paragraphs
1. descriptive - Organize physically, top to bottom, side to side, far away to close up
2. narrative - tell a story - Organize chronologically, time, step by step
3. process - teach how to do something, explain how something works Organize chronologically, time, step by step
4. persuasive - persuade, convince, make someone understand your opinion, agree Organize least important to most important
narrative - tell a story - Organize chronologically, time, step by step
narrate (v) - narrator (n) - narrative (adj)
WtC p32
Start with a Topic Sentence
topic - 11th birthday
controlling idea - best
- supporting sentences
-
-
-
-
-
-
Concluding sentence
Practice topic:
What are you going to do in August after we finish our course?
- ideas
-good sentences
In August after we finish our class, I'm going to stay in BC and have a staycation. On August 10th, the day after class ends, my parents are flying in from Toronto. The next day, we will all take the ferry to Victoria to visit my aunt and uncle. We will stay there for three days. Then we will drive to Tofino. We will go swimming and surfing in the ocean. My mother wants to go whale watching. After a week, we will drive up to Comox and take the ferry to Powell River. Then we will drive down the Sunshine Coast back to Vancouver. We will take two days to drive back to Vancouver. I'm really looking looking forward to spending time with my favourite people in my favourite places in my favourite time of year.
She looks forward to N eating/spending gerund
staycation = stay+vacation, stay close to home on your vacation
brunch = breakfast+lunch
smog = smoke+fog
Wednesday, 31 July 2019
EF5/6 Picture Differences 3 and car vocabulary
1. Bus route
2. Bus company name
3. Flag on the flagpole
4. Flower-print curtains
5. Signs in the market window - doz., lb.
6. Beauty shop/Barber shop
7. Barber and Beuaty Shop windows and door
8. Price of ice cream is different
9. Expression of the girl
10. Windows open or closed
11. One way sign
12. Bank/Hotel
13. Time and temperature on the clock
14. Barber pole
15. Parking/Bank
16. More apples in B
17. Bus driver's tie
18. Tree
19. Grill of the bus
doz. = dozen, 12
a baker's dozen = 13
hood of a car - England, the bonnet
trunk of a car - England, the boot
gas cap, gas tank
hubcap
windshield - England, the windscreen
rear window
rearview mirror
side mirror
roof
sunroof, moonroof
licence plate
dashboard
glove compartment
steering wheel
seatbelt
vanity mirror
sun visor
clutch
brake
gas
gearshift, stickshift
standard, automatic
Do donuts.
exhaust pipe
radiator
fan belt
carburetor
spark plugs
piston
the spare (extra wheel in the trunk)
jack (n) (v)
I jacked up the car with a jack.
headlight-low beams/high beams
Flash your brights.
door handle
automatic windows/locks
window button
cruise control
bumper/fender
"She got into a fender-bender." a very small accident
t-boned
"I got t-boned at the intersection of Main and 41st."
head-on
"Mary got into a head-on the highway."
rear-ended
"Sarah got rear-ended on Knight Street."
blackout - no electricity
My car got keyed at the hospital.
alloy - a mix of two metals
2. Bus company name
3. Flag on the flagpole
4. Flower-print curtains
5. Signs in the market window - doz., lb.
6. Beauty shop/Barber shop
7. Barber and Beuaty Shop windows and door
8. Price of ice cream is different
9. Expression of the girl
10. Windows open or closed
11. One way sign
12. Bank/Hotel
13. Time and temperature on the clock
14. Barber pole
15. Parking/Bank
16. More apples in B
17. Bus driver's tie
18. Tree
19. Grill of the bus
doz. = dozen, 12
a baker's dozen = 13
hood of a car - England, the bonnet
trunk of a car - England, the boot
gas cap, gas tank
hubcap
windshield - England, the windscreen
rear window
rearview mirror
side mirror
roof
sunroof, moonroof
licence plate
dashboard
glove compartment
steering wheel
seatbelt
vanity mirror
sun visor
clutch
brake
gas
gearshift, stickshift
standard, automatic
Do donuts.
exhaust pipe
radiator
fan belt
carburetor
spark plugs
piston
the spare (extra wheel in the trunk)
jack (n) (v)
I jacked up the car with a jack.
headlight-low beams/high beams
Flash your brights.
door handle
automatic windows/locks
window button
cruise control
bumper/fender
"She got into a fender-bender." a very small accident
t-boned
"I got t-boned at the intersection of Main and 41st."
head-on
"Mary got into a head-on the highway."
rear-ended
"Sarah got rear-ended on Knight Street."
blackout - no electricity
My car got keyed at the hospital.
alloy - a mix of two metals
Tuesday, 30 July 2019
EF5/6 Prepare for sentence combining party
Sentence combining Sheet 1
1.
The object looks long.
The object looks thin.
The object measures about 8 inches in length.
The object looks long and thin, and it measures about 8 inches in length.
The object looks long and thin and measures about 8 inches in length. OK, good
The object looks long, thin and measures about 8 inches in length. Parallel - long (adj) thin (adj) measure (V)
The object which looks long and thin measures about 8 inches in length.
SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX
CHOICE FOR THE TEST:
OPTION 1- 10 exercises, one solution each
OPTION 2- 5 exercises, two different solutions each
OPTION 3- 1 exercise, 10 different solutions
2. The object has many flat sides but appears (to be) rounded with a diameter that measures 1/8 inch.
The object has many flat sides, but it appears (to be) rounded with a diameter of 1/8 inch.
The object which appears rounded has many flat sides and a diameter that measures about 1/8 inch.
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND-COMPLEX
3. It comes in many colours outside and inside although the outside is usually yellow, and the inside is usually greyish black.
DENSER
It comes in many colours outside and inside although the outside is usually yellow, and the inside is usually greyish black. (21w)
Outside and inside come in many colours although usually the outside is yellow and the inside is greyish black. (19w)
Outside and inside come in many colours although usually the outside is yellow and the inside is greyish black. (19w)
Outside and inside come in many colours, usually yellow and greyish black, respectively. (13w)
respectively - in order
She has a boy and a girl, 13 and 15, respectively.
She has a boy and a girl- 13 and 15, respectively.
- dash, energy, informal
She has a boy and a girl: 13 and 15, respectively.
: colon, academic look, formal
STYLISH
IKEA
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
7. The longer you use the object, the shorter and duller it gets.
The longer you wait, the harder it will be.
The harder you work, the more money you make.
The harder the task, the more motivated she is.
8. The object is often used by students, artists, and office workers.
The object is often used by students, artists and office workers.
ddd, eee, and fff. Oxford comma, a bit old-fashioned, look a little stuffy
ddd, eee and fff.
Your choice.
4, There is often writing and a number such as a 2 or a 3 along the outside of the object.
