Today’s Agenda
Today’s Agenda
·
Attendance
·
Begin Complex sentences- adverb clauses
·
Dialogue “Choosing a Phone Plan”
·
Teach grabbers- paragraphs
Test2-paragraph Thursday
Wednesday
then- EXCEPTION
She went to school; afterwards, she went home.
She went to school; then she went
home. NO COMMA
She went to school, then she went home. XXX CS comma splice
*SIMPLE SENTENCES – 1 main/independent clause
SV
SSV SVV SSVV
Imperative Interrogative
*COMPOUND SENTENCES , SOBA
; ; TRANS,
2 main clauses/independent clauses joined
together
1.
, FANBOYS , SOBA
2.
;
semicolon
3.
;
TRANS, e.g. ; moreover,
*COMPLEX SENTENCES - 1 main clause and 1
subordinate clause
- adverb clauses THIS WEEK
- noun clauses NEXT WEEK
- adjective clauses IN TWO WEEKS (after Xmas)
COMPLEX SENTENCES=
simple sentence + subordinate clause
(dependent clause)
main clause + subordinate clause
main clause = independent clause
-independent-
independent person- by yourself, support
yourself/make your own money, don’t need help ,buy your own groceries, cook
your own food, do your own laundry, not needy- need emotional support
-dependent
-dependent person – needs help, can’t stand by
yourself, need support, cook for them, drive them around, needy
independent clause- a group of words with SV,
is a simple sentence
dependent clause- a group of words with SV,
not a sentence
The sky is
blue. SIMPLE SENTENCE, INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
although it is chilly. DEPENDENT CLAUSE, SENTENCE FRAGMENT
The sky is
blue. Although it is chilly. XXX
The sky is
blue although it is chilly.
COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE
Mei is tired today. Because she had insomnia
last night. XXX
FIX
Mei is tired today because she had insomnia
last night. 1 complex sent
Mei is tired today. She had insomnia last
night. 2 simples
COMPLEX SENTENCE- ADVERB CLAUSES
Most commonly-used words –
because
when if
because – give a reason
Joan is
happy today. Her son is visiting
her. Two main clauses. Two simple sentences.
Turn one of the main clauses into a
subordinate clause. +because
1.
main
clause + adverb clause
Jun is happy today because
her son is visiting her.
Jun is happy because
her son is visiting her today.
Jun is
happy today. Her son is visiting
her. 2 SIMPLES
Jun is
happy today because her son is
visiting her. 1 COMPLEX, ADV CL
NOTE: no comma before ‘because’
‘because’ coordinating conjunction- grammar
term
2.
adverb
clause, + main clause
Because Jun’s son is visiting her, she is
happy today.
Because Jun’s son is visiting her today, she is
happy.
NOTE: need a comma
*** The two ways:
Jun is happy today because
her son is visiting her.
Because Jun’s son is visiting her today, she is
happy.
*** Either way is good. It is your choice.
HIGHER LEVEL STYLE: In general, the independent
clause is the most inportant information in the sentence. However, you can
raise the importance of the dependent clause by placing it first, before
the independent clause.
flip the clauses- change the order of the clauses
because = since = as
Jun is happy today because
her son is visiting her.
Jun is happy today since
her son is visiting her.
Jun is happy today as
her son is visiting her.
COMMON ERROR:
Jun is
happy, because her son is visiting
her today. XXX
Small error with the comma.
EXAMPLES
He is hungry because
he skipped lunch.
Because he skipped lunch, he
is hungry.
He is tired because he didn’t get enough
sleep.
She bought me a chocolate cake because it is
my birthday.
Because it is my birthday, she bought me a
chocolate cake.
** OLD-FASHIONED RULE- Don’t start your sentences with ‘because’.
It’s fine. I do. We can ignore this rule.
Because it’s snowing, some people are a little late. OK
Because it’s snowing – makes this the focus of the sentence
Because it’s snowing, some people are a little late. OK Complex sent
Because it’s snowing. SENTENCE FRAGMENT -not a whole sentence
fragment – piece
Some people are a little late because it’s snowy. Alternative
Some people are a little late – makes this the focus of the sentence
Either way is fine. It’s your choice. This is
more about style and intention than grammar.
COMMON SMALL ERROR WITH COMMAS
Some people are a little late, because it’s snowy. XXX
Don’t put a comma before ‘because’. You will
see people do it, but it isn’t the best choice. Keep your school writing at a
more formal level.
This is a stylistic choice concerning your
writing style.
stylistic(adj) style(n)
DISCLAIMER: My writing and speaking style
tends to be more formal than many. I aim to keep my writing and speaking style
formal especially for work, school, and business. I take a professional tone in
a professional situation.
Other people are much more casual in their
language usage.
You can decide what level of formality is
appropriate for any situation that you are in.
Some people are late because it is snowing.
COMPLEX SENT- ADV CL
Some people are late because there is snow.
COMPLEX SENT- ADV CL
Some people are late because is snowing. XXX
Some people are late because snow. XXX
Some people are late because of the snowy weather.
SIMPLE
NOTE there here
There is your
pen.
Here is her
hat.
Here is/are
your mittens.
