WI567 Class 18

 

Today’s Agenda

·      Attendance

·      Quiz3 – complex sentences- adverb clauses

·      Topic Sentences

·      Begin grabbers

·      Causative verbs

 

Friday

·      “Self-Assessment Reflection”

·      Vocab exercises

·      Topic Sentences

·      Begin grabbers

·      Causative verbs

 

Coming up!

·      Phrasal verbs

·      Modals/Modal Auxiliairies

 

 

 

Quiz3

Paper

Doublespace

Pen

Dictionaries away

Write a complex sentence with an adverb clause for each.

Pass it in by 12:25

1.    in order to           complete

2.    before                   calm

3.    since                     request

4.    while                     news

5.    because                complain

6.    if                            company

7.    even though       salary

 

 

Causative Verbs

 

Causative verbs make other verbs act.  They cause actions to occur.

cause and effect-

 

VOCAB causation, cause- cause and effect, stimulus and result

-something that makes something else happen

-chemistry – catalyst – chemical that causes another chemical to react

 

Both of the previous sentences contained causative verbs.

 

“Causative verbs make other verbs act.  They cause actions to occur.”

 

The most frequently used causative verbs are as follows:

 

help, allow, invite, require, motivate, encourage, get, convince, persuade, hire, assist, permit, employ, force, tell, ask

 

Which of these causative do you know already?

 

Examples:

-require- demands

Being a nurse requires patience.

Being a parent demands your attention, care and patience.

I need some coffee.

You are required to have Eng12, Chem12 and Math12 to get into BCIT.

acquire/require

-motivate(v) motivation(n) motivating(adj) motive(n)-reason

She motivated herself to learn Spanish. causative verb + infinitive

 

-get- to ask/make someone do something

I got my daughter to put the dishes away.

 

I got a birthday gift. Not causative, different meaning of ‘get’

 

My older brother got me to get some fruit for him.

 

My wife got me to buy her a new-to-her car.

 

SPECIAL ‘let’

 

permit(n) You need a business permit to open a store.

permit (v) You permit your dog to sleep on your bed.

                                 

EXAMPLES OF CAUSATIVE VERBS

 

The mother convinced her shy son to play with the other kids.

The salesperson convinced the customer to buy a luxury car.

I convinced my husband to go to the doctor.

I persuade/force/encourage myself to improve my English.

Kokob hired a plumber to fix my sink.

She was hired by the boss to finish the project. passive voice

I hired a lawyer to represent/advocate for me in court/the hearing. active voice

 

PASSIVE AND ACTIVE VOICE

Pawan drank the coffee. active voice

The coffee was drunk by her. passive voice

 

 

-assist- to help, careful help

assist(v)   assistant(n, person)   assistance(n)

The worker wanted to assist me to choose/in choosing a new tie.

The secretary assisted the mayor to write/in writing his speech.

The secretary helped the mayor to write his speech.

I assisted my mother-in-law to walk/in walking onto the plane.

 

 

hire/employ

Shira was hired to print the draft of the document.

Nat has been employed as an accountant since 2005.

 

VOCAB

fire- He was fired for being late every day.

lay off- She was laid off due to Covid.  Canada- EI (employment insurance)

 

 

I ask/expect you to interact with the class orally every day.

I expect you to engage in sustained conversation daily.

I forced my young son to take a bath.

She forces her daughter to exercise regularly.

He forces himself to speak in (the) class at least once a day.

 

 

-tell

I tell my son to respect seniors.

 

 

 

 

 

 

-ask

I asked/get/tell a taxi driver to take me to the hospital.

She asks her best friend to carry a watermelon for her. CAUSATIVE

 

I asked my daugher about the meaning of some vocab words. NOT CAUSATIVE

I asked my daughter to explain about the meaning of some vocab words. CAUSATIVE

 

He asked for an Americano. NOT CAUSATIVE

He asked the barista to make him a cappucino. CAUSATIVE

I told my daughter to eat something.

 

 

hire/higher

hire- give people job

Jun was hired to work in the grocery section. -passive voice

Dora hired Jun to work in the grocery section. – active voice

I hired a guy to build a metal gate in my yard.

They decided to hire a new manager.

I hired/rented a car. SIMPLE

I rented a car to drive my fmaily to Kelowna.

 

recruit- go out and find employees

 

made -requires a big difference in status

I made my dog get into the tub.

 

get-half ask, half request, half employ, half make

I hired a guy to build a fence.

I got a guy to build a fence.

Could I get you to help me carry these books?

 

appoint- place someone in a job, no interview, government

Marie was appointed to be the Minister of Health.

Marie was appointed the Minister of Health.

It is government appointment.

 

allow - let

We allowed our daughter to have a bunch of her friends over to play Dungeons&Dragons.

I allowed my sister to come into my room.

You don’t allow your brother to use your nice coloured pencils.

I allowed my son to go for a movie night and sleepover at his friend’s house.

I won’t allow you to treat me poorly any more.

I will not allow you to hurt me any more.

You are not allowed to use a cell phone while you are driving.

I allowed asked/told my son to do his homework.