There is a water bottle on the table.
There are two water bottles on the table.
There is a water bottle and a sandwich on the table.
There is a water bottle and three sandwiches on the table.
There are three sandwiches and a water bottle on the table.
1.
The object looks long.
The object looks thin.
The object measures about 8 inches in length.
The object looks long and thin, and it measures about 8 inches in length.
The object looks long and thin and measures about 8 inches in length. OK, good
The object looks long, thin and measures about 8 inches in length. Parallel - long (adj) thin (adj) measure (V)
The object which looks long and thin measures about 8 inches in length.
SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX
CHOICE FOR THE TEST:
OPTION 1- 10 exercises, one solution each
OPTION 2- 5 exercises, two different solutions each
OPTION 3- 1 exercise, 10 different solutions
2. The object has many flat sides but appears (to be) rounded with a diameter that measures 1/8 inch.
The object has many flat sides, but it appears (to be) rounded with a diameter of 1/8 inch.
The object which appears rounded has many flat sides and a diameter that measures about 1/8 inch.
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND-COMPLEX
3. It comes in many colours outside and inside although the outside is usually yellow, and the inside is usually greyish black.
DENSER
It comes in many colours outside and inside although the outside is usually yellow, and the inside is usually greyish black. (21w)
Outside and inside come in many colours although usually the outside is yellow and the inside is greyish black. (19w)
Outside and inside come in many colours although usually the outside is yellow and the inside is greyish black. (19w)
Outside and inside come in many colours, usually yellow and greyish black, respectively. (13w)
respectively - in order
She has a boy and a girl, 13 and 15, respectively.
She has a boy and a girl- 13 and 15, respectively.
- dash, energy, informal
She has a boy and a girl: 13 and 15, respectively.
: colon, academic look, formal
STYLISH
IKEA
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
7. The longer you use the object, the shorter and duller it gets.
The longer you wait, the harder it will be.
The harder you work, the more money you make.
The harder the task, the more motivated she is.
8. The object is often used by students, artists, and office workers.
The object is often used by students, artists and office workers.
ddd, eee, and fff. Oxford comma, a bit old-fashioned, look a little stuffy
ddd, eee and fff.
Your choice.
4, There is often writing and a number such as a 2 or a 3 along the outside of the object.
There is a water bottle on the table.
There are two water bottles on the table.
There is a water bottle and a sandwich on the table.
There is a water bottle and three sandwiches on the table.
There are three sandwiches and a water bottle on the table.
EF5/6 Sentence combining work
sentence combining-
-William Strong, college instructor
- his students weren't great writers, wanted to help them
- research - best methods to improve sentence writing
1. teach and study grammar - writing got worse
2. reading
3. sentence combining - very effective way to improve sentence writing
KERNEL, find new information
add in the new information
If you do the work, it'll help a lot.
sentence combining - great for beginners up to university level and beyond
EX:
The dog is cute.
The dog is red.
SOLUTIONS
The dog is cute and red.
The red dog is cute.
The cute dog is red.
The dog which is red is cute.
Kai plays soccer.
He scores a lot of goals.
SOLUTIONS
Kai plays soccer and scores a lot of goals.
Kai scores a lot of goals when he plays soccer.
Top-quality sentences.
-literacy skills for a lifetime
High level sentence combining work
any William Strong book
search Strong, William S
from extremely easy to very challenging
no limit-
Our goals:
1. Concise, dense sentences
2. Good variety of sentences
Extended goal: To write sentences that are beautiful.
SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX -basic styles, Step 1, IKEA sentences, functional, practical
Step 2,3,4 Beautiful sentences, stylish sentences, elegant writing, fancier styles
Ex 63
1. The sky rumbled for a long time before the thunderstorm began.
The sky rumbled for a long time; then the thunderstorm began.
BASIC IKEA SENTENCES
Many people enjoy lamb; in my opinion, it has a unique taste.
STYLE:
Many people enjoy lamb for its unique taste.
Many people enjoy the unique taste of lamb.
4. The radio station announced the winning name; it was not mine.
The radio station announced the winning name; sadly/unfortunately, it was not mine.
The radio station announced the winning name, but it was not mine.
, SOBA - PB and J, peanut butter and jam sandwich
not fancy, but still good
6. Don't look directly at the eclipse, or you'll damage your eyes.
Don't look directly at the eclipse; otherwise, you'll damage your eyes.
solar eclipse, lunar eclipse
Don't look directly at the eclipse, or else you'll damage your eyes.
The eclipse might damage your eyes, so don't look directly at it.
10. Dorota and her sister will bring salads.
Dorota will bring a salad; also/similarly, her sister will bring one. a bit overwritten
overdressed
Both Dorota and her sister will both bring salads.
two people -'both' works well
Either Dorota or her sister will bring a salad. 1 salad
Neither Dorota nor her sister will bring a salad. 0 salad
7. Zygmunt was not boring; in fact, he was interesting.
Zygmunt was not boring; in other words, he was interesting.
Zygmunt was interesting and not boring.
STYLE
What Zygmunt was saying was not boring; in fact, he was a very interesting speaker.
What Zygmunt was saying was not boring.
'What Zygmunt was saying' noun clause
FOR THE FUTURE:
-William Strong, college instructor
- his students weren't great writers, wanted to help them
- research - best methods to improve sentence writing
1. teach and study grammar - writing got worse
2. reading
3. sentence combining - very effective way to improve sentence writing
KERNEL, find new information
add in the new information
If you do the work, it'll help a lot.
sentence combining - great for beginners up to university level and beyond
EX:
The dog is cute.
The dog is red.
SOLUTIONS
The dog is cute and red.
The red dog is cute.
The cute dog is red.
The dog which is red is cute.
Kai plays soccer.
He scores a lot of goals.
SOLUTIONS
Kai plays soccer and scores a lot of goals.
Kai scores a lot of goals when he plays soccer.
Top-quality sentences.
-literacy skills for a lifetime
High level sentence combining work
any William Strong book
search Strong, William S
from extremely easy to very challenging
no limit-
Our goals:
1. Concise, dense sentences
2. Good variety of sentences
Extended goal: To write sentences that are beautiful.
SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX -basic styles, Step 1, IKEA sentences, functional, practical
Step 2,3,4 Beautiful sentences, stylish sentences, elegant writing, fancier styles
Ex 63
1. The sky rumbled for a long time before the thunderstorm began.
The sky rumbled for a long time; then the thunderstorm began.
The thunderstorm began after the sky rumbled for a long time.
Before the thunderstorm began, the sky rumbled for a long time.
2. Many people enjoy lamb because it has a unique taste.
Many people enjoy lamb which has a unique taste.
