Comm 11/12 Homework for Monday

  Think of someone who has been able to have a successful life despite having a disability. Be prepared to present this to the class. Follow the reporters questions format. Due in two or three classes. Choose your person for next class.

Evergreen The Reporter's Six Questions (p13)
use the six questions as our framework, organization

2-3 sentences for each 

Write your own stuff. Don't read from wikipedai.

Comm 11/12 sentence combining "Wolves"

1. Much has been written about wolves. KERNEL
They have studied closely.
They are still creatures of myth and fear.

COMPLEX 
Although much has been written about wolves, they have studied closely because they are still creatures of myth and fear.

CONTRAST
Although much has been written about wolves and they have studied closely, they are still creatures of myth and fear.

Although much has been written about wolves which have studied closely, they are still creatures of myth and fear.

Although wolves have been written about and studied closely, they are still creatures of myth and fear. COMPACT, MEANINGFUL- GOOD ENOUGH

Wolves, which have been written about and studied closely, are still creatures of myth and fear.

Comm 11/12 Sentence combining

Sentence combining

super awesome useful

build sentences- dense, compact sentences that carry a lot of meaning

increase the quality of our sentences

William Strong- professor
his students were not really good writers
very simple sentences, repetitive

sentence combining -beginning level to extremely high level


Kai plays soccer. KERNEL

Avoid repetition

He plays well.

Kai plays soccer, and he plays well. Poor writing
Kai plays soccer well.
He scored a goal.


Kai plays soccer well, and he scored a goal.

Since Kai plays soccer well, he scored a goal.

Kai, who plays soccer well, scored a goal.

Comm 11/12 Noun clause exercises

Noun Clauses

A.  Complete the sentences by changing the questions to noun clauses.
    1.  Who is she?  I don’t know who she is.
    2.  Who are they?  I don’t know who they are.
    3.  What is that?  Do you know what that is.  
    4.  What are those?  I don’t know what those are.
  5.  Whose book is that?  I don’t know whose book that is.
    6.  Whose books are those?  I don’t know whose books those are.
    7.  What is a wrench?  Do you know what a wrench is?
    8.  Who is that woman?  I wonder who that woman is.
    9.  Whose house is that?  I wonder .....
   10.  What is a clause?  Don’t you know .....
   11.  What is in that drawer?  I don’t know what is (in that drawer) prepositional phrase.
in the tree / on the street/ by the store
A bird is in the tree.

How are you going to be able to survive?
I wonder how you are going to be able to survive.
I want to know how you are going to be able to survive.
I wanna XXX
 
 12.  What is on TV tonight?  I wonder .....
   13.  Whose glasses are those?  Could you tell me .....
   14.  Who am I?   He doesn’t know .....
   15.  What’s at the end of the rainbow?  The little girl wants to know what is at the end of the rainbow.

B.  Complete the sentences by changing the questions to noun clauses.
    1.  Who(m) did you see at the party?  Tell me who you saw at the party.
    2.  Who came to the party?  Tell me who came to the party.
    3.  Who did Helen talk to?  Do you know .....
    4.  Who lives at that apartment?  Do you know .....
    5.  What happened?  Tell me .....
    6.  What did he say?  Tell me .....
    7.  What kind of car does Jim have?  I can’t remember .....
    8.  How old are their children?  I can’t even remember .....
    9.  Where can I catch the bus?  Could you please tell me .....
    10.  Who broke the window?   Do you know .....
    11.  Who did Sara invite?  I don’t know .....
    12.  How long has Ted been living here?  Do you know .....
    13.  What time is flight 677 supposed to arrive?  Can you tell me .....
    14.  Why is Yoko angry?  Do you know .....

www.lamission.edu/esl/dtaylor/nounclauses.doc

Comm11/12 adjective clause quiz

Write a sentence with an adjective clause for each:
1. tour which
The bus tour which we went on was interesting.
2. basketball that
Kobe gave me a basketball that he signed.
3. university whose HARDEST
Joe's friend, whose sister goes to university, is a nurse.
4. athlete who
Mark is the athlete who won a medal last month.
5. wheelchair that
Maria owns a wheelchair that is made of carbon fibre.
Maria owns a wheelchair that is expensive.
Maria owns a wheelchair that costs $2000.

