WI567 Class 21

 

Replacement quiz and test- second last day of the course, late January, Thursday- optional opportunity to replace one quiz and/or one test

 

 

Today’s Agenda

·      Attendance

·      Begin complex sentences- noun clauses

·      Continue topic sentences- examples from homework

·      NEW IDEA-Begin grabbers, hooks

·      Begin Definition paragraphs- upcoming paragraph probably this week

 

 

Wednesday

·      Continue noun clauses

 

 

Coming up!

·      Phrasal verbs

·      Modals/Modal Auxiliairies

 

 

REVIEW OF FUNDAMENTAL SENTENCE TYPES:

*SIMPLE

*COMPOUND

*COMPLEX adverb clauses, noun clauses, adjective clauses

 

Every sentence that you write should be one of these types.

 

Daily practice is the best/most effective to learn a new skill.

Hopefully you are doing a few minutes of practice every day on your sentences.

If you are doing the regular practice, I’m sure you are seeing incremental improvements.

incremental- little bit better all the time

 

If you are doing daily practice, then there will be change.

** You can start any day.**

 

anecdote- a short personal story

 

 

***

NOUN CLAUSES- a type of clause for a complex sentence

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noun Clauses

 

noun – person, place, thing, idea

 

noun clause -  a group of words that has a Subject and a Verb and that acts as a noun

 

Noun clauses are used with verbs that have to do with the brain and cognition (thinking): think, feel, believe, know, understand, forget, remember, recall, realize, recognize, worry, wonder, etc.

 

cog- recognize

re- again

ize- verb

 

Noun clauses also go with verbs about speaking: say, yell, whisper, shout, suggest, speak, advise, holler, murmur, stutter, call out, cry out, mention, etc.

 

noun clause- think/talk = brain and mouth

 

We most often connect these verbs with these words: that, what, why, how

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Two pools of words to choose from for noun clauses:

A.   VERBS

think, feel, believe, know, understand, forget, remember, recall, realize, recognize, worry, say, yell, whisper, shout, suggest, find, predict, regret, speak, advise, holler, murmur, stutter, call out, cry out, mention, wonder, see, hear- understand

 

B.    that, what, why, how

 

Choose an A word and put it with a B word.

Mix and match A+B.

 

Examples of complex sentences with noun clauses:

 

*A think + B that

I think that she is right.

Joanne thinks that her son is very tall for his age. noun clause

I don’t think (that) it will rain today.

Jun doesn’t think (that) Marta is telling the truth.

Mei thinks that she forgot her key. Mei thinks she forgot her key.

Your mom doesn’t think that you should stay out too late tonight.

I don’t think that you should go to the party.

Mei’s sister thinks that Mei should get a Covid test.

I think (that) I messed up my test.

He thinks (that) she is very smart.

I think (that) horror movies are not approriate for children.

I think (that) every emotional person loves art.

I think (that) all emotional people love art.

 

COMPLEX SENT- adverb clauses, noun clauses, adjective clauses

VARIATION

Mei’s sister thinks that she should get a Covid test. unclear

I think that studying English will give me new opportunities. gerund

          We all know that eating well is good for our health.

 

OPTION: You can OMIT ‘that’

Joanne thinks that her son is very tall for his age. noun clause

Joanne thinks her son is very tall for his age. noun clause

I think that it will rain today.

I think it will rain today.

Probably native English speakers would leave out the ‘that’. You don’t have to. Either way sounds great.

 

think + that  will/would

I think that would be nice. – possibly will happen, might happen

I think that will be nice. – definitely will happen, certain

possibility- We could go for a hike tomorrow. I think that would be nice.

definite- We are going for a hike tomorrow. I think that will be nice.

We will have a two-week break after next week. He thinks that will be relaxing.

 

OPTIONS:

I think that will be nice.

I think that that will be nice.

 

FUN Matt thinks that that cat is fat.  – almost like a tongue twister

 

*realize + that - quickness

I realize that I gave you the wrong answer.

I realized that he cheated me.

I got to school and realized that I forgot my phone at home.