Lamb has a unique taste, so many people enjoy it.BASIC IKEA SENTENCES
Many people enjoy lamb; in my opinion, it has a unique taste.
STYLE:
Many people enjoy lamb for its unique taste.
Many people enjoy the unique taste of lamb.
4. The radio station announced the winning name; it was not mine.
The radio station announced the winning name; sadly/unfortunately, it was not mine.
The radio station announced the winning name, but it was not mine.
, SOBA - PB and J, peanut butter and jam sandwich
not fancy, but still good
6. Don't look directly at the eclipse, or you'll damage your eyes.
Don't look directly at the eclipse; otherwise, you'll damage your eyes.
solar eclipse, lunar eclipse
Don't look directly at the eclipse, or else you'll damage your eyes.
The eclipse might damage your eyes, so don't look directly at it.
10. Dorota and her sister will bring salads.
Dorota will bring a salad; also/similarly, her sister will bring one. a bit overwritten
overdressed
Both Dorota and her sister will both bring salads.
two people -'both' works well
Either Dorota or her sister will bring a salad. 1 salad
Neither Dorota nor her sister will bring a salad. 0 salad
7. Zygmunt was not boring; in fact, he was interesting.
Zygmunt was not boring; in other words, he was interesting.
in other words - explaining something tricky to understand
Zygmunt was interesting and not boring.
STYLE
What Zygmunt was saying was not boring; in fact, he was a very interesting speaker.
What Zygmunt was saying was not boring.
'What Zygmunt was saying' noun clause
FOR THE FUTURE:
Style: Lessons in Clarity and Grace
by
Monday, 29 July 2019
EF5/6 Sentence combining
We have done lots of work on sentences.
I hope they're getting good for you!
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND-COMPLEX
Every sentence, every time.
Sentence combining
-take two or three or four short sentences and put them together into one.
- create, build concise (as short as possible), dense (carrying a lot of meaning) sentences
BASIC EXAMPLE:
Today is sunny. kernel-centre
It is warm. Find new information. Avoid repetition.
The sentence that we write will be based on the kernel.
Today is sunny. warm
Today is sunny and warm.
Today is sunny, and it is warm. POOR CHOICE- REP, unnecessarily complicated, overwritten
The little girl likes to play soccer. KERNEL
She scores a lot of goals.
The little girl likes to play soccer.
scores a lot of goals.
SOLUTIONS:
The little girl likes to play soccer and
to score a lot of goals. SIMPLE
The little girl likes to play soccer, and she
scores a lot of goals. COMPOUND addition
The little girl scores a lot of goals, so she likes to play soccer. COMPOUND reason - more meaningful
The little girl likes to play soccer, so she scores a lot of goals. COMPOUND different meaning, reason
The little girl scores a lot of goals; therefore, she likes to play soccer. COMPOUND reason
The little girl scores a lot of goals because she likes to play soccer. COMPLEX- adv cl
The little girl likes to play soccer because she scores a lot of goals. COMPLEX- adv cl, changed the meaning
The little girl who likes to play soccer scores a lot of goals COMPLEX- adj cl
Your daughter, who likes to play soccer, scores a lot of goals
The little girl who scores a lot of goals likes to play soccer. COMPLEX - adj cl
She likes to play soccer. She likes playing soccer.
The little girl who likes to play soccer scores a lot of goals COMPLEX- adj cl
The little girl who scores a lot of goals likes to play soccer. COMPLEX - adj cl
Difference in intention, focus.
What do you want the reader to focus on?
The little girl who likes to play soccer scores a lot of goals. adj cl is less important than the main cl
'scores' is the focus
STYLE
The little girl who scores a lot of goals likes to play soccer.
'likes' is the focus
My husband who is great with our kids is 38 years old.
STRANGE INTENT
My husband who is 38 years old is great with our kids. BETTER CHOICE
My husband is great with our kids. MAIN CLAUSE
who is 38 years old SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
MAIN CL - simple sentence, a sentence by itself
SUB CL - part of a sentence, n cl, adv cl, adj cl
COMBINING - consider our intention
What meaning do we want to convey? What do want to say?
KME p140
* Coordination - prefix 'co' together
coworker, cooperation, coordinate, coexistence
A B same level of importance in the sentence
2 main clauses
COMPOUND SENTENCE ,SOBA ;TRANS,
Subordination - prefix 'sub' under, lower level
subway, submarine, submit, subject
A B different levels of importance
COMPLEX
When we are doing sentence combining, we have to choose whether to coordinate or subordinate: COMPOUND, COMPLEX
This is above grammar. Grammar is for beginners.
This is style.
Ex.62
1. Boris tried counting sheep. He was too tired.
Boris tried counting sheep. kernel
He was too tired.
Boris tried counting sheep. kernel
too tired. NEW INFORMATION
SOLUTIONS
Boris tried counting sheep but was too tired. SIMPLE
Boris tried counting sheep, but he was too tired.
Boris was too tired, but he tried counting sheep.
A big reason why writing is challenging, and exciting, is the decision-making you have to do.
3. I could eat a thick steak. I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae.
I could eat a thick steak and a large chocolate sundae. SIMPLE, OMIT 'enjoy'
I could enjoy a thick steak and a large chocolate sundae. SIMPLE, OMIT 'eat'
I could eat a thick steak; also, I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae. COMPOUND
I could eat a thick steak, but also I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae.
I could eat a thick steak; at the same time, I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae.
I could eat a thick steak; I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae at the same time. NEW STYLE
I could eat a thick steak with a large chocolate sundae.
Variety of sentences, sentence styles
4. Sean is very tall and very big-boned.
Sean, who is very tall, is also very big-boned.
5. Dianne had a pounding headache, so she couldn't go to school.
Dianne had a pounding headache since/because she couldn't go to school. XXX logic?
Dianne couldn't go to school because she had a pounding headache.
Dianne, who had a pounding headache, couldn't go to school.
Dianne had a pounding headache; therefore/ thus/ for that reason/ consequently/ because of that, she couldn't go to school.
6. John is extremely well-to-do. He never flaunts his wealth.
John is extremely well-to-do, but he never flaunts his wealth.
Even though John is extremely well-to-do, he never flaunts his wealth.
8. The baseball player could barely see the ball in the setting sun, but she was able to catch it.
Even though the baseball player could barely see the ball in the setting sun, she was able to catch it.
The baseball player could barely see the ball in the setting sun; nevertheless/fortunately/amazing, she was able to catch it.
Unfortunately, the baseball player could barely see the ball in the setting sun; nevertheless, she wsa able to catch it.
Sentence variety.
Ex.63 for HW
I hope they're getting good for you!
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND-COMPLEX
Every sentence, every time.
Sentence combining
-take two or three or four short sentences and put them together into one.
