EF56- Class 19 - adjective clauses, Rosa Parks

 

Good morning, everyone.

We will get started at 9:15.

 

Today’s agenda:

·      Continue adjective clauses

·      Continue work on writing process: prewriting / writing

·      Continue Women and Rights module- Viola Desmond, Rosa Parks

·      HW   Complete Adjective clauses Ex. 3 and 5. No need to email

them. We will go over them tomorrow.

Choose either Viola Desmond or Rosa Parks. Consider her situation. I will ask you to write a paragraph based on your own opinion.

 

Wednesday

·      Test#2- Paragraph on Women and Rights module, just about Rosa Parks or Viola Desmond

·      Continue Women and Rights module- Malala Yousafzai

·      Review of adj cl homework

Email some for homework

Quiz Friday

 

Thursday

Substitute teacher- I will be at a conference.

·      Begin short story, fiction – “

·      Literary Terms

 

Friday

·      Quiz#6 – adjective clauses

·      Continue with short story, fiction

·      Literary Terms

 

 

 

 

Sentence types:

You must become familiar with and be able to use when writing and talking. These are aimed on more academic, professional level of English. This is for more formal, structured communication.

SIMPLE                 SV   SSV   SVV   SSVV   Question   Command

COMPOUND       SV, SOBA SV.   SV; SV.   SV; TRANS, SV.

COMPLEX             ADVERB CLAUSES

                               ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

                               NOUN CLAUSES

 

Adjective clauses

*Basic level of knowledge

95% of the time

who- people

that- things, animals, people (impolite, not respectful sounding)

which- special things, unique things

 

Far less common, quite uncommon

whom

MY ADVICE – forget about ‘whom’

EXCEPTION “To whom it may concern,”

 

*Deeper level – not critical

commas or no commas around adjective clauses

-Use commas around an adjective clause – special, unique, only one- a good time to use commas

 

‘which’ is a good candidate for commas

Manila, which is the capital of The Philippines, is a huge city.

 

Grammar-  non-essential, non-restrictive

 

SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT MEANINGS / MESSAGES

A.   Dave’s dog, that has white fur, loves to swim.

B.    Dave’s dog that has white fur loves to swim.

 

A.   How many dogs does Dave have? One or more than one

B.    How many dogs does Dave have? One or more than one

 

A.   Dave’s dog, that has white fur, loves to swim. Suggests that Dave has one dog. non-restrictive clause, non-essential clause (grammar books) – extra information, not essential

, that has white fur,   commas around it, means it can be omitted

 

 Dave’s dog , that has white fur, loves to swim.

Dave’s dog , that has white fur, loves to swim.

Dave’s dog loves to swim.

 

The meaning doesn’t change.

 

 

B.    Dave’s dog that has white fur loves to swim. Suggests that Dave has more than one dog.

restrictive clause, essential clause (grammar books) – not extra information, essential, cannot be omitted

that has white fur   no commas around it, means it cannot be omitted

Dave’s dog that has white fur loves to swim.

 

* important punctuation, detailed and subtle, not a major problem if you get it wrong

 

A.   My car that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall is a 2018 Toyota.

B.    My car, that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall, is a 2018 Toyota.

 

Complete subject

A.   How many cars do I own?

B.    How many cars do I own?

 

A.   Micheal’s son who is 10 loves to play football.

B.    Micheal’s son, who is 10, loves to play football.

 

Our class, which goes Monday to Friday, is useful but challenging.

Commas or no commas?

 

How to distinguish the difference- written- straightforward

                                                              -spoken – subtle

 

commas – spoken- breath marks – take a breath, small beat, pause

A.   Our class, which goes Monday to Friday, is useful but challenging.

B.    Our class which goes Monday to Friday is useful but challenging.

 

Rhythm in speech is very important.

Often students complain that their pronunciation is poor. Sometimes, the problem is speaking rhythm more than pronuncaition.

 

 

Adjective Clauses, Ex13 from homework

‘whose’ ownership

The little boy whose puppy ran away was very sad. The puppy came back.

 

You can lease a car. You can sign a lease.

These are the shoes that I like the most.

