Good morning, everyone.
Today’s Agenda
·
Quiz3 - adverb clauses
·
Begin adjective clauses, final kind of clause
·
Continue verb tense- modals
·
Essay work
·
Work on spoken dialogue presentations
Friday
·
“Self-Assessment Reflection” Week 4
·
Return Quiz 3
Go over
Optional RW for bonus point
·
Continue adjective clauses
·
Work on spoken dialogue presentations
Monday
·
Dialogue presentations
·
Continue adjective clauses
Quiz tomorrow
Choose vocabulary
·
Verb tense- present perfect
Tuesday
·
Dialogue presentations
·
Quiz4- adjective clauses- FINAL QUIZ
Wednesday
·
Dialogue presentations
·
Essay 1
Thursday
·
Dialogue presentations
·
Optional replacement quiz and/or test
Friday
Final day
·
Return essay
Optional RW for bonus point
·
One-on-one meetings
SHORT OF TIME, AREAS TO EXPLORE ON YOUR OWN: Causative verbs
Noun clauses
COMING UP
·
FINISH “Odd
Word Out 2” from two weeks ago
I think we can get it all done.
Quiz3
Write a sentence with an adverb clause for each.
Pass in by 9:05
1.
before friend
2.
when follow
3.
since solution
4.
because family
5.
if piece
6.
unless improve
Noun Clauses
Two pools of words to choose from for noun clauses:
A. VERBS
B.
We most often connect these verbs with these
words: that, what, why, how, who, where
EXAMPLES:
Maris said why she was
late today.
Joe understands that he must stop smoking.
I don’t know what she wants.
I don’t know why she is so happy today.
We probably won’t have time to learn these in detail. You
can learn about them on your own if you wish. I have a HANDOUT for you.
**
OLD WORDS REPLACED BY NEW WORDS
Peking Beijing
Burma Myanmar
UK cities US/Canada
cities
York New York
Jersey New Jersey
Westminster New Westminster,
BC
* SIMPLE- one main clause
SV SSV
SVV SSVV Imperative
Interrogative
STYLE ADVICE: If something is important and
you want to people to remember it, write it in a simple sentence.
-powerful, clear, direct
* COMPOUND – two main clauses joined
together
1. ,
FANBOYS , SOBA
2. ;
semicolon
3. ;
TRANS,
Transitional words and terms: e.g.
however therefore also
nevertheless to tell the
truth in general moreover
* COMPLEX – one main clause + one
subordinate clause
1. adverb clauses- because when
if since so that
so...that, as, while, whenever, before, after, etc.
2. NO TIME – INVESTIGATE ON YOUR OWN- noun
clause- verbs- feel think know say know believe
pronouns?- that why how OTHERS if whether
3. adjective clauses LAST ONE
***
COMPLEX SENTENCES
adjective clauses – more in-depth, more
detailed
keep it as simple as possible to start-
start basic and then go deeper
adjective – describes a noun
the red hat adjective
the nice red hat adjective
a green hat-
She is green with envy. - jealous
He is wearing a green hat.
green(adj)- new at a job, don’t know what
you’re doing yet
She is a very green manager. She is
inexperienced.
EXTRA INFORMATION:
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES (or other nouns
functioning as adjectives):
opinion, size, age, shape, colour,
material, origin, purpose NOUN
It is a beautiful diamond
ring.
It is a diamond beautiful ring. XXX
She has a nice leather jacket.
opinion, size, age, shape, colour,
material, origin, purpose NOUN
My grandmother broke her gorgeous
sky-blue English teapot.
Shari loves to listen to ancient Persian music.
The dog plays with a big round plastic
chew toy.
Yuko collects old Japanese tea sets.
It is a beautiful brand-new oval blue
diamond. MAYBE TOO MANY ADJS
DETAIL ABOUT PUNCTUATION , commas
It is a beautiful blue diamond. no
comma
It is an expensive, beautiful diamond
ring. comma
That is a cute, charming baby.
ALTERATIVE WAY TO EXPRESS ADJECTIVES
She bought a blue and green sweater.
She bought a bluish green sweater.
He has bluish grey eyes.
blue- bluish- mix of blue
She has long reddish brown hair.
He has a salt and pepper beard.
TALKING IDIOM Also ‘ish’ for time Let’s go home 9ish. We’ll start 6ish.
What time do you get up? 7ish. 6ish.
5:45- exact
I got some coffee cups. coffee-
noun, acting like an adjective
I love coffee. Coffee- noun, acting like a noun
We use nouns as descriptive words (like adjectives)
all the time.
purpose - neck tie school book
sports/running shoes
eyeglasses water bottle rain jacket
adjectives for shape: circle(n) round(adj)
circular(adj)
triangle(n) triangular(adj)
square(n) square(adj)
A five-sided table. A pentagonal table.
An octagonal stop sign. An eight-sided stop
sign.
The Pentagon-
Yoda- Star Wars- peak backwards, “You must
use the force.” “Use the force , you must.”
individual adjectives – good for simple
ideas
e.g black tea, herbal tea, green tea, Orange
Pekoe, mint tea, apple tea
cinnamon tea
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
More
complicated, in-depth description – use adjective clauses
e.g.