- create, build concise (as short as possible), dense (carrying a lot of meaning) sentences
BASIC EXAMPLE:
Today is sunny. kernel-centre
It is warm. Find new information. Avoid repetition.
The sentence that we write will be based on the kernel.
Today is sunny. warm
Today is sunny and warm.
Today is sunny, and it is warm. POOR CHOICE- REP, unnecessarily complicated, overwritten
The little girl likes to play soccer. KERNEL
She scores a lot of goals.
The little girl likes to play soccer.
scores a lot of goals.
SOLUTIONS:
The little girl likes to play soccer and
The little girl likes to play soccer, and she
scores a lot of goals. COMPOUND addition
The little girl scores a lot of goals, so she likes to play soccer. COMPOUND reason - more meaningful
The little girl likes to play soccer, so she scores a lot of goals. COMPOUND different meaning, reason
The little girl scores a lot of goals; therefore, she likes to play soccer. COMPOUND reason
The little girl scores a lot of goals because she likes to play soccer. COMPLEX- adv cl
The little girl likes to play soccer because she scores a lot of goals. COMPLEX- adv cl, changed the meaning
The little girl who likes to play soccer scores a lot of goals COMPLEX- adj cl
Your daughter, who likes to play soccer, scores a lot of goals
The little girl who scores a lot of goals likes to play soccer. COMPLEX - adj cl
She likes to play soccer. She likes playing soccer.
The little girl who likes to play soccer scores a lot of goals COMPLEX- adj cl
The little girl who scores a lot of goals likes to play soccer. COMPLEX - adj cl
Difference in intention, focus.
What do you want the reader to focus on?
The little girl who likes to play soccer scores a lot of goals. adj cl is less important than the main cl
'scores' is the focus
STYLE
The little girl who scores a lot of goals likes to play soccer.
'likes' is the focus
My husband who is great with our kids is 38 years old.
STRANGE INTENT
My husband who is 38 years old is great with our kids. BETTER CHOICE
My husband is great with our kids. MAIN CLAUSE
who is 38 years old SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
MAIN CL - simple sentence, a sentence by itself
SUB CL - part of a sentence, n cl, adv cl, adj cl
COMBINING - consider our intention
What meaning do we want to convey? What do want to say?
KME p140
* Coordination - prefix 'co' together
coworker, cooperation, coordinate, coexistence
A B same level of importance in the sentence
2 main clauses
COMPOUND SENTENCE ,SOBA ;TRANS,
Subordination - prefix 'sub' under, lower level
subway, submarine, submit, subject
A B different levels of importance
COMPLEX
When we are doing sentence combining, we have to choose whether to coordinate or subordinate: COMPOUND, COMPLEX
This is above grammar. Grammar is for beginners.
This is style.
Ex.62
1. Boris tried counting sheep. He was too tired.
Boris tried counting sheep. kernel
He was too tired.
Boris tried counting sheep. kernel
too tired. NEW INFORMATION
SOLUTIONS
Boris tried counting sheep but was too tired. SIMPLE
Boris tried counting sheep, but he was too tired.
COMPOUND
Boris tried counting sheep; however, he was too tired. COMPOUND
Boris tried counting sheep although he was too tired.COMPLEX
Boris, who tried counting sheep, was too tired.
COMPLEX
Boris was too tired to count sheep. DIFFERENT
MEANINGBoris was too tired, but he tried counting sheep.
A big reason why writing is challenging, and exciting, is the decision-making you have to do.
3. I could eat a thick steak. I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae.
I could eat a thick steak and a large chocolate sundae. SIMPLE, OMIT 'enjoy'
I could enjoy a thick steak and a large chocolate sundae. SIMPLE, OMIT 'eat'
I could eat a thick steak; also, I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae. COMPOUND
I could eat a thick steak, but also I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae.
I could eat a thick steak; at the same time, I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae.
I could eat a thick steak; I could enjoy a large chocolate sundae at the same time. NEW STYLE
I could eat a thick steak with a large chocolate sundae.
Variety of sentences, sentence styles
4. Sean is very tall and very big-boned.
Sean, who is very tall, is also very big-boned.
Sean is very tall; also, he is very big-boned.
5. Dianne had a pounding headache, so she couldn't go to school.
Dianne had a pounding headache since/because she couldn't go to school. XXX logic?
Dianne couldn't go to school because she had a pounding headache.
Dianne, who had a pounding headache, couldn't go to school.
Dianne had a pounding headache; therefore/ thus/ for that reason/ consequently/ because of that, she couldn't go to school.
6. John is extremely well-to-do. He never flaunts his wealth.
John is extremely well-to-do, but he never flaunts his wealth.
Even though John is extremely well-to-do, he never flaunts his wealth.
8. The baseball player could barely see the ball in the setting sun, but she was able to catch it.
Even though the baseball player could barely see the ball in the setting sun, she was able to catch it.
The baseball player could barely see the ball in the setting sun; nevertheless/fortunately/amazing, she was able to catch it.
Unfortunately, the baseball player could barely see the ball in the setting sun; nevertheless, she wsa able to catch it.
Sentence variety.
Ex.63 for HW
Friday, 26 July 2019
EF5/6 run-on sentences, commas splices
RO run-on sentence
two sentences with no punctuation between them
She likes cats he likes dogs. RO
FIX
She likes cats. He likes dogs. SIMPLE
She likes cats; he likes dogs. COMPOUND
She likes cats; on the other hand, he likes dogs. COMPOUND
She likes cats, and he likes dogs. COMPOUND
She likes cats even though he likes dogs. COMPLEX- adv cl STRANGE MEANING
I know that the party will start at 7 I finish work at 8. RO
FIX
I know that the party will start at 7. I finish work at 8.
I know that the party will start at 7, but I finish work at 8.
I know that the party will start at 7; however, I finish work at 8.
I know that the party will start at 7; sadly, I finish work at 8.
I know that the party will start at 7; unfortunately, I finish work at 8.
I know that the party will start at 7 even though I finish work at 8. COMPLEX - STRANGE MEANING
I know that the party will start at 7 while I finish work at 8. COMPLEX
Shout it from the mountaintop: Every sentence has to be simple, compound, or complex.
CS - comma splices
two sentences separated by a comma, comma is not strong enough
I like cat, she likes dogs. CS
, SOBA
FIX
I like cat, and she likes dogs.
She was late, the bus didn't come. CS
FIX
She was late because the bus didn't come. CPLX
The bus didn't come, so she was late. CPND
She was late; the bus didn't come. CPND
She was late. The bus didn't come. SMPL
Daily practice. You'll be a great sentence writer by Xmas. The best gift of all: knowledge.
