We
will get started at 8:30.
Cameras
on. Mics muted.
Today’s
agenda:
1.
Begin adjective clauses
2.
Idioms IF TIME?
3.
Topic for small-group discussions tomorrow: The internet is
harmful to children.
Reflect on this topic. Come prepared
to contribute to a small-group tomorrow.
Tomorrow-
Quiz#4- noun clauses
A-
think, say, feel, believe, understand
B-
that, what, why, how
A+B
= start of a noun clause
We
all understand that
the internet is problematic today.
thunder
and lightning
thunderclaps
bolt
of lightning
torrential
rain – The rain was coming down in buckets.
hail?
frozen rain?
Full
review of sentences
SIMPLE
COMPOUND , SOBA
; ; TRANS,
COMPLEX
-adverb
clauses
-noun
clauses
-adjective
clauses
Full
review of sentences.
MY
ADVICE: You have to know this. You
have to be able to write these. It will make your school life and professional
life much easier if you can do this.
I encourage you practice daily
with focus and energy.
adjective
clauses- describe nouns
adjective
describes nouns-
a
red hat
the
broken window
a
challenging problem
a
fun party
more
complicated ideas- use adjective clause
SV
KEY
WORDS FOR ADJECTIVE WORDS: that who which
OTHER
LESS-FREQUENT WORDS: whose where whom
Focus
on these: that who which (95% of the time)
Far
less important: whose where whom (5% of the time)
who- people
that- things, animals, people-sounds cold, uncaring
which- special things, unique things
My neighbour is very friendly. simple sentence
My neighbour who has three dogs is very friendly.
who has three dogs – adl cl, describing neighbour
My neighbour who has three dogs is very friendly.
MAIN CLAUSE + ADJECTIVE CLAUSE (In
this example, the adjective clause splits the main clause.)
Her sister who lives in Tokyo works in the government.
Joe has a friend who played in the NBA.
COMPLEX- adj cl
Mistake: My neighbour is very friendly who has three dogs. misplaced modifier,
in the wrong place
RW
My neighbour who is very friendly has three dogs.
Style – What do you want the emphasis of the sentence to be?
Main clause – strong
Dependent clause (adv, n, adj) weaker
My neighbour who is very friendly has three dogs. emphasis – ‘dogs’
My neighbour who has three dogs is very friendly. emphasis ‘friendly’
As you become a more experienced writer, you will decide your
sentence styles according to how you want your ideas to be received.
that – things, animals
Mary bought a cell phone that has a five-inch screen.
The boots that I bought last week
are leaking.
Yuko has a cat that has a fluffy tail.
which – special things, unique things
She loved the ring which her husband gave her. sounds
special
She loved the ring that her husband gave her.
This is the picture which my son drew for me.
The Great Wall of China, which is an ancient feat of
engineering, draws millions of visitors a year.
, adj cl , non-essential
clause, non-restrictive clause
Let’s meet at Starbucks.
Which one?
Let’s meet at Starbucks which is on Fraser and 49th.
‘which is on Fraser and 49th’ – essential, necessary no comma
I live in Vancouver, which is a nice city in BC. not essential, extra information, separate it
with a comma
I live in a small town which is in the Okanagan. essential
information no comma
PAST TENSE: I lived in a small town which was in the Okanagan.
Using a comma or not using a comma is a small detail. It is important,
but if you get it wrong, it’s not a big deal.
MOST IMPORTANT IDEAS:
who that which
My mother, who lives in Nova Scotia, loves to play bridge.
comma or no comma?
How many mothers do I have? 1, one
A.
She has several sisters. Her sister who lives in Spain is a nurse.
B.
She has one sister. Her sister, who lives in Spain, is a nurse.
Don’t worry too much. You will get it in time.
TWO BASIC SV FORMATS FOR ADJECTIVE CLAUSES:
who V “My friend who lives in Burnaby is a firefighter.”
who SV “The man who I was talking with is a firefighter.”
that V “This is the pen that leaked all over the paper.”
that SV “This is the pen that you lent to me.”
which V
which SV
Exercises for homework.
Write a sentence
using an adjective clause for each:
e.g. Joe bought a car. It has only
three wheels left.
Joe bought a
car which has only three wheels left.
Joe bought a car that has only
three wheels left.
The car that Joe bought has
only three wheels left.
The car which Joe bought has
only three wheels left.
She plays a banjo which her grandfather gave her.
special
I have a banjo that I found in the garbage. not
special
1. Maria works in a restaurant. She sits next to me in class.
Maria works in a
restaurant who sits next to me in class. XXX
Maria who sits next to me in class
works in a restaurant.
My wife, who sits next to me in
class, works in a restaurant.
2. Halifax is the capital of Nova Scotia. It is a beautiful city.
3. I bought a book. I am enjoying it.
4. We bought some BC peaches. They were on sale.
5. The car has a bad engine. I bought it last month.
6. We saw the woman at the grocery store. She lives next door to us.
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