6. shoulder which

7. road that
8. border who
The man met me at the border who is my father. XXX
The man who is my father met me at the border. 
9. disability which
disability (n)
He is a disability. XXX
He has a disability.
He is disabled. (adj)

10. success that
success (n)
She is success in her job. XXX
She is a success in her job.
She has success in her job.
She is successful.(adj)


misplaced modifier
I gave a cat to my sister that has brown ears and a white face. XXX
I gave a cat that has brown ears and a white face to my sister. 
I gave a table to my brother that has three wooden legs. XXX
I gave a table that has three wooden legs to my brother .

EF4/5 Adverb clauses

SIMPLE

COMPOUND ,SOBA ;vvvvv,

COMPLEX
adverb clauses
adjective clauses
noun clauses

adverb clauses

because - reason why
when - time
if - condition yes/no

She is late because the bus was late.
He is happy because he won the lottery last night.

Because the bus was late, she is late.
Because he won the lottery last night, he is happy.

I am cold because I forgot my sweater.
I am cold, because I forgot my sweater. XXX

Commas are very personal. Some writers use a lot of commas; some use much fewer commas.

when
I do my homework when I get home.
When I get home, I do my homework.

if
We will go to the park if it's sunny.
If it's sunny, we will go to the park.

when/while - time

Joe made supper when Mary got home.
Joe made supper while Mary was watching TV.
Joe was making supper while Mary was watching TV.
Joe was making supper when Mary got home.

He is always happy when he plays with his kids.

He is always happy while he is playing with his kids.

Verb tense in English can be very challenging.

I was fell down when I walked down the stairs.

fall fell
feel felt

Question: When will you come home?
Answer: I'll be home at 6.
I will make supper when you come home.


after/before
The kids do their homework after dinner. prepositional phrase

The kids do their homework after they have dinner. adverb clauses

You must finish your homework before you can play video games.

until -waiting for a time
I will wait until you finish your work.
I will wait until the building is finished.
I will wait until the bus comes.
She waited six years until he asked her to marry him.

whenever - every time, anytime
Whenever it rains, her joints hurt.
We go to Hawaii whenever we go on vacation.

Comm 11/12 Writing Process

process- steps, method, way

Writing Process

Prewriting/ Planning

1. Analyze the topic. (few minutes)
- what kind of writing- narrative, descriptive, process, compare/contrast, persuasive
- format- paragraph, short answer, essay
- length- 
- past tense, present tense
- Who is the audience?

2. Generate ideas
- Brainstorming, group discussions
- Listing -write down key in a disorganized list
- Clustering/ Mindmapping - generating ideas and organizing at the same time
quick, gets the creative juices flowing
"The Water Pump" 
-Freewriting -writing without stopping, never mind spelling, grammar TIME-CONSUMING, but it is very creative
-Asking Reporter's questions Who? What? Where?When? Why? How? (p13)
-Keeping a journal / diary
-Write down words/phrases that I hear or read
(songwriter)

3. Organizing ideas
TIME -chronological (past to present)
play with chronology
narrative

SPACE -physical

IMPORTANCE - OPTION 1 put the most important one last
OPTION 2 (journalism) put the most important thing first

YOU MUST CONSCIOUSLY DECIDE


Writing

4. Rough copy/draft
Start writing sentences- SIMPLE, COMPOUND COMPLEX Every time!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Topic sentence
support sentences
concluding sentence

5. Proofread / Edit
correction- verb tense, spelling, subject verb agreement #1 error, verb form, punctuation, capital letters

polishing vocab

format- indenting, double-space

6. Good copy? Don't bother making it pretty. The teacher knows it is a first-draft.


Writing process
1. Analyze
2. Generate ideas
3. Organize
4. Rough copy
5. Edit
6. Good copy No time

Comm 11/12 Rick Hansen small group discussion questions

Small group discussion
1. How did Rick Hansen prepare for the Man in Motion tour?
2. Discuss challenges Rick Hansen faced during the tour.
3. Was the Man in Motion tour a success?  Give some reasons to support your opinion.