3. Jack was thirsty, and/so he ordered another bottle of beer.
Jack was thirsty, and so he ordered another bottle of beer. OK, A VARIATION on SOBA
5. Frank started to feel ill while he was in the library. Style that we learned - no comma
Comma usage is very personal. Some people use a lot of commas; some people very few.
6. Frank started to feel ill; he was in the library at the time.
two sentences with no punctuation between them
She likes cats he likes dogs. RO
FIX
She likes cats. He likes dogs. SIMPLE
She likes cats; he likes dogs. COMPOUND
She likes cats; on the other hand, he likes dogs. COMPOUND
She likes cats, and he likes dogs. COMPOUND
She likes cats even though he likes dogs. COMPLEX- adv cl STRANGE MEANING
I know that the party will start at 7 I finish work at 8. RO
FIX
I know that the party will start at 7. I finish work at 8.
I know that the party will start at 7, but I finish work at 8.
I know that the party will start at 7; however, I finish work at 8.
I know that the party will start at 7; sadly, I finish work at 8.
I know that the party will start at 7; unfortunately, I finish work at 8.
I know that the party will start at 7 even though I finish work at 8. COMPLEX - STRANGE MEANING
I know that the party will start at 7 while I finish work at 8. COMPLEX
Shout it from the mountaintop: Every sentence has to be simple, compound, or complex.
CS - comma splices
two sentences separated by a comma, comma is not strong enough
I like cat, she likes dogs. CS
, SOBA
FIX
I like cat, and she likes dogs.
She was late, the bus didn't come. CS
FIX
She was late because the bus didn't come. CPLX
The bus didn't come, so she was late. CPND
She was late; the bus didn't come. CPND
She was late. The bus didn't come. SMPL
Daily practice. You'll be a great sentence writer by Xmas. The best gift of all: knowledge.
3. Jack was thirsty, and/so he ordered another bottle of beer.
Jack was thirsty, and so he ordered another bottle of beer. OK, A VARIATION on SOBA
5. Frank started to feel ill while he was in the library. Style that we learned - no comma
Comma usage is very personal. Some people use a lot of commas; some people very few.
6. Frank started to feel ill; he was in the library at the time.
EF5/6 Noun clause quiz solutions
noun clauses - that why how whatever
VERBS - in your mind 'think' 'feel' 'believe' 'remember' 'know' 'understand' 'see'
ACTION 'say' 'promise' 'state' 'inform' 'tell' 'lie' 'yell' 'scream' 'whisper'
Sarah yelled/shouted/said that she wold be back later.
Sarah decided that she would not buy the new dress.
1. that community
I think that the community centre doesn't have many programs for seniors.
That community centre is brand new. SIMPLE
PRACTICE!
2. that passengers
We know that some of the passengers will be late.
The bus driver didn't know what to do with the drunk passenger.
The bus driver didn't know that he had to stop at 33rd Avenue.
what/that
The angry customer was making a scene.
The couple made a scene when they started arguing in London Drugs.
make a spectacle of yourself
3. why bicycle
I know why you want to buy that bicycle.
I wonder why bicycles are so expensive.
He didn't mention why his bicycle was broken.
4. how speak
Michele doesn't know how to speak French.
I want to learn how to speak English better. in the future
I would like to learn how to speak English more fluently. in the future
I like learning how to speak English. happening now
5. that protest
I think that the protest in Hong Kong will end in violence.
6. whatever decision
You cando take make whatever decision you want.
I will support whatever decision you make.
VERBS - in your mind 'think' 'feel' 'believe' 'remember' 'know' 'understand' 'see'
ACTION 'say' 'promise' 'state' 'inform' 'tell' 'lie' 'yell' 'scream' 'whisper'
Sarah yelled/shouted/said that she wold be back later.
Sarah decided that she would not buy the new dress.
1. that community
I think that the community centre doesn't have many programs for seniors.
That community centre is brand new. SIMPLE
PRACTICE!
2. that passengers
We know that some of the passengers will be late.
The bus driver didn't know what to do with the drunk passenger.
The bus driver didn't know that he had to stop at 33rd Avenue.
what/that
The angry customer was making a scene.
The couple made a scene when they started arguing in London Drugs.
make a spectacle of yourself
3. why bicycle
I know why you want to buy that bicycle.
I wonder why bicycles are so expensive.
He didn't mention why his bicycle was broken.
4. how speak
Michele doesn't know how to speak French.
I want to learn how to speak English better. in the future
I would like to learn how to speak English more fluently. in the future
I like learning how to speak English. happening now
5. that protest
I think that the protest in Hong Kong will end in violence.
6. whatever decision
You can
I will support whatever decision you make.
Wednesday, 24 July 2019
EF5/6 Descriptive writing
Paragraph - 4 types of paragraphs
"modes" of writing - mode - approach, style, direction
1. descriptive writing
2. narrative writing
3. process writing
4. persuasive writing
Other modes of writing : compare/contrast, illustration
compare/contrast Eng 10,11,12
1. descriptive writing
describe - appeal to the five senses: touch, sight, hearing, smell, taste
6th sense - ESP extra-sensory perception
intuition - follow your heart "a woman's intuition"
"You get a good vibe. I got a bad vibe from her."
"He puts off a bad/negative/good/positive vibe." vibration
VOCABULARY
touch - soft, hard, smooth, rough, sticky, dry, wet, damp, oily, greasy, silky, coarse, sharp, blunt, dull, itchy (interior)
sight - colour- sky blue, baby blue, grass green, oily green (?), forest green, lime green, light green, rose red, fire engine red, rose, pink, gold, beige, fuchsia, pale yellow, pale blue
shape - square, round, triangular, oval, egg-shaped, spherical, diamond-shaped, round, pointy
Opinion - cute, ugly, scary-looking, beautiful, tall, short, small, huge
hearing - loud, soft, quiet, noisy, silent, annoying, peaceful, hushed, harsh, screechy, lulling, glassy, a burbling brook, buzz, hum, sharp, flat, smooth, rustling
ASMR - youtube
smell - stinky, spicy(?), sweet, sour, floral, old-book smell, wet grass, earthy, vinegar, burnt, smoky, perfume, garlic, garbage, pungent, gasoline, chemical
Chanel #5 -
taste - delicious, spicy, sweet, sour, salty, bitter, hot, icy(?), oily, bland (no salt or spice), disgusting
thesaurus - like a dictionary, gives synonyms- words that have the same meaning
Great tool to build vocabulary!!!!!
thesaurus.com
SIGHT - Organize 3-4-5 ideas, organize them physically, top to bottom , side to side, close to far away, camera
Mountain
"modes" of writing - mode - approach, style, direction
1. descriptive writing
2. narrative writing
3. process writing
4. persuasive writing
Other modes of writing : compare/contrast, illustration
compare/contrast Eng 10,11,12
1. descriptive writing
describe - appeal to the five senses: touch, sight, hearing, smell, taste
6th sense - ESP extra-sensory perception
intuition - follow your heart "a woman's intuition"
"You get a good vibe. I got a bad vibe from her."