 

DIFFERENT GRAMMAR

allow to go We allowed him to go to the party.

let go We let him go to the party.

 

I allowed myself to have a nice treat yesterday.

She let herself have a nice treat yesterday.

 

permit-allow

The government permits people on work visas to take classes at South Hill. permit-sounds quite formal, official

The government allows people on work visas to take classes at South Hill.

 

let  let + infinitive – ‘to’   “let to take classes”

The government lets people on work visas to take classes at South Hill.

Let’s go. Let’s to go.

Let’s = Let us

Let’s go (to) see a movie.

 

I allow my sister to come into my room.

I let my sister come into my room.

 

let- imprecise translation from Chinese

 

go + VERB- have to leave this place

I’m going to have some lunch.

I’m going to go have some lunch. -means, have to leave

She is going to make some coffee.

She is going to go (and)* make some coffee.

Go (and) play!

Go (and) have fun.

Go (and) walk around.

*A native English speaker would probably not say ‘and’.

 

 

Examples relating to the novel Animal Farm

The animals allowed the pigs to have the best food.

Boxer motivated the other animals to work hard.

Squealer told the animals to be on the lookout for Snowball.

 

 

Farimah, could I get you to open the window? – polite command

I got my son to wash the dishes.  between ‘ask’ and ‘force’

I got my son to put his laundry away.

The manager got the servers to polish the cutlery.

cutlery- fancier

utensils- not as fancy, plastic fork

We have to get someone to pick up the kids.

 

get – there is an expectation that the person will be willing to do the thing

 

I will get you to put your phones away during the test.

 

force – very very strong

The police officer forced the robber to lay on the ground.

The judge compelled/forced the man to pay his child support.

I feel compelled to warn you about travelling to North Korea.

My mom always forced me to wash the dishes.

My mom always forces me to wash the dishes.

 

Most commonly used ones: help, allow, invite, convince, hire, encourage, tell, ask.

We use these ones most every day.

 

help I help my brother (to) stop playing video games.

I help my brother (to) get rid of his old clothes.

I help my brother (to) quit video games/smoking.

My friends help me (to) repair my broken computer.

My friends help me (to) repair my broken heart.

I help my friend (to) do her homework.

 

GRAMMAR FOR CAUSATIVE VERBS:

These verbs are followed by a noun or pronoun followed by an infinitive ‘to go, to see, etc’

Examples:

help    infinitive

Mei helped me to do my homework.

I help my friend to fix his computer.

help somebody do some action

 

The mother allows her son to play video games.

She allows her pet cockatiel to perch on the windowsill.

 

allow- permit to something fun or good

The mother allows her daughter to do homework. STRANGE

The mother allows/permitted her son to play video games.

The mother will allow her daughter to go to the sleepover.

 

ERROR WITH VERB TENSE

The mother allowed her daughter to went to the sleepover. XXX

The mother allowed her daughter to go to the sleepover.

The mother will allow her daughter to go to the sleepover.

 

GOOD

allowed to go- causative, passive voice

She was allowed to go to the sleepover. PASSIVE VOICE

Am I allowed to rewrite the test? PASSIVE VOICE

 

I will invite my friends to come to my house.

I will invite my friends coming to my house. XXX

 

 

I couldn’t convince my father to get a cell phone.

We hired a carpenter to build a new patio on our house.

I was hired to fulfill online orders. PASSIVE VOICE

Junko was hired to babysit every Wednesday night. PASSIVE VOICE

 

She encourages herself to be braver.

He encourages his daughter to go to university.

 

Another Causative verb: inspire

Furas’s father inspires him to be a patient person.

 

Winnie sometimes has to force her son to go to school.

You should force yourself to speak English every day.

 

tell

I told my wife to buy herself something nice.

He told his sister to come over for supper.

Mei tells her son to be a kind person.

Dave told his children to pick up their socks.

We told the kids to go out and play.

How could you eat my sandwich? Question

 

She told her husband to register their daughter in summer school. told-causative verb  to register-infinitive, result

She tells her husband to register their daughter in summer school.

She will tell her husband to register their daughter in summer school.

 

She tells her husband for registering their daughter in summer school. XXX

She tells her husband to register their daughter in summer school.

 

Difference between say/tell

She told me that she will be late today. noun clause

She told me to get some milk.

 

She said, “I will be late today.”

She said that she will be late today.

 

Another Causative verb: teach

Samanez used to teach people to speak French.

 

very common causative verb - ask

Shira asked her sister to cook kabob next Saturday night.

I will ask my friend to lend me his truck.

 

CONFUSED

borrow- take

lend- give/loan

You borrow a book from the library.

The library lends/loans you the book.

Could you borrow lend me a pencil?

Could I borrow a pencil (from you)?

 

 

The basic pattern for causative verbs is

causative verb + infinitive

e.g. Mary asked her son to walk the dog.

 

 

Four other causative verbs do not follow this pattern.  The causative verbs help, have, make and let are followed by a noun/pronoun and the base form of the verb (which is actually an infinitive with the "to" left off).