Comm 11/12 Rick Hansen structure

• “Rick Hansen: Man in Motion”
Professional writing- look at structure

options for organization: TIME, SPACE, IMPORTANCE

-organized by TIME, chronological – in order of time, time flows only one way- from past to present

PLAYING WITH TIME – movie Titanic- uses same narrative structure

novel by Madeleine Thien, plays with time, different setting

-para 1- begins at end of tour, 
end of para 1 refers to beginning 2years
-para 2, then goes back to 1974

-history, organized by TIME
- then focus of essay – Man in Motion
-para 3,4 physical training, athletic success
-para 5 talk about prep for Man in Motion Tour
-para 6 begin tour
-anecdotes from tour, challenges, successes
-para 12 building momentum in Canada
-para 17 culminate
-para 18 conclusion , end with inspiring quotation

very well-structured piece of writing
decided on a frame, used that frame

EF4/5 Back and Forth 2.2, 2.3

1. paw, tail, 

2. square, diagonal, second from the top right 

There are four squares stacked diagonally from bottom left to top right.

horizontal, vertical

rows, columns


3. clubs, clovers
standing upright

playing cards - four suits: clubs, spades, diamonds, hearts

jokers, king, queen, jack, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, ace


4. Mr. Skinny

5. arms crossed, legs crossed, ankles crossed
fingers crossed- good luck
arms by your sides
holding your elbow
arm wrestle
hands on your hips = hip bones
waist

Somebody who repeats the same thing over and over: "a broken record"

6. three and twenty three

ones
tens
hundreds
thousands
millions
billions

ones
tens
hundreds
thousands
ten thousand - 

1678 one thousand six hundred and seventy eight

16 780 sixteen thousand seven hundred and eighty

234 694 two hundred thirty four thousand six hundred and ninety four

234,694
234 694 

$45.23 forty five dollars and twenty three cents

forty five and twenty three XXX

$4,523 four thousand five hundred and twenty three dollars

even numbers 2,4,6,8,10 divisible by 2

odd numbers 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15 not divisible by 2

prime numbers 1,2,3,5,7,11,13,19,23,31 can only be divided by 1 and itself, all prime numbers are odd except 2

pi 3.14159265

circumference of a shape or object
area square feet , square metres

In Canada we use a mix of metric and imperial measurements. Canada went metric in 1970.

pint is about l/2 liter

a gallon is approximately 4 litres 

height feet and inches / metres

1.76 m one point seven six metres

weight kilos / pounds
2.2 lbs = 1 kg

lb = pound

metric system comes from France

10 divisible by 1,2,5,10
16 divisible by 1,2,4,8,16
24 divisible by 1,2,3,4,6,8,12,24
360 divisible by 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,12,...

Exercise 2.3

1. clocks
watch / wristwatch
pocketwatch

alarm clock 

mantle clock

pendulum clock

metronome - for keeping time in music

grandfather clock

cuckoo clock

Gastown Steam Clock

face, hands- hour hand, minute hand, second hand

second-hand = used

digital clocks / watches

digit = number, finger

antique clock

He likes to go antiquing on the weekends.

antique clothing = vintage clothing

Some people are collectors.


2. furniture
A dresser is for clothing.
drawers = draw means pull =pull out and push in storage
dresser drawers

In a kitchen, it is a cupboard.
cup board

cabinet - TV, DVD, electronics

kitchen flat surfaces = counters

kitchen island

doors

3. pushing with the box with his arms/ head/ foot/ back

5. looks like an X
math = multiplication sign 4X5

horizontal vertical diagonal

6. hand, wrist, forearm, elbow, upper arm, shoulder

bicep, triceps

Compound sentence practice with semicolons

Make a compound sentence for each.
Ex. party but
I can’t come to the party, but my sister can.

1. warm therefore
The weather is warm; therefore, I’m going swimming.

2. climate however
The climate is getting warmer; however, there is still snow on the mountains.

3. public therefore
This is a public park; therefore, everyone can use it.

4. ice also
The window is covered with ice; also, the door is frozen shut.

5. energy on the other hand
I can get energy from food; on the other hand, I can get energy from Red Bull.
The hydro energy company makes a good profit; on the other hand, we have to pay a lot.