"He puts off a bad/negative/good/positive vibe." vibration
VOCABULARY
touch - soft, hard, smooth, rough, sticky, dry, wet, damp, oily, greasy, silky, coarse, sharp, blunt, dull, itchy (interior)
sight - colour- sky blue, baby blue, grass green, oily green (?), forest green, lime green, light green, rose red, fire engine red, rose, pink, gold, beige, fuchsia, pale yellow, pale blue
shape - square, round, triangular, oval, egg-shaped, spherical, diamond-shaped, round, pointy
Opinion - cute, ugly, scary-looking, beautiful, tall, short, small, huge
hearing - loud, soft, quiet, noisy, silent, annoying, peaceful, hushed, harsh, screechy, lulling, glassy, a burbling brook, buzz, hum, sharp, flat, smooth, rustling
ASMR - youtube
smell - stinky, spicy(?), sweet, sour, floral, old-book smell, wet grass, earthy, vinegar, burnt, smoky, perfume, garlic, garbage, pungent, gasoline, chemical
Chanel #5 -
taste - delicious, spicy, sweet, sour, salty, bitter, hot, icy(?), oily, bland (no salt or spice), disgusting
thesaurus - like a dictionary, gives synonyms- words that have the same meaning
Great tool to build vocabulary!!!!!
thesaurus.com
SIGHT - Organize 3-4-5 ideas, organize them physically, top to bottom , side to side, close to far away, camera
Mountain
EF5/6 sentence fragments - frag
sentence fragments - frag
fragment - not complete, broken
Jane is going to the beach. Because it is a sunny day. frag - 1/2 of a sentence, adv cl
It is not a sentence by itself.
FIX:
Jane is going to the beach.Because It is a sunny day. 2 simples
Jane is going to the beach. B because it is a sunny day. Jane is going to the beach because it is a sunny day. COMPLEX - adv cl
adj cl - frag
My sister who is a nurse. frag
FIX
My sister is a nurse. SIMPLE
My sister who is a nurse V...
My sister who is a nurse loves to help people.
A. 1. Since he left the laundry bag outside the door of his room. frag
FIX:
Since He left the laundry bag outside the door of his room.
Since he left the laundry bag outside the door of his room, his mother was angry.
Tom couldn't get out since he left the laundry bag outside the door of his room.
3. The man talking to Dr. Simpson. frag
FIX:
The man AUX talking to Dr. Simpson.
The man is talking to Dr. Simpson.
The man has been talking to Dr. Simpson.
The man doesn't like talking to Dr. Simpson.
The man is interested in talking to Dr. Simpson.
The man who was talking to Dr. Simpson was his patient. COMPLEX SENT- adj cl
4. Stop the car. SIMPLE, imperative, command
6. On the collar of his shirt and also on his handkerchief. frag No SV
He had ink/mustard/soup/dirt/lipstick on the collar of his shirt and also on his handkerchief.
There is ink on the collar of his shirt and also on his handkerchief.
He spilled his drink on the collar of his shirt and also on his handkerchief.
B 1. Seeing the sun at midnight in Sweden. frag
I remember seeing the sun at midnight in Sweden.
In the summer, you can see the sun at midnight in Sweden.
Seeing the sun at midnight in Sweden is amazing.
Skiing is fun. gerund-noun 'ing' noun
Seeing the sun at midnight in Sweden was an unbelievable phenomenon/sight.
sentence fragment - not a complete sentence, something missin
B. 4. The girl in the tight red dress. frag, no V
FIX
The girl is in the tight red dress. SIMPLE
The girl in the tight red dress looks great.
in the tight red dress, prepositional phrase
The girl who is in the tight red dress looks great.
COMPLEX -adj clI know the girl who is in the tight red dress.
COMPLEX - n cl
The girl is in the tight red dress because she is going to a party. COMPLEX- adv cl
The girl is in the tight red dress, and the boy is in a blue suit. COMPOUND
NECESSARY FOR WRITING:
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND-COMPLEX
noun clauses
that why whatever, whichever
say, feel, think, know, believe, understand
You can buy whichever bicycle you like best.
whichever- sounds like a smaller number of choices
You can buy whatever bicycle you like best.
I think that that store is expensive.
I thinkthat that store is expensive.
English speakers often don't say 'that' in a noun clause.
She said that she would be late today.
She said she would be late today.
MODALS - can may should would might will
11. In the backyard is a rusty old swing. SIMPLE
There is a rusty old swing in the backyard.
A rusty old swing is in the backyard.
A small canoe is on the lake.
On the lake is a small canoe.
12. In a quiet and mountainous part of British Columbia. frag
She traveled in a quiet and mountainous part of British Columbia.
In a quiet and mountainous part of British Columbia are Roosevelt elk.
There are many quiet and mountainous parts of British Columbia.
We have a wide range of wild animals in a quiet and mountainous part of British Columbia.
We have a wide range of wild game in a quiet and mountainous part of British Columbia.
game - animals that you can huntt
game animals or game birds - deer, moose, elk, bear, boar, rabbit, hare
fragment - not complete, broken
Jane is going to the beach. Because it is a sunny day. frag - 1/2 of a sentence, adv cl
It is not a sentence by itself.
FIX:
Jane is going to the beach.
Jane is going to the beach
adj cl - frag
My sister who is a nurse. frag
FIX
My sister is a nurse. SIMPLE
My sister who is a nurse V...
My sister who is a nurse loves to help people.
A. 1. Since he left the laundry bag outside the door of his room. frag
FIX:
Since he left the laundry bag outside the door of his room, his mother was angry.
Tom couldn't get out since he left the laundry bag outside the door of his room.
3. The man talking to Dr. Simpson. frag
FIX:
The man AUX talking to Dr. Simpson.
The man is talking to Dr. Simpson.
The man has been talking to Dr. Simpson.
The man doesn't like talking to Dr. Simpson.
The man is interested in talking to Dr. Simpson.
The man who was talking to Dr. Simpson was his patient. COMPLEX SENT- adj cl
4. Stop the car. SIMPLE, imperative, command
6. On the collar of his shirt and also on his handkerchief. frag No SV
He had ink/mustard/soup/dirt/lipstick on the collar of his shirt and also on his handkerchief.
There is ink on the collar of his shirt and also on his handkerchief.
He spilled his drink on the collar of his shirt and also on his handkerchief.
B 1. Seeing the sun at midnight in Sweden. frag
I remember seeing the sun at midnight in Sweden.