 

‘help’ can be used two ways:

help + infinitive OR infinitive without ‘to’

a.     Mei helped me to do my homework.

b.    Mei helped me do my homework.

 

I want to help my daughter fix her bicycle.

I want to help my daughter to fix her bicycle.

 

You help your grandmother buy groceries.

You help your grandmother to buy groceries.

 

have- ask/tell/request

I took my car to the garage. I had the mechanic change the oil and top up the fluids.

Sarah’s daughter is turning 11 next week. She is having a few friends come over to celebrate.

 

Thank you for having me (come on the show).

Thank you for having me (come over for dinner).

 

I am having a few friend come over to my place to watch the Stanley Cup Playoffs.

 

 

make-force

She makes him do his homework.

She makes him to do his homework. XXX

 

She forces him to do his homework.

She makes him do his homework.

 

Both perfect- your choice

She made her son finish his project before he could play any video games.

She forced her son to finish his project before he could play any video games.

 

 

let – allow, just allow, no other causation

He lets his daughter use his camera.

He allow his daughter to use his camera.

I don’t allow my dog to sleep on my bed.

I don’t let my dog sleep on my bed.

She allows her tenant to smoke in the backyard.

She lets her tenant smoke in the backyard.

 

She lets her tenant to smoke in the backyard. XXX

 

Doug allows Mei to borrow his truck whenever she wants.

Doug lets Mei borrow his truck whenever she wants.

Would you let/allow me use your phone for a minute?

let- more casual, friendly tone, relaxed

allow-stricter, serious rules, authority

You are not allowed to smoke on school grounds.

 

 

You are not allowed to use your cell phone while you are driving.

adverb clause- complex sentence

 

let- only for nice things

Mei let her daughter ride her bicycle.

Mei let her daughter do her homework. NOT LIKELY

I let my son play Fortnite.

 

Let me know. Let me to know.

Allow me to get the door for you.

Allow me to get the bill. It’s my treat. It’s on me.

Let me get it.

 

Let’s go!  Let us go.

 

 

 

 

 

 

GOOD POINT: Only have, make and let are special.  No ‘to’

REMEMBER: Help can be used either way.

 

I told my son ten times to put the dishes away.

I made my son to put the dishes away. no ‘to’

made- strong, order, close to ‘force’

 

let-allow

I allowed my son to play PS5 when he finished his homework.

I let my son play PS5 when he finished his homework.

 

I let Butter to sleep by my bed.

I allow Butter to sleep by my bed.

 

The government makes all men (who are) over 19 go into the army for a certain length of time.

 

conscription(n)- the governement forces all men, possible women, to join the armd forces- army, navy, air force

 

volunteer army-

 

enlist(v)- to join the army, navy or air force

She enlisted in the navy.

enrol- join a class

She enroled in a yoga class.

 

Are have, make and let important to know?

have = get to   She had the repair person fix the window. She got the repair person to fix the window.

 

make = force to ALTERNATIVES

He made the dog sit. He forced the dog to sit.

 

He made the dog sit.  ‘sit’ stays the same    make changes tense

He makes the dog sit.

He will make the dog sit.

 

***

 

Causative verbs with verb tenses:

She helps her parents (to) keep the house in order. SIMPLE PRESENT

She helped her parents keep the house in order. SIMPLE PAST

She will help her parents keep the house in order. SIMPLE FUTURE

She is helping her parents keep the house in order. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS

She was helping her parents keep the house in order. PAST PROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS

She has helped her parents keep the house in order. PRESENT PERFECT

 

 

PRACTICE:

Write a few sentences that use causative verbs.

help, allow, invite, convince, hire, encourage, force, tell, ask

help,

 

have, make, let  - no ‘to’

help- either way

Jeff helped Mike to fix his car.

Jeff helped Mike fix his car.

 

 

He convinced his son not to not buy the expensive sneakers.

He couldn’t convince his son to not buy the sneakers.

 

 

 

 

convince- give somebody reasons why they should agree with you

He convinced/persuaded his wife to move to Calgary.

 

EXAMPLE

He invited his parents to come to their grandson’s birthday party.

He asked me about the class. SIMPLE

He asked me to pick him up at the airport. CAUSATIVE

My friend helps me with my move. NOT CAUSATIVE

My friend helps me to move to a new place. CAUSATIVE

I asked my friends to help me to move. CAUSATIVE

I asked my friends so that I could move more easily. COMPLEX SENTENCE- ADV CL

 

**My goal in this course is to show options for writing great sentences.

 

He met for lunch with a friend.

He met for lunch with some friends.

 

 

I asked my friends so that I could move more easily. COMPLEX- ADV CL

I asked my friends, so I could move more easily. COMPOUND

, SOBA

 

 

 

YOUR EXAMPLES:

My friend invited me to her birthday party. NOT CAUSATIVE

My friend invited me to come to her birthday party. CAUSATIVE

 

Smoking is not allowed in this area. NOT CAUSATIVE

It is not allowed to smoke in this area. XXX

You are not allowed to smoke in this area.

 

You cannot smoke here. It is not allowed.

It is not allowed to smoke. XXX