I love the tea that my sister makes from flower petals.
complicated
ideas – my sister made it, made from flower petals
I
love the delicious tea that my sister makes from flower petals.
ALTERNATIVES:
I
love the tea that my sister makes from flower petals.
I
love the tea made from flower petals.
BASIC I love the tea (which is) made from flower
petals.
I
love the tea made from flower petals by my sister. AWKWARD
VERB
TENSE -
I love the tea that my sister makes from flower petals. simple present
I love the tea which is made from flower petals. simple present and passive voice
I
loved the tea which my sister made from flower petals. simple past
CONFUSION
– made- simple past and participle
I
love my sister’s flower-petal tea. adjective
More
complicated ideas- use an adjective clause
***
Three
most common pronouns for adjective clauses: who that which
***
95% of the time- who that which ***
Other
less-commonly used pronouns for adjective clauses: whom, where, whose
PARTICULAR
POINT OF CONFUSION
whom
– very rarely used, very fancy sounding, sounds like a grammar book
Native
English speakers rarely use ‘whom’. We
say ‘who’.
MY ADVICE:
Forget about ‘whom’. It is not important.
e.g.
The woman to whom I was speaking is my sister. GRAMMAR BOOK
The
woman who I was talking/speaking to/with is my sister. SOUNDS GREAT
The
woman I was talking/speaking to is my sister. VERY AUTHENTIC
Joe,
whom I work with, is a great colleague.
*One
exception about ‘whom’. writing to someone, don’t know who will be receiving
the letter
GREETING
for an impersonal business-type letter:
To
whom it may concern,
Not
an everyday occurrence. Pretty rare.
e.g.
business letter, reference letter
FORMAL
SOUNDING ENGLISH preposition + whom
to
whom from whom with whom
With
whom were you speaking? EXTREMELY FORMAL STYLE, STIFF, SERIOUS, GRAMMAR BOOK
Who
were talking to? CASUAL
Pick
your tone. Formal or authentic? What impression are you trying to make?
**
Wedding
invitation- very formal language
Mr.
and Mrs. Chen request the honor of your presence
at the nuptials of their daughter…
RSVP
MEANING:
Please come to our daughter’s wedding.
Pick
your tone. Time and place.
FOCUS
ON HIGH-FREQUENCY WORDS: who that which – 95% of the time
*who
– used for people, any people, sounds nice, sounds polite and respectful, you
can use it for all people
*that-
things that are not alive, animals, people (sounds a little disrespectful, sounds
like you don’t like that person)
SUBTLETY
IN ENGLISH, signal your opinion of a person:
The
guy that my sister married is a creep. adjective clause
VOCAB
creep- a man who gives you a weird negative feeling, makes you feel
uncomfortable
The
man who my other sister married is awesome. adjective clause
That
people that did not respect me are now out of my life.
The
people who are my true friends will always be with me.
‘that’
-tricky word in English, many uses in English
adjective
clauses & noun clauses & pronoun
Who
is that? Not an adjective clause, sounds polite
Who
is that woman you were talking to?
That
is a beautiful baby!
Is
that your son? -sounds ok
She
said that she would come to the party.
He
bought a car that runs on electricity.
that-
confusing word, used different ways
adj
cl
n
cl
pronoun
She
said that that pen that she bought is nice. adjective
clause noun clause pronoun
Same
meaning, easier to understand:
She
said the pen that she bought is nice.
*which-
special things (special to you), unique things
This
is a watch that I bought last week on Amazon. not special, just a watch
I
really like the watch which my dad gave me for my 18th birthday.
special
She
has a diamond wedding ring which her husband gave her.
wedding
ring – which
bracelet
necklace
anklet
ring
necklace
that your grandmother gave you – which
toothbrush
– that
glasses-
that
gem
stone- emerald, ruby, diamond
*which
– special things, unique things
special
things- You decide if it is special to you.
I
have a silver ring which my son gave me. a special thing to me
She
has a necklace which her son made for her.
Mei
is wearing the jade necklace which her grandmother gave to her.
Shirin
is wearing the jade necklace that her grandmother gave to her. (sounds
like a regular necklace, not special)
Clara
put the picture which her son painted for her up on the fridge.
*unique
things- only one in the world
Beijing,
which is the capital of China, hosted the 2022 Olympic Summer Games. unique
GOOD
RULE OF THUMB: only one, put commas around it
Edmonton,
which has a huge indoor mall, is in northern Alberta.
She
lived in Tehran, which is the capitol of Iran.
She
lived in Tehran. It is the capitol of Iran. 2 SIMPLE SENT
Marta
visited the Eiffel Tower, which is in Paris.
Marta
visited the Eiffel Tower that is in Paris. XXX sounds like there are
several Eiffel Towers
The
CN Tower, which is in Toronto, has the Edgewalk.
Marta
visited the Starbucks that/which is on Robson Street.
REVIEW
who-people
that-things, animals
which- special things, unique things
Philosophical
question- Is AI or a robot conscious?
**10-minute break
*Excellent grammar
book – good reference book for grammar
Understanding
and Using English Grammar, Betty Azar
blue version
Vocab. books for
college-entry exam.