MAIN THING ABOUT COMMAS WITH ADVERB CLAUSES:
The baby is crying because
she is hungry. NO COMMA
Because the baby is hungry, she
is crying. COMMA
MAIN CLAUSE (SIMPLE SENTENCE) + ADVERB
CLAUSE
MAIN CL + ADVERB CL = COMPLEX SENTENCE
FREE ADVICE: If you do adverb clauses like
that, they will always work. Everything will be ok.
*when - time
1. main clause + adverb
clause
Her dog gets
up when she gets
up. no comma
2.
adverb
clause, + main clause
When she gets up, her dog
gets up. comma
Call your sister when you get home.
When you get home, call your sister.
SAME MEANING- your choice
When Harim got up this morning, she was
surprised to see frost on the ground.
Harim was surprised to see frost on the ground
when she got up this morning.
*if- maybe yes, maybe no, don’t know, not
decided
1.
main
clause + adverb clause
Maria should start saving her money if
she wants to buy that expensive dress. no comma
2.
adverb
clause, + main clause
If Maria wants to buy that expensive dress, she
should start saving her money. comma
Call me if
you want to go for a hike.
If you want to go for a hike, call me.
I don’t go to the beach if it rains. SIMPLE
PRESENT VT- usual action
I don’t go to the beach if it is raining/rainy.
If there is heavy snow, listen
to the radio regarding school cancellations.
Listen to the radio. imperative (simple
sentence)
Close the door if
we are being too noisy.
Practice everyday if
you want to get better at jujitsu.
COMPLEX SENTENCES- ADVERB CLAUSES because
when if
Tomorrow, we will start to learn these ones:
time- after, before, ever since,
since, until, when, whenever,
while
place- wherever
condition - if,
even if, provided that, unless
manner- as,
as if, though, although, even though, so ... that
cause- because,
since
purpose- in
order that, in order to, so that,
CONTINUE TOMORROW
**Grabbers/hooks
Structure of a Paragraph:
Grabber/Hook
Topic sentence – topic, controlling idea
Supporting sentences
Concluding sentence
Grabber- hook
OPTIONAL – HIGHLY RECOMMENDED
MY ADVICE: When you are writing a paragraph or essay, begin
your paragraph or essay with a grabber/hook.
Grabbers/Hooks- used in advertising
Writing
-usually first sentence, before the Topic Sentence
-grabs the reader’s attention, hooks your reader attention
-makes them pay attention, makes them want to read your
writing
-effective attention-getting device for writing, highly
recommended
MY ADVICE: Use a grabber. It will make your writing way more
interesting.
PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE
Grabber
Topic sentence
Supporting sentences
Concluding sentence
Good for paragraphs, for essays, for speeches, e.g. TED
Talks https://www.ted.com/ TEDVancouver- downtown VPL
**
Seven
different kinds of grabbers/hooks top choose from:
1. -general
to specific statement, a funnel
-say
something big and general, then narrow it down to you specific topic funnel
\ /
||
Gold-paragraph
Write
about your first day in Vancouver.
I have had many exciting things
happen in my life. However, my first day in Vancouver was very exciting.
Grabber
TS
Funnel- talks about a topic generally,
and then focuses
Do
you have good memories your home country?
Most immigrants have fond memories
of their home country. So do I. I really miss my home country all the time.
It is normal for people to feel
nostalgic about the past. I have very good memories of my life in my home
country.
Everybody wants to have success in
their lives. Everybody wants to achieve their goals. Using
goalsetting techniques can help us to accomplish the objectives we want to
accomplish. Grabbers. Topic Sentence
goalsetting
techniques- making specific, realistic, measureable, time-bound plans
2. -write
a short anecdote- short personal story to illustrate a point, very short (1-2
short sentences)
VOCAB
anecdotes- short personal stories that illustrate a point
personalizes
your writing, establishes a connection to your reader,
establishes
empathy- same feeling
sympathy – feel sorry about someone’s situation
anecdote
is told first-person point-of-view “I”
first
person is very personal, friendly-sounding, close
Gold
paragraph
I have a pair of gold earrings that I
got from my grandmother. They are precious to me. Gold is a very metal for
several reasons.
When I was younger, I always had
trouble realizing the goals that I dreamed about for myself. Then I learned
about Goalsetting. This changed everything for me! Now, I will teach you.
3. -historical
reference- knowledge about history
Gold
paragraph
Canada, expecially BC, has a long
history of gold mining.
In
cultures all through time, gold has been used as currency.
Canada
has a long history of accepting immigrants. I also came to Canada as an
immigrant. My first day in Vancouver was an exciting day.
Throughout history, women have
usually been in less powerful positions than men. These days, women have
been claiming their rights to equality.
4. -fact
or statistic- numbers
Gold
para
24k
is the purest form of gold. Gold can be 99.99% pure.
k-karat
80%, four out of five, 2/3 of ...,
37,000,000 people...
*Often
used in advertising*
The population of Vancouver grows by
over 25000 every year. Most of these new people are immigrants. In 2022, I was
one of those new people. My first day in Vancouver was nerve-wracking.
People who use Goalsetting techniques to
help them achieve their goals have a 65% higher chance of achieving their goals
than people who do not. (bbc.com)
No comments:
Post a Comment