6. money consequently
7. air moreover
8. wealthy nevertheless
9. sign otherwise
10. future however

Mark's Work Warehouse

Home Depot

MEC- professional, for mountain climbing

EF 4/5 Compound sentences ; semicolons

Compound sentences

, SOBA so or but and

It is raining today, so we won't play soccer after school.

You can work hard when you are young, or you can work hard when you are old.

She is late for work, but she will be there by 10.

She sings, and she plays piano.

SV , SOBA SV.

LAST CLASS

; semicolon

It is raining today, so we won't play soccer after school.
It is raining today, so ; we won't play soccer after school.
It is raining today; we won't play soccer after school.
It is raining today; therefore, we won't play soccer after school.
It is raining today. Therefore, we won't play soccer after school.

I like ice cream. You like cake. TWO SIMPLES

I like ice cream; you like cake. COMPOUND

I like ice cream; however, you like cake. COMPOUND 

I like ice cream, and you like cake. COMPOUND

Foundations English

Express your deep emotion and feelings, opinions about a topic.

You are going to the party; unfortunately, I can't go.

You are going to the party; sadly, I can't go.

You are going to the party; therefore, I can't go.

You can work hard when you are young, or you can work hard when you are old.

She is late for work, but she will be there by 10.

She sings, and she plays piano.

Comm 11/12 Noun clauses

express thoughts and emotions
verbs like:
think
feel
know
believe
understand
get - understand

"that"

I think that it will rain today.
She thinks that he is a nice guy.

He believes that he can pass the course.

"what"
I know what you mean. 

I know what you said. XXX
I understand what you said.

idiomatic- it's just English usage


Examples:
how
He is not sure how he can ace the job interview.
UNUSUAL- NOT AUTHENTIC

He is not sure how to ace the job interview. AUTHENTIC ENGLISH

She knows how to speak German.

I don't understand how to use 'how'.


who, that, which- confused with same for adj cl- 

look at function, description or thing?
thing - noun- noun clause
“I heard that you got a new job.”

description- adjective- adjective clause

“Yes, I didn’t like the old job that I had.”


whatever
You can do whatever you want.
You do SOMETHING (noun)

Whatever you want is ok with me.

why
Why did you do this to me? SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

I don't know why you did this to me. NOUN CLAUSE

Why is she late today?
Do you know why she is late today?
Do you know why is she late today? XXXXX



why
He doesn't understand why she won't marry him.
I know why you are late.

where
I don't remember where I put my glasses.
Do you know where the classroom is?

Do you know where Granville Island is? Do you know where is Granville Island? XXX

Where is Granville Island?
Do you know S V?
Do you know V S? XXX

What time is it? INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
Do you know what time it is?
What time it is? XXX VERY COMMON ERROR

Do you know where I come from?
Do you remember what we did last year?

Do you know where you come from?
Do you know Where do you come from? 

Where are you from?
I want to know where you are from.

NOUN CLAUSE SV

EF4/5 semicolons

I like dogs. She likes cats. SIMPLE

I like dogs, but she likes cats. COMPOUND

I like dogs; she likes cats. COMPOUND

I like dogs; however, she likes cats. COMPOUND

PUNCTUATION    ; however,

SOBA

, so = ; therefore,

. or = ; otherwise,

, but = ; however,

, and = ; also,

1. He had dinner and did his homework; then, he watched TV for a while.

He had dinner and did his homework; later, he watched TV for a while.

He had dinner and did his homework; also, he watched TV for a while.

He had dinner and did his homework; therefore, he watched TV for a while.

EITHER WAY IS OK

He had dinner and did his homework; also, he watched TV for a while.

He had dinner and did his homework. Also, he watched TV for a while.

What was Cinderella's name?

Ella

cinder = burnt black wood

Alzheimer

al zimer

dimentia

thus = therefore

dice

EF4/5 one.thing body

All singular:

anyone
noone
someone
everyone

anything
nothing
something
everything

anybody
nobody
somebody
everybody

Something is making a rattling sound.

Noone wants to go for a hike.
We want to go for a hike.

Everybody is happy about the good news.
Everybody are XXX



subject verb agreement

subject verb = must agree

I am
You are
He is
We are


I want
You want
He wants
She wants
They want
The people want

EF 4/5 Compound sentence quiz

, FANBOYS
, SOBA so or but and


Make a compound sentence for each.
Ex. party but
I can’t come to the party, but my sister can.