In the summer, you can see the sun at midnight in Sweden.
Seeing the sun at midnight in Sweden is amazing.
Skiing is fun. gerund-noun 'ing' noun
Seeing the sun at midnight in Sweden was an unbelievable phenomenon/sight.
sentence fragment - not a complete sentence, something missin
B. 4. The girl in the tight red dress. frag, no V
FIX
The girl is in the tight red dress. SIMPLE
The girl in the tight red dress looks great.
in the tight red dress, prepositional phrase
The girl who is in the tight red dress looks great.
COMPLEX -adj clI know the girl who is in the tight red dress.
COMPLEX - n cl
The girl is in the tight red dress because she is going to a party. COMPLEX- adv cl
The girl is in the tight red dress, and the boy is in a blue suit. COMPOUND
NECESSARY FOR WRITING:
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND-COMPLEX
noun clauses
that why whatever, whichever
say, feel, think, know, believe, understand
You can buy whichever bicycle you like best.
whichever- sounds like a smaller number of choices
You can buy whatever bicycle you like best.
whatever - larger choice
In Canada, you can say whatever you think about the government.
You can do whatever you want after you finish your chores.
that passenger
I know that passenger is angry.
I know that the passenger is angry.
I know that that passenger is angry.I think that that store is expensive.
I think
English speakers often don't say 'that' in a noun clause.
She said that she would be late today.
She said she would be late today.
MODALS - can may should would might will
11. In the backyard is a rusty old swing. SIMPLE
There is a rusty old swing in the backyard.
A rusty old swing is in the backyard.
A small canoe is on the lake.
On the lake is a small canoe.
12. In a quiet and mountainous part of British Columbia. frag
She traveled in a quiet and mountainous part of British Columbia.
In a quiet and mountainous part of British Columbia are Roosevelt elk.
There are many quiet and mountainous parts of British Columbia.
We have a wide range of wild animals in a quiet and mountainous part of British Columbia.
We have a wide range of wild game in a quiet and mountainous part of British Columbia.
game - animals that you can huntt
game animals or game birds - deer, moose, elk, bear, boar, rabbit, hare
EF5/6 adj cl quiz possible answers
who that which
Write a sentence with an adjective clause for each:
1. who
passengers
The passengers who passed walked across the street were getting ready to board.
across - prep
She acrossed the street. XXX
She walked across the street.
cross - verb
She crossed the street.
passed - Joe passed a bus on the highway.
passed - Helen passed the class.
\ passed- Sarah passed through the door/gate.
passed away - His grandma passed away.
passed over - I passed over the job offer. reject
I'll pass. No thanks.
passed past She passed the course in the past.
2. that story
3. which city
4. whose church
whose - possession, own something
5. when meeting
'when' can also be used for an adverb clause
She had supper when she got home. adv cl - modifying the verb 'had'
Do you remember the party when we all jumped into the pool? adj cl - modifying the noun 'party'
I can't forget the day when I was meeting all of these movie stars at a restaurant. adj cl
I remember meeting him when the weather was great. adv cl
I remember meeting him on a day when the weather was great. adj cl
6. who Prime
Minister
Tuesday, 23 July 2019
EF5/6 Different functions of dependent clauses.
How can we tell the differences between adverb clauses, adjective clauses, and noun clauses?
Function - What job is it doing?
The table that Maria bought yesterday is made of oak. What is it doing? What job is it doing? What is it modifying?
Modifying 'table' (noun)
that Maria bought yesterday adj cl, modifying a noun
Call me when you get home. What is it modifying?
'call' (verb)
when you get home adv cl, modifying a verb
Do you remember the day when we went swimming in White Rock. What is it modifying?
'day' (noun)
when we went swimming in White Rock adj cl
Sarah doesn't remember when we went swimming in White Rock.
when we went swimming in White Rock noun clause
We got rid of the noun 'day', so now it is a noun, a noun clause.
Function - What job is it doing?
The table that Maria bought yesterday is made of oak. What is it doing? What job is it doing? What is it modifying?
Modifying 'table' (noun)
that Maria bought yesterday adj cl, modifying a noun
Call me when you get home. What is it modifying?
'call' (verb)
when you get home adv cl, modifying a verb
Do you remember the day when we went swimming in White Rock. What is it modifying?
'day' (noun)
when we went swimming in White Rock adj cl
Sarah doesn't remember when we went swimming in White Rock.
when we went swimming in White Rock noun clause
We got rid of the noun 'day', so now it is a noun, a noun clause.
EF5/6 Noun clauses
Sentences - three kinds of sentences
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
adverb clause
adjective clause
noun clause
NOUN CLAUSE - use with verbs about the mind,
thinking, emotions
think
feel
believe
know
understand
remember
say
promise
Use with these words: that why how
Structure of noun clauses is a but vague sometimes. not clear,
Sara thinks that S V.
Sara thinks that Emily is angry at/with her.
Sara thinks that it will rain later today.
Sara thinksthat Emily is angry at/with her.
Sara thinksthat it will rain later today.
Dave feels that Michelle isn't telling him the truth.
I feel like/that I forgot to lock my front door.
Tobin is worried that she left her stove on.
We don't know why Micheal is late.
Dora said that she had a map.
Dora said that Diego had a map.
Dave didn't say that he could help us move.
I promised my son that we would go fishing.
I promised my son that we will go fishing.
how
Doris knows how to speak German.
Do you know how to knit?
Yes, I do know how to knit. No, I don't know how to knit.
whatever
You can do whatever you want as long as you're not hurting anyone.
Finish your homework, and then you can do whatever you like. COMPOUND-COMPLEX
When we get to White Spot, you can order whatever you like.
HIGH FREQUENCY FOR NOUN CLAUSES
that why how what
COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE
The party is on Saturday, but I can't go. COMPOUND
The party which is for Dan's birthday is on Saturday, but I can't go. COMPOUND-COMPLEX
The party which is for Dan's birthday is on Saturday, but I can't go because I have to drive my grandmother to the airport. COMPOUND-COMPLEX
whoever
You can invite whoever you want to the party.
You can invite whoever you want to the party as long as the party doesn't get too big.
Whoever you want to invite to the party is OK with me.
Ex19
1. Whatever you want to do is OK with me.
Whatever.
Whatevs, dude. teenagerish slan
4. It annoys me that he is overly organized.
It annoys me that he is too quiet.
It annoys me that she has 20 bottles of shampoo and soap.
6. I don't understand why you said that.
I don't understand/remember why the sky is blue.
I understand why you want to talk about this.
7. Mariola knows what to do next.
I didn't know what to say to her.
I don't know what to do about this problem.
I don't know what I can do about this problem.
