
1.
Paper orientation- not upside down
2.
Write in pen.
3.
Doublespace
4.
Name and class in top right (topmost righthand)
corner
Organization!
Areas for improvement:
1.
Comma splice – CS
two sentences joined only with a comma XXX
e.g. My partner is Mei, she’s from China, she can speak Mandarin
and Cantonese. CS – punctuation, commas
not strong enough
SOLUTIONS
My partner is Mei. She’s from China. She can speak Mandarin
and Cantonese.
My partner is Mei; she’s from China. She can speak Mandarin
and Cantonese. COMPOUND SENTENCES- next
week
My partner is Mei, and she’s from China. She can speak Mandarin
and Cantonese. COMPOUND
My partner is Mei. She’s from China, and/so she can speak Mandarin
and Cantonese. COMPOUND SV, and SV.
HIGHER LEVEL My partner, Mei, who is from China, can
speak Mandarin and Cantonese. COMPLEX SENTENCE- two weeks adjective clause
. period fullstop
, comma
; semicolon
You are probably already experienced with English. These are the
fundamental sentences styles that we use everyday. If this is new to you, let’s
learn a lot about sentences. Even if you already know about them, I still have
some new things to teach you.
Full review of the three sentence types: very important, very
useful, very practical, everyday usage
We study sentences so that we can use them in your life- school,
work, social life, business.
Quick overview of sentence types
1.SIMPLE
2.COMPOUND
3.COMPLEX
4. COMPOUND-COMPLEX (mix of 2 and 3)
99% of the time, these three sentence types will allow to write anything
you want.
If you want to write well in English, this is what you want to do.
**
Side Note: I have a small business where I do editing for
university students, mostly nurses and nursing students. What I do is read
their essays and papers and then edit their writing. I use almost exclusively
simple, compound, and complex sentences.
ANOTHER SIDE NOTE: Every year on Tuesday nights (5-6pm) from
November-January, I do an Advanced Sentence Structure Tutorial on Zoom. This is
aimed at upper-level students who want to polish their sentence writing. Feel
free to join my Zoom tutorial.
No homework. No assignments. No mark.
Check my blog in mid-October for the Zoom link.
QUICK PREVIEW- I will go into detail in ensuing classes.
THESE ARE THE SENTENCE TYPES:
1.
SIMPLE SENTENCE – one
main clause, one independent clause
Clause – group of words with a subject and a verb (SV)
one main clause, one independent clause = SV, a
complete idea, one idea, a sentence by itself
independent- self-contained
subject and a verb
Subject+Verb, S+V
SIMPLE SENTENCE S=subject
V=verb
S+V “It is sunny.” It is
sunny.
SV “It is rainy.” It is
rainy. rainy- adjective
SV “Today is cold.” Today is
cold.
SV “The dog likes apples.”
IMPORTANT: Don’t forget
a capital letter at the beginning. Don’t forget a period at the end.
Different styles of simple sentence:
-SV
The sky is blue.
-SSV subject subject verb
You and I are talking on
the phone.
-SVV “The dog is sleeping
and is snoring.”
-SVVV (probably the maximum)
-SSSV (probably the maximum)
-SSVV
The old man and his granddaughter go to the park and play.
Basic structures: SV SSV
SVV SSVV
Another style of simple sentence:
-Imperative, command sentence – tell somebody to do something
“Come in.” “Watch out.” “Sit
down.” “Open the window, please.”
no subject “You come in.” implied subject, don’t say ‘you’
“(You) Come in, please.” Everybody understands that ‘you’
is the subject.
make it sound polite – please
IDIOM the magic word. What’s the magic word?
My way of using commas with ‘please’ (fairly common):
Come in, please.
Please come in.
Please wash the dishes.
Please, wash the dishes. SOUNDS IRRITATED
Wash the dishes, please. WITH COMMA – sounds good
Another style of simple sentence:
-interrogative sentence – question, interrogate (ask questions)
“What are you doing?”
