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https://us02web.zoom.us/j/84571759957?pwd=bWZlK1FJank2aUllUmx5TERjaUtYdz09
Meeting ID: 845 7175 9957
Passcode: BB3Hg9
First Nations – original people in a land
Aboriginal
Aboriginal peoples are under threat, in trouble, around the world, experience violence: Cuba, Australia, Finland, Canada, United States, Japan
Their land and way of life is being taken away
Brazil – Amazon jungle – fires- some of the tribes have never been contacted
Indigenous – Spanish “Los Indigenas”
Canada – First Nations 12,000-20,000 yrs
Australia- Aboriginals 60,000-80,000yrs
Archeology – studying ancient human settlements, structure, buildings, towns, villages
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
• Focus of BC new curriculum- First Nations
Curriculum – what we study in school
First Nations ways of knowing, culture, history in Canada
My school experiences- none of the history, social studies, literature of First Nations Peoples
The focus was on Europeans, settlers, White men in Canada
male-centred, Euro-centred
• Government controls education and what kids learn
BC curriculum
-English 12
-First People’s English 12, Lisa is the teacher next term
• What history did you study in school?
Words that people use –
- Native
-Aboriginal
(etymology- word history, ab – original word origin Latin ‘ab’ – beginning)
-First Nations – many groups, many cultures, many languages, the ‘s’ is important
-Indian – not used now, older term
• Talk about origin of the word ‘Indian’ due to geographical misunderstanding
Cuba, - West Indies
Christopher Columbus 1492
“Red Indian” – don’t use that name anymore, racist term ‘redskin’
“East Indian” – don’t use that name anymore
• racism towards First Nations people “Indians”
• dismissive, belittling, negative
• when I was young, people talked badly about First Nations people
• lots of First Nations kids in my school, segregated
At the time, it seemed normal.
• Tell this story
• policy at my university – have to finish your degree in seven years
student/ professor –led initiative to change it to 10 yrs
• racism against First Nations – BCTF AGM story
700 teachers
“equity-seeking groups” wanted representation
• First Contact Canada
* http://aptn.ca/firstcontact/
First Contact of Europeans with First Nations
• First Nations -Who they are?
• Small groups
“What do you know about First Nations people in Canada?”
Generate ideas on LCD
• First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples constitute Indigenous peoples in Canada, also called First Peoples. First Nations came into common usage in the 1980s to replace the term Indians
• Aboriginal, Indigenous
• First Nations- Indigenous people in the South (below Arctic Circle). Half of all First Nations bands are in Ontario and BC.
• Inuit (in-new-it) are the Indigenous people who live in the North. Used to be called ‘Eskimo’- disparaging term from French Esquimaux, from Montagnais ayas̆kimew ‘person who laces a snowshoe’. Montagnais, or Innu, are the Indigenous inhabitants of an area they refer to as Nitassinan, which comprises most of the northeastern portion of the present-day province of Quebec and some eastern portions of Labrador.
Discredited etymology ‘raw fish eater’
Website: https://www.itk.ca/about-canadian-inuit/#nunangat
Show map: “Inuit Map”
• Metis (may-tea) –‘s’ is silent, in most French words - a person of mixed Indigenous and European-American ancestry, in particular one of a group of such people who in the 19th century constituted the so-called Metis nation in the areas around the Red and Saskatchewan rivers. Metis comes from the French word ‘métis’, which means ‘mixed’. The term ‘metis’ is only for Canadian mixed First Nations and European
• mixed-race people
• 1600s Thousands of French men hunting, trapping beaver
The Hudson’s Bay Company, “The Bay” “HBC”
At one time, Canada was really owned by The Hudson’s Bay Company.
names change e.g. Canton- Guangdung, Peking- Beijing, Eskimo- Inuit
• Where did First Nations people come from?
• Every group/country/people/religion has a creation story
• Christian – The Bible – creation story – Adam and Eve, The Garden of Eden
• First Nations Creation Stories / Creation Myths
myth – legend, fiction, story, has a lot of meaning to the culture
Greek myths – Ancient Greece
Myth of Echo, Echo - nymph
Echo was in love with a boy, Narcissus, narcissist, narcissism
Narcissus fell into the water and drowned
Echo was so heartbroken, that she disappeared. The only thing that is left is her voice.
Greeks – pantheists, many gods and goddesses, God of Wine, God of War, God of the Sea
• Read “The Beginning of the HaidiGwaii World” on LCD
• Talk about Raven
- prominent role in the mythologies of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, including the Tsimishians, Haidas, Heiltsuks, Tlingits, Kwakwaka'wakw, Coast Salish, Koyukons, and Inuit. The raven in these indigenous peoples' mythology is the Creator of the world, but it is also considered a trickster god.
-two different raven characters:
-the creator raven, responsible for bringing the world into being and who is sometimes considered to be the individual who brought light to the darkness
-the childish raven, always selfish, sly, conniving, and hungry
• Show pictures “Raven1” “Raven2” “Raven and the First Men”
“Spirit of Haida Gwaii”
Haida jewelry
bear raven orca fox wolf eagle salmon
Bill Reid – popular Haida artist
• archaeology –study of human history
Terra Cotta warriors – China
Archaeological theories about origins of First Nations
archeology – archeo “old” ology “study”
• hominids – Neanderthal, Australopithicus, Cro Magnum
• homo sapiens- Man sapien – “wise” , about 100 000-250 000 yrs
• migration – humans or animal moving or travelling
Birds migrate south every winter.
• immigration- move to a new country, with a passport
• emigrate – leave a country to go to a new country for good
“Yuko emigrated from Japan. She immigrated to Canada.”
nomadic people – always on the move
DATES ARE BEING REVISED ALL THE TIME
• 200 000 years ago, Homo Sapiens in Africa
• 60 000 years ago, humans leave Africa
50 000 years ago reach Australia
• Second wave
35 000 years ago reach Middle East and Central Asia
• 40 000 years ago into Europe
• 25 000 years ago- Ice Age, ice bridge between Russia and Alaska
• 15 000 years ago humans cross The Bering Strait into North America
• Show video “Map Shows How Humans Migrated Across the Globe” (2m30s)
• WATCH THIS VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJdT6QcSbQ0&list=RDCJdT6QcSbQ0&start_radio=1
humans- curious, smart, want to travel, want to learn new things, want to work together, want to share, want to teach each other
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