1. warm and
It is warm. and it is sunny today.
S V   S V.

2. climate but
3. public so
4. ice and
5. energy or
We can get energy from solar power, or we can get energy from wind power.
Some energy comes from hydro, and some energy comes from the sun.
6. money so
She is worried about money, so she got a second job.
She worries about money, so she got a second job.
wf- word form
7. air and
8. wealthy but
My uncle is wealthy, but he never buys anything expensive.

9. sign or
10. future buts

Comm 11/12 adjective clauses continued

who that which
whom

A. All people who are born in Canada are        
     Canadian citizens.

B. All people, who are born in Canada, are 
    Canadian citizens.
Interesting, but not essential, non-essential clause, non-restrictive clause

Same meaning? 
True and false

A true
B false

main subject

FALSE
B. All people, who are born in Canada, are 
    Canadian citizens.
All people are Canadian citizens.


TRUE
A. All people who are born in Canada are        
     Canadian citizens.

essential clause / restrictive clause

How many sisters? One or two? Two

Mike's sister who is a nurse plays volleyball.

How many sisters? One or two? One

Mike's sister, who is a nurse, plays volleyball.

Mike's sister, who is a nurse, plays volleyball.
Mike's sister plays volleyball.

Why is this strange?
Jon's mother who is retired likes to travel. Two mothers

Jon's mother, who is retired, likes to travel. One mother

Million-dollar comma case- Rogers

contract 

https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/a-2-million-comma-au-contraire-rogers-tells-aliant/article4112092/



essential and non-essential clauses
restrictive and non-restrictive clauses

Comm 11/12 Adv cl quiz

1.    because      typical

Her son sleeps late because he is a typical teenager.

Because her son is a typical teenager, so he sleeps late. XXX

because -complex sentence

so - compound sentence

Because her son is a typical teenager, he sleeps late. COMPLEX

Her son is a typical teenager, so he sleeps late.

COMPOUND

2.    if                 knowledge

If you are knowledge, you will pass the exam.

knowledge (n)

If you are knowledgeable, you will pass the exam.

If you have knowledge, you will pass the exam.

You are tall. (adj)

3.    when          math

4.    after            school

5.    whenever   home

Whenever I get home late, my mother is worried.

6.    since           immigrated

We have lived in Canada since we immigrated in 2001.

7.    while                   reading

8.    although    late

9.    so...that      busy

His coffee business is so popular that he is busy seven days a week. 

10. as...as        tall

EF 4/5 Compound sentences ;

She likes coffee, but I like tea.

She likes coffee; I like tea.

; = semicolon

therefore
however
moreover
on the other hand
nevertheless

She likes coffee; however, I like tea.

She likes coffee. However, I like tea.

EF4/5 Compound sentences - exercises

4. I wanted to buy a Groodle puppy, so I started to 

save my money.

Groodle = a mix of poodle and golden retriever

8. You can complain all day long. You can do 

your work.

You can complain all day long, or you can do 

your work.

Every jobsite has a complainer. They are always 

bellyaching.

12. I was not very hungry. I ate six cookies.

I was not very hungry, but I ate six cookies.

I was not very hungry, so I ate six cookies.

I was not very hungry, for I ate six cookies.

18. I didn’t do my homework. I feel like I

let myself down.

I didn’t do my homework, so I feel like I

let myself down.

I didn’t do my homework, and I feel like I

let myself down. Almost always possible to say 

'and'

Comm 11/12 adjective clauses

adjective clauses- fairly complex

adjectives = describe nouns colour, size, age
The green car is mine.

nouns function as adjective
The green fibreglass car is mine.

The store is open.
The new store is open.
The grocery store is open.

The book store is closed.

nouns acting as adjective don't take an 's'

The six years old girl is very happy. XXX

The six-year-old girl is very happy.

hyphen -


This class is nine weeks long.
This is a nine weeks class. XXX
This is a nine-week class.


adjective clause SV
who - people
that - everything
which - things that not alive, also if there only one

The  iphone which / that is on the table is blue.
My grandmother's wedding ring which is gold is very small.
Beijing which is the capital of China is a huge city.