“What time is it?”
“Where did you park the car?” SV?
REVIEW: SV SSV SVV SSVV Imperative
Interrogative
SV SV – two simple sentences in a row, connected together
with coordinating conjunctions
7 coordinating conjunctions- FANBOYS
mnemonic (memory aid) for and nor but or
yet so
pronunciation (new mon ic) Greek word?
English is a primarly a mix of Latinate languages, Greek, and
Germanic languages
Latinate – Spanish, French, Italian
Latin – ancient language from Italy
any word one syllable – Anglo Saxon word
plumber – Gr
pneumonia – Gr
mnemonic
lagubrious -latin – sad
MY OPINION: FANBOYS – not that helpful, several are not used often
in compound
FANBOYS
*for – used very rarely in compound sentences
Sarah is wearing a hat today, for it is cold. not common usage
Sarah is wearing a hat today because it is cold. complex – more
authentic
Forget about ‘for’. People don’t talk that way.
‘for’ is used in other ways
Here is a gift for you. simple, not compound
*and – very often used
Michelle bought a new
coat, and it is very nice.
compound
*nor – not commonly used in compound sentences, nobody says
‘nor’
Dave does not speak Farsi, nor does he speak Arabic. very unusual,
formal
Dave does not speak Farsi or Arabic. simple sentence, authentic
English
*but – used all the time
It is sunny today, but it
is supposed to rain tomorrow.
*or – very commonly used
You can go to the party, or you can stay home.
*yet – not commonly used in compound sentences
It is cold, yet we are going for a walk. weirdly formal
It is cold, but we are going for a walk. more authentic- real
sounding English
*so – used all the time in compound sentences
Maria is tired, so she will take a nap.
My suggestion:
FANBOYS – F N Y
not useful
‘for’ ‘nor’ ‘yet’ not used very often in compound sentences,
low-frequency usage, ignore them for the most part
We are left with these: SOBA so or but and
mnemonic- SOBA
most useful, high-frequency usage: SOBA so or but and
We use these every day, all day long.
soba- japanese buckwheat noodles
Near Chinatown: https://theramenbutcher.com/
EXAMPLES OF ‘SOBA” IN COMPOUND SENTENCES
“It is raining, so we can’t play soccer.”
“You can come to school, or you can go to work.”
“I like chocolate, but I don’t eat it everyday.”
“Joan likes hiking, and she also likes skiing.”
Next level of compound sentences:
; semicolon – looks
professional, high-status, smart
; substitute for ,
so , or , but
, and
“It is raining, so
we can’t play soccer.”
“It is raining;
we can’t play soccer.”
“You can come to school,
or you can go to work.”
“You can come to
school; you can also go to work.”
“You can come to
school; or you can also go to work.” XXX
“I like chocolate,
but I don’t eat it everyday.”
“I like chocolate;
I don’t eat it everyday.”
“Joan likes hiking,
and she likes skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking;
she likes skiing.
Looks great! Your
choice- casual, fancier
Next next level of
compound sentences:
This way, with
transitional terms, sounds better.
therefore however
also nevertheless moreover
furthermore
- Hundreds of them- I
will give you about 50.
OPTIONS FOR COMPOUND
SENTENCES
“It is raining, so
we can’t play soccer.”
“It is raining;
we can’t play soccer.”
“It is raining;
therefore, we can’t play soccer.” VERY NICE!
“You can come to
school, or you can go to work.”
“You can come to
school; you can also go to work.”
“You can come to
school; alternatively, you can go to work.”
“You can come to
school; on the other hand, you can go to work.”
“On one hand, you
can come to school; on the other hand, you can go to work.”
Break at 9:50 = Ten to
ten.
“I like chocolate, but
I don’t eat it everyday.”
“I like chocolate; I
don’t eat it everyday.”
“I like chocolate; however,
I don’t eat it everyday.”