 

IDIOM the writing on the wall   Mei could see the writing on the wall. She could guess/predict what was about to happen.

 

SCENARIO: Mei’s sister and her husband are arguing all the time. Thye have separate bedrooms. They don’t even look at each other anymore.

Mei can see the writing on the wall.

What is going to happen probably? Divorce

 

OLD JOKE student to a teacher “My dog ate my homework.”

 

aftershave – slap on your face after shaving

cologne – perfume for men

 

scent-free areas – Please, do not wear perfume.

 

Joachim – Spanish  ‘j’ pron like ‘h’

Jose –

Juanita-

 

loaned = lent

 

 

fascinate(v) fascinating(adj)= amazing

 

 

GRAMMAR: difference between main subject and complete subject

main subject – just one noun, subject of the sentence

complete subject  - main noun plus all the modifiers, subject of the sentence

 

A.   My car that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall is a 2018.

B.    My car, that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall, is a 2018.

 

complete subject

My car that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall is a 2018. suggests 2+ cars

My car, that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall, is a 2018. suggests 1 car

 

commas around an adjective clause means just extra information

 

Southern US – after emancipation of slaves- segregation laws

segregation – separation between white and Black people

 

Tomorrow – paragraph

 

I will ask to focus on either Rosa Parks or Viola Desmond. I will ask you to write a paragraph about a specific question. I do not want you to retell the story.

 

EF12 - Class 18 - articles, Rice

 

Good morning, everyone.

We will get started at 11:45.

 

BLOG: haleyshec.blogspot.com

 

Today’s Agenda

·      Return Quiz#5, go over, correct and rewrite

·      Finish articles- a, an, the

·      Fact and Figures “Rice”

 

Tuesday

·      Review of three verb tenses, like + infin/gerund

·      Continue simple past verb tense

·      Fact and Figures

·      Daily phrasal verbs

·       

 

Wednesday

·      Complex sentences- because

·      Fact and Figures

·      Daily phrasal verbs

·       

 

Thursday

Substitute teacher- I have a conference

·      Complex sentences- because

·      Fact and Figures

·      Daily phrasal verbs

·       

 

Friday

·      Complex sentences- when

 

Next week

·      Begin paragraph writing

Format, structure

·      Complex sentences- when

·      Complex sentences- if

·      Begin narrative writing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quiz#5

Write a compound sentence for each.

1.    feed            and

feed(v) food(n)

I feed my dog, and he is happy.

 

2.    basket        but

Sarah bought a basket, but it broke.

bought  broke  - simple past

buy   break   - simple present

 

3.    grow           so

Sally grows flowers, so her garden is beautiful.

 

4.    animal        and

 l love animals, and I love trees.

 

5.    people        but

People have jobs, but birds do not.

Birds can fly, but dogs can not.

 

6.    picture       and

Shira has a picture of her mother, and she looks at it everyday.

The picture hangs on the wall, and the room is beautiful.

 

 

SV, SOBA SV.

SV – subject verb

Mei is tall. Shira is short. SIMPLE SENTENCES

Mei is tall, and Shira is short. COMPOUND SENTENCE

Mei is tall, but Shira is short.

Jen is tired, so she will have a nap.

 

 

Let’s do some correction and rewriting. I will come around and help.

 

 

feed(v) – give food

food(n) – the things that you eat

 

Maria feeds the baby. 

Sarah likes Colombian food.

The little kid feeds to animals in the zoo.

 

feed / eat

Aghbal eats dinner at 7PM.

 

Some plants are tasty, so we eat them.

 

She loves tomatoes, so she grows them.

 

Maria feeds the baby, and the baby is hungry.

The baby is hungry, so he feeds her.

The baby was hungry, but now she is full.

 

She feeds her baby, and the baby smiles.

He feeds the baby, and he burps the baby.

 

COMPOUND   SV, SOBA SV.

 

, SOBA   so   or   but   and

 

Practice makes perfect. You can do it!

Your English writing and speaking will get better with daily practice.

Daily practice is the secret. If you practice, you will get better.

 

If you practice, you will get better.  I will teach ‘if’ next week.

Step by step, we will improve our English.

