This is the
intermediate/advanced sentence writing tutorial, week 8 of 8.
We will get started
at 4:45.
You can see all of
the class notes on my blog: haleyshec.blogspot.com
Write it down so you
will have it: haleyshec.blogspot.com
You can check my class
blog any time- today, tomorrow or five years from now.
My email is ahaley@vsb.bc.ca
Agenda:
·
Review
·
Q&A, Question and Answer
Weeks 1-7
Types of sentences in English.
Sentence types/ sentence styles
- aimed at academic writing, business writing, official writing,
higher-level
-Not for texting, not for creative writing
Important to be able to express ourselves clearly. -express
your thoughts
3 types of sentences
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
building blocks of all good writing
Must master those sentence types.
SIMPLE- one independent clause, one main clause
SV SSV SVV
SSVV SVVV SSSV
Imperative – command, tell someone to do something
Interrogative – question
COMPOUND - two independent clauses, two main clauses- joined
together
like a seesaw
-SV , SOBA SV. SOBA ,
so , or , but , and
SOBA comes from FANBOYS
for, nor, and yet- rarely used by English speakers
-SV; SV semicolon , so = ;
, or = ; , but = ; , and = ;
-SV; TRANS, SV.
TRANS- transitional words, brings your writing to life,
Knowing and using these can make your writing very precise.
however
therefore also to tell the truth nevertheless in fact
moreover, hundreds more- learning a few dozen should be ok
COMPLEX
- adverb clauses
because if when since after before unless until
comma or no comma
- noun clauses
think believe know understand get remember forget say
that what how
- adjective clauses
who that which
whom - rarely used by English speakers, grammar book
who – peopl
that – things, animals
which- special things,
unique things
7 weeks -SIMPLE COMPOUND COMPLEX
Review them. Study them. Practice them. Use them.
Questions? Comments?
I was watching TV; somebody knocked on my door. NEUTRAL
MEANING
I was watching TV; suddenly, somebody knocked on my door.
MUCH CLEARER MEANING, CLEARER INTENTION
Transitonal words- very powerful, express your meaning
I was watching TV; unexpectedly, somebody knocked on my
door.
I was watching TV; loudly, somebody knocked on my door.
however therefore
I was watching TV which was turned up loud; unsurprisingly, somebody
knocked on my door.
TRANS – express your deeper meaning
I like living in Canada. It is cold. relationship is not clear
I like living in Canada even though it is cold. COMPLEX relationship
is clear
Canada is cold; therefore, I like living here. COMPOUND relationship
is clear
Canada is cold; nevertheless, I like living here. COMPOUND relationship
is clear
Transitional words are powerful tools.
however therefore
nevertheless – prestigious language, high quality language
You pick your own level. Your language can represent you
well.
Verb tenses
SIMPLE
-simple present- habitual active, habit, happens all the
time
-simple past – one event in the past, finished
-simple future - one event in the future ‘will’ MODAL
PROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS
-present progressive ‘ing’ needs an auxiliary verb
‘She is talking to her sister.”
-past progressive
‘ing’ – sounds more active, something happening, more energy
‘ing’ -something unexpected happens
I was watching TV when someone knocked on my door.
-future progressive – probably not used as much
He will be working tomorrow night.
PERFECT
-present perfect – started in the past, continues to now
Hakim has lived in Vancouver for two months.
has lived – present perfect- ‘lived’ past participle, not past
tense
PRESENT PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
live lived lived
go went gone
-past perfect Forget it! English speakers use simple past
instead.
I had lived in Montreal for three years. Not
commonly used
I lived in Montreal for three years. Use simple past
Sarah had gone to UBC from 2018 to 2021. Not
authentic English
Sarah went to UBC from 2018 to 2021. Authentic
English
My advice: Forget about past perfect. It is a dying relic of
the language.
-future perfect Double forget it! English speakers use
simple future.
Juan will have finished his work by 10PM. Sounds so
unnatural.
Juan will finish his work by 10PM. substitute simple
future
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
-present perfect progressive
Amir has been studying at SHEC for three months.
-past perfect progressive
Amir had been studying at SHEC for three months. Unusual
Amir was studying at SHEC for three months. Sounds authentic
--future perfect progressive Forget forget forget about it!
Amir will have been studying at SHEC for three
months. Very unusual
Amir will be studying at SHEC for three months.
Sounds authentic
Don’t be weird (joke). Listen to the people are talking.
Follow what you hear. Choose your level of grammar. I choose a fairly formal
level of speech, but not too formal.
Thank you, everybody.
I hope I will be able to do this again sometime.
It was fun.
Thank you, Karumi! Glad you could make it. Good luck
learning English in Japan. Sing English songs to improve pronunciation.
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