ANOTHER OPTION “I like
chocolate. However, I don’t eat it everyday.” 2 simples
You can still use the transitional
terms even if if you don’t use semicolons.
“Joan likes hiking, and
she likes skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking;
she likes skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking;
also, she likes skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking. Also,
she likes skiing.”
COMMON ERROR
“Joan likes hiking,
also, she likes skiing.” XXX comma doesn’t go there- not strong enough, has to
be ;
Make up your sentences
according to the situation.
This is all about your
choice. I want you to have choices.
a. adverb clauses –
because if when unless until after before although etc
We will do about 30.
“Sarah doesn’t want to
talk to Maria because they had an
argument.”
main clause adverb clause no comma
“Because Sarah and Maria
had an argument, Sarah doesn’t want to
talk to her.”
adverb clause main clause comma
“We won’t go to the
beach if it rains.”
“If it rains, we
won’t go to the beach.”
She is happy, because
she won the lottery. XXX no comma, small error
She is happy because she won the lottery.
** IMPORTANT POINT:
You always need a SV. If you don’t have a SV for each clause, you will likely
run into trouble. Special case: imperative
Sit down. You
sit down. implied subject
Example: My sister
lives in Vancouver, works in a store. XXX
FIX
My sister lives in Vancouver and works in a store.
My sister lives in Vancouver, and she works in a store.
My sister lives in Vancouver; she works in a store.
My sister lives in Vancouver; also, she works in a store.
b. noun clauses –
brain, tongue
brain- think believe
know guess understand
imagine remember, etc.
tongue- say whisper
state yell remind
claim argue, etc.
that why how
“Mohammed thinks
that he should call his brother.”
“The little girl
believes that there is a monster in her closet.”
“Maria said that
we need more printer paper.”
“Junko didn’t tell
us why she quit her job.”
“I don’t know how I can fix my car.”
“I don’t know how to fix my car.”
More common- different pattern
c. adjective clauses –
who that which
“Fatima’s neighbour, who
is 86 years old, still lives on her own.”
“Marta has some nice
boots that she got from a fancy store in Tokyo.”
- commas around adjective clauses – complicated
- other words less
important: ‘whom’ ‘whose’ ‘where’
COMPOUND COMPLEX
e.g. Mei loves to eat chocolate, but Junko doesn’t like it because
she is allergic to it.
I don’t want to go to the party, but you should go if you want to.
Overview – Over the next few weeks, I will teach these sentences
styles to you in great detail. If you learn these styles, you will be able to
do anything that you want in written English: school, job, life, writing.
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND COMPLEX
If you are willing to come with me on this journey through English
sentences, let’s do it! We all will learn a lot.
Four types of sentences-
simple compound complex
compound-complex
simple sentence- most basic form of a sentence in English, simple
but powerful, very useful
-
good choice for topic sentence
in a paragraph
-
anything you want someone to remember
A simple sentence is one independent clause that has a subject and a
verb and expresses a complete thought.
clause – a group of words with a subject and a verb, S+V
Most teachers says: one simple sentence – a complete idea
Subject and a Verb
Subject and a Predicate
The old dog was walking slowly around the park with a stick in his
mouth.
main subject – just one word, noun ‘dog’
complete subject- main subject plus andy modifers, adjectives,
articles
‘the old dog’
verb – action word ‘was walking’
verb= simple predicate
complete predicate – verb plus everthing else
‘was walking slowly around the park with a stick in his mouth.’
SIMPLE SENTENCE- S V, Subject + Predicate
Notice that there are some important requirements for a simple
sentence:
1. Must have a subject and a verb.
2. Must express a complete thought.
3. Must only have one clause.
4. ** Begins with a capital letter and ends with a period.
** For all sentences.
Examples of Simple Sentences:
1.
Joe went to the store. SV
2.
BC is experiencing severe
flooding in many areas around the province. SV
3.
Sarah and Jessie are going swimming. SSV
4.