 

an ice cream cone

 

pick out – choose

picked out - chose

I picked out a sweater at the clothing store.

I will pick out some nice apples at the grocery store.

 

She bought new jeans. She bought new glasses. She bought new shoes.

 

She bought a new ring. She bought a new tie.

 

OMIT

 

5. Did you see the full moon last night?   only one moon

 

 

The dog

The apple

 

the orange shirt – vowel sound

the blue shirt -consonant sound

 

not the-   This is not the right store.

 

know - no

knew- new

now

 

 

You need a piece of paper. You need paper.

You need scissors. You need a pair of scissors.

The scissors are sharp.

 

ID – identification

 

the hospital- usually

I have to go to the hospital.

 

12. There are apple trees in our backyard. plural, no ‘an’

There is an apple tree in our backyard. singular, use ‘an’

 

There are apple trees in our backyard. The apple trees are very tall.

I bought a shirt yesterday. The shirt is red.

 

We saw an eagle flying in the sky. The eagle had a white head.

 

Ali got a coffee. The coffee has milk and sugar.

 

Zhila has a white hat. The hat keep the sun off her face.

 

We will have a test today. The test will be on math.

 

 

 

Facts and Figures “Rice”

 

fertilizer- manure

poison – a substance that will kill you

 

broom – dry

mop- wet

IDIOM – hair is a mess- mop  I have to get my mop cut.

 

roof – top of a house

ceiling-top of a room

 

EF56 Class 18- Review adv cl, Viola, begin adj, cl

 

Good morning, everyone.

We will get started at 9:15.

 

Today’s agenda:

·      Return Quiz#5 adverb clauses, go over

·      Begin adjective clauses

·      Continue work on writing process: prewriting / writing

·      Continue Women and Rights module- Viola Desmond, Rosa Parks

 

Tuesday

·      Continue adjective clauses

·      Continue work on writing process: prewriting / writing

·      Continue Women and Rights module- Viola Desmond, Rosa Parks

 

Wednesday

·      Test#2- Paragraph on Women and Rights module, just about Rosa Parks and/or Viola Desmond

·      Continue Women and Rights module- Malala Yousafzai

 

Thursday

Substitute teacher- I will be at a conference.

·      Begin short story, fiction – “

·      Literary Terms

 

Friday

·      Quiz#6 – adjective clauses

·      Continue with short story, fiction

·      Literary Terms

 

 

 

 

 

Quiz#5

Write a sentence with an adverb clause for each.

1.    since                     refuse

Mei refused to buy her son a PS4 since it is too expensive.

Since PS4s are so expensive, Mei refused to buy one for her son.

 

2.    if                            museum

We will go to the museum if it is open.

If it is open, we will go to the museum.

BETTER

If the museum is open, we will go to it. go there.

 

3.    because               ticket

Shira couldn’t go into the concert because she lost her ticket.

Because she lost her ticket, Shira couldn’t go into the concert.

BETTER

Because Shira lost her ticket, she couldn’t go into the concert.

Because Shira lost her ticket to the concert, she couldn’t get in.

 

4.    although              note

Although Sarah made notes during the class, she still couldn’t understand/recall the main ideas.

5.    in order to           successful support

In order to be successful, you have to be focussed and diligent.

 

concientious, hardworking

 

6.    when                    business

Moe became very busy when he finally opened his car repair business.

 

 

Let’s do some correcting and rewriting. I will come around and help.

 

Although it is chilly today, but we will still go to the park. XXX

although & but – don’t go together, either or

FIX

Although it is chilly today, we will still go to the park. COMPLEX

It is chilly today, but we will still go to the park. COMPOUND

 

Because the ticket to Cirque de Soleil was very expensive, so Sarah didn’t buy it. XXX

because & so- don’t go together, either or

FIX

Because the ticket to Cirque de Soleil was very expensive, Sarah didn’t buy it. COMPLEX

The ticket to Cirque de Soleil was very expensive, so Sarah didn’t buy it.

COMPOUND

 

There are several ways to express the same information.

 

I will open a business when I will finish college. XXX

I will open a business when I finish college. no future tense in an adverb clause

 

 

Viola Desmond- read aloud

 

She was born in Nova Scotia. was born

I was born in China.

birthed  borned  was born – passive voice verb

My birthplace is India.