I realize that you don’t like school, but you still have to do your best. COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE

She just realized that she left her stove on and her door unlocked.

OCD- obsessive thoughts, compulsive action

 

Mei just realized that she made a mistake.

I realize that the work is hard.

 

**You can omit ‘that’ if you wish. It’s pefectly ok to leave it in.

Joe realized that he was wrong.

Joe realized he was wrong.

 

She realized that she had won the lottery.

She realized she had won the lottery.

 

 

DIFFERENT MEANINGS

Joe realized how he was wrong.

Joe realized why he was wrong.

e.g. I know that I got the job, but I don’t know how I got the job.

I am glad that you married me, but I am confused why you married me.

Don’t ask why?

 

*find out + that

I just found out that Joe got married yesterday.

He found out that his friend lied to him.

She found out that that girl likes her.

 

future tense

She doesn’t know what time the shipment will arrives. She will find out.

 

I found out from my classmate that we have a test today.

She found out from her sister that there is going to be a big sale on handbags tomorrow.

I found out from my mother that my uncle won the lottery.

marriage-high frequency word matrimony-less commonly used

 

 

*figure out-

She figured out how she could get a new phone for $200.

I figured out how to play electric guitar. infinitive

I figured out how I could get better at electric guitar.

 

You can figure out how to V.

I figured out how to get out of the escape room. VERY AUTHENTIC

She figured out how to use her new laptop.

 

* find + that    find-opinion

Do you find it cold?

She finds that Vancouver is very expensive.

May finds that the room is warm. COMPLEX- N CL

May finds the room warm. SIMPLE

I found the movie boring. I found that the movie was exciting.

Doris finds him strange.

Doris thinks that he is strange. Doris thinks he is strange.

 

find out- discover

figure out– find a solution, solve a problem

find- opinion

 

He finds that the food is too salty. COMPLEX- N CL

He finds the food is too salty. COMPLEX- N CL

He finds the food salty. SIMPLE

 

I find him to be too loud. SIMPLE

I find that he can get loud. COMPLEX- N CL

 

 

In my opinion, it is ok for kids to make lego guns. I find that teachers are too sensitive about that sort of thing.

 

 *NOTES ‘that’ is a tricky word in English

that – many uses

noun clauses and adjective clauses, confusing

          ‘that book’

 

* wonder + why

I was wondering why you are always late.

I wonder why my dog stares at me.

She wonders why her son is not doing well in math.

The little kid wondered why he couldn’t make a lego gun.

 

wonder=ponder

 

* wonder + how – to do something, how something happens

I wonder how I can fix this computer.

I wonder how the mouse got into my apartment.

We all wonder how she does it.

She is wondering how she will be able to pay for college.

CASUAL AUTHENTIC I wonder where I’ll find the money for tuition.

I don’t have money for expensive clothes. SIMPLE

IDIOM I’m not made of money. Money doesn’t grow on trees.

I’m not Rockerfeller.

 

EXAMPLES:

I wonder how to get a US visa. SIMPLE?

I wonder how I can get a US visa. COMPLEX- NOUN CL

I wonder how to be a better mother.

I wonder how I can be a better friend.

 

I wonder why the screen keeps blanking out.

 I wonder why she always picks the wrong guy.

 

She wonders how she can make dumplings the same as her mother did. noun clause adverb clause

 

 

*know + why

Jun doesn’t know why Keiko is angry at/with him.

Jun didn’t know why Keiko was angry at/with him.

Do you know why the teacher is late?

Do you know why Mei is upset?

Do you know why the bus is late?

I don’t know why it’s late. I guess that it is because it is snowing.      

 

I guess-less certain

I think- more certain

I know- certain

 

Rose knows why the sky is blue. Sunlight is refracted in the atmosphere.

 

Jacob knows why Sarah quit her job.

Jacob doesn’t know why Sarah quit her job.

I don’t know why she is not feeling well.

Sarah knows why her sister is smiling, but she doesn’t want to tell me.

 

COMPOUND COMPLEX

Mei doesn’t know why her husband is always forgetting his keys in the

door.

 

CONTINUE TOMORROW