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
adverb clause
adjective clause
noun clause
NOUN CLAUSE - use with verbs about the mind,
thinking, emotions
think
feel
believe
know
understand
remember
say
promise
Use with these words: that why how
Structure of noun clauses is a but vague sometimes. not clear,
Sara thinks that S V.
Sara thinks that Emily is angry at/with her.
Sara thinks that it will rain later today.
Sara thinks
Sara thinks
Dave feels that Michelle isn't telling him the truth.
I feel like/that I forgot to lock my front door.
Tobin is worried that she left her stove on.
We don't know why Micheal is late.
Dora said that she had a map.
Dora said that Diego had a map.
Dave didn't say that he could help us move.
I promised my son that we would go fishing.
I promised my son that we will go fishing.
how
Doris knows how to speak German.
Do you know how to knit?
Yes, I do know how to knit. No, I don't know how to knit.
whatever
You can do whatever you want as long as you're not hurting anyone.
Finish your homework, and then you can do whatever you like. COMPOUND-COMPLEX
When we get to White Spot, you can order whatever you like.
HIGH FREQUENCY FOR NOUN CLAUSES
that why how what
COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE
The party is on Saturday, but I can't go. COMPOUND
The party which is for Dan's birthday is on Saturday, but I can't go. COMPOUND-COMPLEX
The party which is for Dan's birthday is on Saturday, but I can't go because I have to drive my grandmother to the airport. COMPOUND-COMPLEX
whoever
You can invite whoever you want to the party.
You can invite whoever you want to the party as long as the party doesn't get too big.
Whoever you want to invite to the party is OK with me.
Ex19
1. Whatever you want to do is OK with me.
Whatever.
Whatevs, dude. teenagerish slan
4. It annoys me that he is overly organized.
It annoys me that he is too quiet.
It annoys me that she has 20 bottles of shampoo and soap.
6. I don't understand why you said that.
I don't understand/remember why the sky is blue.
I understand why you want to talk about this.
7. Mariola knows what to do next.
I didn't know what to say to her.
I don't know what to do about this problem.
I don't know what I can do about this problem.
I don't really know what I'm doing.
I don't know what she's saying.
I know what you're trying to say.
10. What you need is a good vacation.
What you need is to find some ways to relax.
Monday, 22 July 2019
EF5/6 Group chat
Small group (4-5 people) chats:
chat - chew the fat
My friends and I like to get together at one of our houses and chew the fat.
1. Is there anything you tried once and will never try again?
2. How does Canada compare to your home country?
chat - chew the fat
My friends and I like to get together at one of our houses and chew the fat.
1. Is there anything you tried once and will never try again?
2. How does Canada compare to your home country?
EF5/6 adjective clause exercises
who that which
3. The doctor ADJ CL was from Pakistan.
The doctor who treats me was from Pakistan. vt
The doctor who treated me was from Pakistan.
3. The doctor ADJ CL was from Pakistan.
The doctor who treats me was from Pakistan. vt
The doctor who treated me was from Pakistan.
4. She will never forget the day that she got a promotion.
She will never forget the day which she got a promotion.
She will never forget the day when she got promoted.
Do you remember the vacation when we saw the orcas?
5. Rosa fell in the love with the man who his whose brother works in Gino's restaurant.
6. Elephants, which eat plants and bushes, are the largest animals in the world.
, which eat plants and bushes, EXTRA INFORMATION, a non-essential clause, a non-restrictive clause
Elephants eat plants and bushes that are tasty to them.
Elephants that live in Asia eat bananas that grow in the jungle.
People who live in BC drink water that comes from glaciers.
7. Last month, my brother bought a car that/which cost $12000.
8. Nestor met a woman who wrote two books.
9. The ring that/which Josie gave her daughter was made of cubic zirconium, not real diamonds.
10. Hank Crowley wore a jacket that had black and white stripes.
Exercise 3
8. She will never forget the day which was her twenty-first birthday.
She will never forget the day when she had her twenty-first birthday party.
9. Ji Na comes from a place that is very cold almost all year.
Ji Na comes from a place where it is very cold almost all year.
where it is very cold - where S V
I come from a small island where most people play music and sing together.
REVIEW: subject pronoun and object pronoun
EF5/6 subjunctive mood
subjunctive mood - imagining a situation that is not reality, imagining a situation that is not likely to happen, just a dream
When I pass this class, I will go to the next level. LIKELY
Were I to get drafted by the NBA, Iwill would like to play with the Clippers.
6/49 - lottery
If I win the lottery, I will buy a solid gold toothbrush. XXX
If I won the lottery, I would buy a solid gold toothbrush. imagining, dreaming
NOT PAST TENSE, SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
If I were married to Gang Li, I would be very happy. dreaming, imagining something that will not happen
If I lived in Vancouver, I would make a new life there.
If I were in the same situation as the Little Rock Nine, I probably wouldn't have been very brave.
Giving advice:
You should go to bed earlier because you seem tired in the mornings.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
If I were you, I would go to bed earlier.
If I were you, I would...
If Iwas were in your situation, I will would V
It is impossible.
unpossible XXX
perfect - imperfect
necessary - unnecessary
patient - impatient
useful - useless
complete - incomplete
moral - amoral
im, un, in, less, a
My 30-year-old sister wishes to be taller.
My 30-year-old sister hopes to taller. XXX delusion
She hopes to become a nurse.
If wishes were horses, beggars would ride.
Wishing is not enough.
Talk is cheap.
The best predictor of your future action is your past action.
New Year's Resolutions - January 1promise, new decision for yourself, change their life
1. Lose weight
When I pass this class, I will go to the next level. LIKELY
Were I to get drafted by the NBA, I
6/49 - lottery
If I win the lottery, I will buy a solid gold toothbrush. XXX
If I won the lottery, I would buy a solid gold toothbrush. imagining, dreaming
NOT PAST TENSE, SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
If I were married to Gang Li, I would be very happy. dreaming, imagining something that will not happen
If I lived in Vancouver, I would make a new life there.
If I were in the same situation as the Little Rock Nine, I probably wouldn't have been very brave.
Giving advice:
You should go to bed earlier because you seem tired in the mornings.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
If I were you, I would go to bed earlier.
If I were you, I would...
If I
It is impossible.
unpossible XXX
perfect - imperfect
necessary - unnecessary
patient - impatient
useful - useless
complete - incomplete
moral - amoral
im, un, in, less, a
My 30-year-old sister wishes to be taller.
My 30-year-old sister hopes to taller. XXX delusion
She hopes to become a nurse.
If wishes were horses, beggars would ride.
Wishing is not enough.
Talk is cheap.
The best predictor of your future action is your past action.
New Year's Resolutions - January 1promise, new decision for yourself, change their life
1. Lose weight
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