 

entrepeneur- FR- business person

 

equal(adj) unequal(adj) equality(n) inequality(n)

 

kill time, waste time, save time, spend time

 

 

I TAUGHT:   She wanted to buy a ticket; however, it was too expensive.

 

ANOTHER WAY TO USE ‘however’

She wanted to buy a ticket. It was too expensive, however, so she didn’t get it. HIGHER LEVEL

 

I TAUGHT It was too expensive, so she didn’t get it.

 

fraud(n) defraud(v)

 

 

decade – 10 years

century – 100 years

millenium -1000 years

 

 

 

REVIEW Sentence types:

 

* SIMPLE- one main clause

          SV   SSV    SVV   SSVV   Imperative   Interrogative

SVVVVVV- poor writing  Use your best judgement

 

PRO ADVICE: If something is important and you want to people to remember it, write it in a simple sentence.

-powerful, clear, direct

 

* COMPOUND – two main clauses joined together

1.       , FANBOYS   , SOBA

2.       ; semicolon

3.       ; TRANS,

Transitional words and terms: e.g however    therefore   also   nevertheless   to tell the truth    in general

 

SV, SOBA SV.

SV; SV.

SV; TRANS, SV.

 

 

* COMPLEX – one main clause + one subordinate clause

1.       adverb clauses- because   when   if   since   so that   so...that, etc

2.       adjective clauses

3.       noun clauses

 

 

 

Adjective clauses –

adjective clauses – more in-depth, more detailed

keep it as simple as possible to start- start basic and then go deeper

 

adjectives – describes a noun

the red hat adjective

the nice red hat adjectives

 

* SIDE NOTE

ORDER OF ADJECTIVES:

opinion, size, age, shape, colour, material, origin, purpose NOUN

 

The beautiful small new round lime-green aluminum Martian flying machine is right there. TOO MANY ADJECTIVES – PICK 2-3

 

*opinion, size, age, shape, colour, material, origin, purpose NOUN

 

My grandmother broke her gorgeous sky-blue English teapot.

Shari loves to listen to ancient Persian music.

The dog plays with a big round plastic chew toy.

Yuko collects old Japanese tea sets.

 

That is a green nice sweater. XXX sounds weird

That is a nice green sweater.

 

individual adjectives – good for simple ideas

 

more complicated, subtler, more in-depth description – use adjective clauses

 

Three most common pronouns for adjective clauses: who that which

95% of the time: who that which

 

Other less commonly used pronouns for adjective clauses:

whom, where, whose – NOT USED OFTEN

whom – rarely used, very fancy sounding, like a grammar book

Native English speakers rarely use ‘whom’.  We say ‘who’.

 

MY ADVICE: Forget about ‘whom’. It is not important. You don’t need it.

One exception about ‘whom’- writing to someone, don’t know who will be receiving the letter

One exception:

GREETING: To whom it may concern,

e.g. business letter, legal letter, reference letter

Not an everyday occurrence. Pretty rare.

 

 

FOCUS ON HIGH-FREQUENCY USAGE: who that which – 95% of the time

 

who – used for people, any people, sounds nice, sounds polite and respectful

 

that- things that are not alive, animals, people (sounds a little disrespectful, you don’t that person)

 

SUBTLETY IN ENGLISH, signal your opinion of a person:

The guy that my sister married is odd. adjective clause

The man who my other sister married is awesome. adjective clause

 

‘that’ is a multiuse word in English

Who is that? Not an adjective clause, sounds polite

Who is that woman you were talking to?

That is a beautiful baby!

Is that your son? -sounds ok

 

FOCUS –‘that’ in adjective clauses

 

 

 

 

which- special things (special to you), unique things

 

This is a watch that I bought last week. not special

I really like the watch which my dad gave me for my 18^th birthday. special

 

witch – a magical woman

 

wedding ring – which

necklace that your grandmother gave you – which

toothbrush – that

glasses- that

 

 

REVIEW: who   that   which

 

EXAMPLES

who- people

My neighbour who is very elderly does not like my son to play in the backyard.

who is very elderly adj cl  SV

 

elderly(adj) – elder, senior, aged (Biblical), older, old (doesn’t sound polite), senior citizen

Her dad is getting older. He is older now. He is 79.

