EF5/6 Sentence combining

We have done lots of work on sentences.
I hope they're getting good for you!

SIMPLE

COMPOUND

COMPLEX

COMPOUND-COMPLEX

Every sentence, every time.


Sentence combining
-take two or three or four short sentences and put them together into one.
- create, build concise (as short as possible), dense (carrying a lot of meaning) sentences

BASIC EXAMPLE:
Today is sunny. kernel-centre
It is warm. Find new information. Avoid repetition.

The sentence that we write will be based on the kernel.

Today is sunny. warm
Today is sunny and warm.

Today is sunny, and it is warm. POOR CHOICE- REP, unnecessarily complicated, overwritten

The little girl likes to play soccer. KERNEL
She scores a lot of goals.

The little girl likes to play soccer. 
scores a lot of goals.

SOLUTIONS:
The little girl likes to play soccer and 
to score a lot of goals. SIMPLE
The little girl likes to play soccer, and she
scores a lot of goals. COMPOUND addition
The little girl scores a lot of goals, so she likes to play soccer. COMPOUND reason - more meaningful
The little girl likes to play soccer, so she scores a lot of goals. COMPOUND different meaning, reason 
The little girl scores a lot of goals; therefore, she likes to play soccer. COMPOUND reason

The little girl scores a lot of goals because she likes to play soccer. COMPLEX- adv cl
The little girl likes to play soccer because she scores a lot of goals. COMPLEX- adv cl, changed the meaning

The little girl who likes to play soccer scores a lot of goals COMPLEX- adj cl
Your daughter, who likes to play soccer, scores a lot of goals
The little girl who scores a lot of goals likes to play soccer. COMPLEX - adj cl

She likes to play soccer. She likes playing soccer.


The little girl who likes to play soccer scores a lot of goals COMPLEX- adj cl
The little girl who scores a lot of goals likes to play soccer. COMPLEX - adj cl
Difference in intention, focus.
What do you want the reader to focus on?
The little girl who likes to play soccer scores a lot of goals. adj cl is less important than the main cl
'scores' is the focus
STYLE
The little girl who scores a lot of goals likes to play soccer.
'likes' is the focus

My husband who is great with our kids is 38 years old.
STRANGE INTENT
My husband who is 38 years old is great with our kids. BETTER CHOICE
My husband is great with our kids. MAIN CLAUSE
who is 38 years old SUBORDINATE CLAUSE


MAIN CL - simple sentence, a sentence by itself
SUB CL - part of a sentence, n cl, adv cl, adj cl

COMBINING - consider our intention
What meaning do we want to convey? What do want to say?

KME p140
* Coordination - prefix 'co' together
coworker, cooperation, coordinate, coexistence
A B same level of importance in the sentence
2 main clauses
COMPOUND SENTENCE ,SOBA   ;TRANS,


 Subordination - prefix 'sub' under, lower level
subway, submarine, submit, subject
A B different levels of importance
COMPLEX

When we are doing sentence combining, we have to choose whether to coordinate or subordinate: COMPOUND, COMPLEX

This is above grammar. Grammar is for beginners.
This is style.

Ex.62
1. Boris tried counting sheep. He was too tired.
Boris tried counting sheep. kernel
He was too tired.
Boris tried counting sheep. kernel
too tired. NEW INFORMATION

SOLUTIONS
Boris tried counting sheep but was too tired. SIMPLE
Boris tried counting sheep, but he was too tired.

COMPOUND

Boris tried counting sheep; however, he was too tired. COMPOUND

Boris tried counting sheep although he was too tired.COMPLEX

Boris, who tried counting sheep, was too tired.

COMPLEX

Boris was too tired to count sheep. DIFFERENT

MEANING

Boris was too tired, but he tried counting sheep.

A big reason why writing is challenging, and exciting, is the decision-making you have to do.

3. I could eat a thick steak. I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae.
I could eat a thick steak and a large chocolate sundae. SIMPLE, OMIT 'enjoy'
I could enjoy a thick steak and a large chocolate sundae. SIMPLE, OMIT 'eat'
I could eat a thick steak; also, I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae. COMPOUND
I could eat a thick steak, but also I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae.
I could eat a thick steak; at the same time, I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae.
I could eat a thick steak; I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae at the same time. NEW STYLE
I could eat a thick steak with a large chocolate sundae.

Variety of sentences, sentence styles

4. Sean is very tall and very big-boned.
Sean, who is very tall, is also very big-boned.

Sean is very tall; also, he is very big-boned.

5. Dianne had a pounding headache, so she couldn't go to school.
Dianne had a pounding headache since/because she couldn't go to school. XXX logic?
Dianne couldn't go to school because she had a pounding headache.
Dianne, who had a pounding headache, couldn't go to school.
Dianne had a pounding headache; therefore/ thus/ for that reason/ consequently/ because of that, she couldn't go to school.

6. John is extremely well-to-do. He never flaunts his wealth.
John is extremely well-to-do, but he never flaunts his wealth.
Even though John is extremely well-to-do, he never flaunts his wealth.

8. The baseball player could barely see the ball in the setting sun, but she was able to catch it.
Even though the baseball player could barely see the ball in the setting sun, she was able to catch it.
The baseball player could barely see the ball in the setting sun; nevertheless/fortunately/amazing, she was able to catch it.
Unfortunately, the baseball player could barely see the ball in the setting sun; nevertheless, she wsa able to catch it.


Sentence variety.


Ex.63 for HW