The girl who is standing by the tree is my sister.

Joe has a car that has 19" wheels.

who, that, which - subject pronoun

Sarah has a dog that has white paws.

Sarah has a dog that she loves. object pronoun
Sarah has a dog that she loves.
Sarah has a dog she loves. authentic English

Sarah has a sister that she loves.
Sarah has a sister who she loves.
Sarah has a sister she loves.
Sarah has a sister whom she loves.

whom is for object pronoun
TRUTH- nobody says 'whom'
'who' is fine
'whom' is extremely formal, very low frequency

NATURAL SOUNDING
The girl that I was talking to is my sister.
The girl I was talking to is my sister.
The girl who I was talking to is my sister.

UNNATURAL SOUNDING
The girl whom I was talking to is my sister.
grammar book English

The girl whom I was talking to is my sister.
grammar book English. 

My old grammar teacher said, "Never end a clause with a preposition."
The girl to whom I was talking is my sister.
grammar book English- every formal English


phrasal verbs
talk to
talk with
talk about
talk for
talk over

whom - use in this convention
To whom it may concern,


To who it may concern, XXX

Tomorrow:

The girl who I was talking to is my sister.

The girl, who I was talking to, is my sister.

EF 4/5 Weather video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1eRp0EGOmE

EF4/5 Simple sentence quiz

Write a simple sentence for each word:
1. money
He earns some money at his part-time job.

2. coin
The coin is square.
The old coin is made of silver.
The coins are different sizes.

3. government
4. happiness (n)
Happiness is hard to find.
She wants to have happiness in her life.
He found happiness in his children.
My happiness is planting trees.

5. country
6. immigrated (v)
My sister immigrated to England two years ago.
immigrant She is an immigrant to England.
immigration Immigration takes a long time.
People immigrate.
Animals migrate.
150 years ago, people in Canada started to move from the countryside to the city.

7. bought
8. printing
We are printing the school newspaper tomorrow afternoon.

9. education
Education is very important for us.

10. study

Comm 11/12 Adverb clauses

because
if 
when

even if / if

She will come to your party if you invite her.
inference If you don't invite her, she won't come.

She will come to your party even if you don't invite her.

LOGIC

A                                B               B affects A

We will stay home if it rains.

A                                B               B doesn't affect A

We will stay home even if it is sunny.

provided that = fancy 'if' for important things

We can go grab a coffee if you have time.

You can get married provided that you love each other.

She will become a Canadian citizen provided that she meets the criteria.

though / although/ even though

in order that / so that

Maria is saving money so that she go to The Philippines for Xmas.

Maria is saving money in order that she go to The Philippines for Xmas.

in order that - not high frequency

in order to - very high frequency

Maria is saving money in order that she can go to The Philippines for Xmas.

Maria is saving money in order to she can go to The Philippines for Xmas.

Maria is saving money in order to go to The Philippines for Xmas.

MODALS / MODAL AUXILIARIES

can

may

could

would

should

must

might

will

shall - very low frequency

have to

need to

ought to

be going to

be able to

have got to

be used to

as though

She spends money as though she were a millionaire.

If I won the lottery, I would buy a solid gold toothbrush.

subjunctive mood - dreaming, not true

If she were a doctor, she would be happy.

He eats as if he were born in a cave.

so ... that

It is so cold that we have to start a fire.

She is so tall that she has trouble buying clothes.

That puppy is so cute that I want to pat it.

That puppy is very / really / pretty / super (slang) cute.

The movie was pretty good. It was super good.

It was awesome.

awe (n)= deep deep wonder

Wow!

... ellipsis ...    ....... NOT ENGLISH

as ... as

as tall as

She is as tall as her mother (is).

similes - comparison between two things, using 'like' or 'as'

She is as tall as a tree.

He is as deaf as a post.

He is as blind as a bat.

My grandmother is as old as the hills.

She is as quiet as a mouse. She is silent. She is reticent.

My grandfather was as hard as nails.

Her son is as thin as a dime.

For quiz tomorrow:

because

if

when

after

before

whenever

since

while

although/though/even though

even if

provided that

so that

so...that

as...as