 

IDIOMS impolite- one foot in the grave, one paw in the grave, on his last legs, knocking on Heaven’s door, long in the tooth, ready to give up the ghost

That old dog is long in the tooth. very old

 

long in the tooth (idiom)- horses teeth grow their whole life, also mice, also beavers

 

Sometimes people who are very elderly start to worry about going to heaven. They start going to church and praying and reading Holy books.

“They are cramming for the final.”

‘cramming for the final’ - studying all night before a big test

cram- study hard in a short period of time

‘cram schools’ – Japan, school that promote intense studying for a exam

 

Jun’s sister who lives in Spain is a nurse.

Jun’s sister that lives in Spain is a nurse. SOUNDS STRANGE, Don’t use ‘that’ for a person.

 

COMMON ERROR:

Jun’s sister who lives in Spain.  sentence fragment, not a complete sentence, half a sentence

*In a sentence with an adjective clause, you have to say two things, two SV.

Jun’s sister who lives in Spain is a nurse. 1 2

The phone that she bought was not expensive. 1 2

 

 

that – animals, things, people we don’t like or don’t respect (rare)

Marta has a dog who that has cute floppy ears. ‘who’ sounds strange for animals

Shirin got a new phone that has a seven-inch screen.

I met the guy that Joanne is seeing now. -sounds like don’t like him

The guy that my sister married is a bit of a clown.

a clown -  a loser

 

The guy that my sister married is a clown.

a bit of a – a little bit

My friend is a bit of a drama queen.

drama queen- big emotions all the time, like an actor, dramatic, big show, like a soap opera

 

The guy that my sister married is coming over for a visit. -secret message- don’t like him much-

The guy who my sister married is coming over for a visit. – secret message- like him-

The guy who my sister married is really good fellow.

 

SOURCE OF CONFUSION ‘that’ is used in many ways

-noun clauses

-adjective clauses

-a pronoun

 

multi-use word, confusing

Examples

That sandwich was delicious. pronoun

The sandwich that she made was very tasty. adj cl

I think that that sandwich was scrumptious. noun clause, pronoun

 

She thinks that that sandwich that you made was so good that she wants to have another one.

confusing, not good writing, grammar is fine

 

That guy is really tall. pronoun

 

*which – special things, unique things

special things- You decide if it is special to you.

I have a silver ring which my son gave me. a special thing to me

Mei is wearing the jade necklace which her grandmother gave to her.

Shirin is wearing the jade necklace that her grandmother gave to her. (sounds like a regular necklace, not special)

Clara put the picture which her son painted for her up on the fridge.

 

unique things- only one in the world

Beijing, which is the capital of China, hosted the 2022 Olympic Winter Games. unique

Marta visited the Eiffel Tower, which is in Paris.

Marta visited the Eiffel Tower that is in Paris. XXX

 

Examples from my other EF56 students:

1.    His house, which is located in North Vancouver, is very expensive.

2.    I came to Vancouver, which is the best city to live in the world.

3.    I would like to visit my grandmother who will turn 100 years old.

4.    My son who is 12 loves to play with Lego.

5.    My friend who is very beautiful is a fashion model.

6.    Her dog that has a long tail is brown.

7.    I visit my mother who lives in Ottawa.

8.    I went to the aquarium which is in Stanley Park.

9.    The girl who is wearing the red shirt is my little sister.

10.                       My daughter who plays violin decided to study music.

11.                       I love the ring which my husband gave me on/for my birthday.

12.                       Joe bought a new laptop that cost $2000.

13.                       The young woman who is standing on the corner is my classmate.

14.                       My friend visited the park which is close to my home.

15.                       I have a lot of apples that my mother gave me yesterday.

16.                       My boss who is very polite resigned yesterday.

17.                       I went to the aquarium which is in Stanley park.

18.                       James wore a fine black tux which his dad gave him.

 

 

HOMEWORK: Try some of the exercises on the sheets. We will go over them tomorrow. No need to email them to me.