Trudeau and Biden met this week
for high level discussions. SSV
5.
The frog jumped and landed in the pond. SVV
6.
The nurse took the patient’s blood pressure and checked his heart rate.
7.
Keep your eyes open for bargains. NO
SUBJECT- implied subject “You”
Imperative- command, tell someone to do something
(You) Be careful! don’t say ‘you’, everybody understand that it
is there,
implied subject – imply(v) – suggest something but not say it out
loud
5. The pizza smells delicious.
SV
6. There is a fly in the
car with us.
‘Here’ and ‘there’ are not subjects. They always point to something
else.
There is/are people on
the street. subject verb agreement
There is/are a person on
the street.
subject verb agreement Here
is your cell phone.
Here
are your keys.
***#1 mistake that everyone makes***
Here are your [AH1] cell phone. XXX
Here is your keys. XXX
TRICKY subject verb agreement – verbs change to match the subject
e.g. Mary live lives in Vancouver. agr
NOTE: At a college level, mistakes in subject verb agreement are a
big deal.
7. Look on top of the refrigerator for the key. “you” implied subject-
imperative
8. Please close the door. sounds more polite
9. Close the door, please.
10.
Take the dog for a walk,
please.
11.
Please take the dog for a walk.
12.
Will you help me with the math homework? Interrogative-
ask a question – flip the verb around
You are
happy today.
Are you
happy today? Interrogative
13.
I will pick you up today. verb will pick – simple future
14.
Will you pick me up today? will ... pick
– still one verb, not two verbs SV
will – helping verb, modal, modal auxiliary
will go
We will go hiking tomorrow.
Will
you go with us?
can see
You can
see the fireworks from my house.
Can you
see the fireworks from my house?
10. The music is too
loud. SV
Adapted
from :https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/simple_sentence_examples/445/
Forms of simple sentences:
-SV subject verb
My dog is asleep.
The ice cream looks delicious.
Vancouver is a nice city.
-SSV subject subject verb
The rivers and trees
are beautiful.
Your sister and mother
fight all the time.
Peanut butter and bananas go well
together.
-SVV subject verb verb
Sara swims and plays volleyball at the community centre.
Clouds come and go.
Friends come and go.
-Imperative – command
sentence, tell somebody to do something
(You) Come in.
implied subject We don’t say ‘you’, but
that’s what we mean.
Be careful, please. Please be careful.
Watch your step, please. Please be careful.
Watch out.
Stay safe.
Shut up!
Drop dead! – strong
words for fighting, like with kids
Get out!
Sit down.
Have a cookie.
Sleep well.
Eat healthy.
Stay cool.
Sit! Stay!
Stay tuned.
Get ready.
-Interrogative- question
What time is it?
Who are you talking to?
What are you doing
tomorrow?
Is that your dog?
Would you like to have some
tea?
Where is the book?
What’s for dinner today?
Extra information to
explore:
-https://englishgrammarhere.com/example-sentences/50-examples-of-simple-sentences/
-https://examples.yourdictionary.com/simple-sentence-examples.html
HW Write a few examples of simple
sentences of your own, from your own imagination, using the vocab below.
You can send me a few (3-4
sentences) of your examples by email by 7PM: ahaley@vsb.bc.ca
Styles: SV SSV
SVV Imperative Interrogative
We will share these
tomorrow in class. We will go over some of them tomorrow.
Let’s choose some vocab for
the simple sentences
1.
park
2.
restaurant
3.
pool
4.
summer
5.
evening
6.
afternoon
7.
running (verb OR gerund (noun))
8.
shopping
9.
education
10.
happiness
Try some simple sentences using this vocab.
Try a mix of SV, SSV, SVV, SSVV, Imperative, Interrogative (question). Email me
3-4 of these by 7.
YOUR EXAMPLES:
Spanish speakers/Farsi speakers
a blue pencil
a pencil blue XXX
He rides bike mountains. Spanish
translation
He rides mountain bikes.