REVIEW ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
95% of the time -who that
which
Less important-
whom, where, whose
EXAMPLES OF
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
-who- people
My neighbour
who is very elderly does not like my son to play in the backyard.
who is very elderly adj cl SV
neighbour- person
neighborhood- area
of a city
community- group of
people
We have a close
community in our neighborhood.
elderly(adj) –
elder(n), senior, aged (Biblical), older(sounds polite), old (doesn’t
sound polite), senior citizen
My dad is getting
older. He is older now. He is 81.
IMPOLITE IDIOMS-
one foot/paw in the grave, on his last legs, knocking on Heaven’s door, long in
the tooth, ready to give up the ghost
That old dog is
long in the tooth. very old
long in the tooth
(idiom)- horses teeth grow their whole life, also mice, also beavers, rabbits
Sometimes people
who are very elderly start to worry about going to heaven. They start going to
church and praying and reading Holy books.
“They are cramming
for the final.”
‘cramming for the
final’ - studying all night before a big test
cram- study hard in
a short period of time
‘cram schools’ –
Japan, school that promote intense studying for a exam
The girl
who has long hair is very smart. COMPLEX SENTENCE-ADJ CL
Sarah who
is a good friend of mine. XXX FRAG need
another v
Sarah who
is a good friend of mine is younger than me.
**Commas around adjective
clauses- deeper level, tomorrow
*that- things,
animals
The dog that
has a white tail is very cute.
The dog that
has a white tail. XXX FRAG
FIXES
The dog that
is little has a white tail.
The dog that
has a white tail is mine.
The dog has a white tail. SIMPLE
The little girl
who is skinny is her daughter.
The man who is
in a blue shirt is my teacher.
The man is wearing a blue shirt that is very expensive.
The man is wearing a blue shirt that is very expensive is my friend. XXX
The man is wearing a blue shirt that is very expensive. He is my friend.
Focus on short
clear sentences.
The man is wearing
a blue shirt which/that suits him.
IDIOM suits you-
looks good on you
That hat suits you.
Those glasses don’t
suit you. They don’t look good on you.
The man who
is wearing a blue short he is
my teacher.
The man is my teacher
who is wearing a blue shirt. NOT AUTHENTIC
We have a boy/son who
was born in 2013.
The deep-fried
chicken that was tasty was you gave me. XXX
The deep-fried
chicken that you gave me was tasty.
You gave me some
chicken that was tasty.
She has a phone
that takes HD video.
HD- high definition
He uses a pen that
is a translator.
*which – special
things, unique things(only one)
In general, put commas
around which clauses.
South Hiil
Education Centre, which offers
high school courses to adults, is on
Fraser Street.
Stanley Park, which
is a huge urban park, is very popular with locals and tourists.
Her necklace, which
her grandmother left for her,
is very nice.
Her necklaces, which
her grandmother left for her, are
very nice.
**who, that, which-
singular and plural
VOCAB inherit,
leave, will
He inherited an old
house from his grandmother.
Her grandfather
left her his stamp collection.
My water bottle,
which my student bought in China, was a thoughtful gift.
OR
I value the bottle
which my student bought for me in China.
heritage- old
culture, traditions
Heritage House- an
old house in a city with historical importance
FOCUS: who that
which
“Adjective Clause Exercises”
e.g.
Adjective Clause Exercises
Create an adjective clause
with the bolded words for each sentence. Write your completed sentences on your
own paper.
e.g.
Sasha’s neighbour ____ is
very funny. retired
Sasha’s neighbour who is a
retired nurse is very funny.
Mary replaced her old phone. crack
screen
Mary replaced her old phone that
has a cracked screen.
Vancouver _____ is a
beautiful city. west
Vancouver, which is in
western Canada, is a beautiful city.
Beijing _____ is a big city. Jun
born
Beijing, where Jun was
born, is a big city.
Juan is the man. daughter
scholarship
Juan is the man whose
daughter got a big scholarship.
Exercises
1.
The woman who
is lives lives/is living next door is very kind.
2.
The book that
borrow library was fascinating. XXX
The
book that I borrowed from the library was fascinating.
3.
The car buy
last year broke down yesterday. XXX
The
car that/which I bought last year broke down yesterday.
4.
The restaurant _____
serves delicious pasta. dinner.
The
restaurant that we had dinner in serves delicious pasta.
The
restaurant where we had dinner in serves delicious pasta.
The
restaurant in which we had dinner serves delicious pasta. EXTREMELY
FORMAL, GRAMMAR BOOK
The restaurant that serves
delicious pasta is my favourite.
Any restaurant that serves
delicious pasta is my favourite.
The restaurant that I ate
dinner at serves delicious pasta.
The restaurant where I ate
dinner serves delicious pasta.
The country that he was born
in is Syria.
The country where he was
born is Syria.
The country in which he
was born is Syria. EXTREMELY FORMAL
Iran is the country that/which
she was born in.
Iran is the country where
she was born. MOST COMMON WAY
where
– where something happens
Vietnam,
where he was born, is a beautiful country.
5.
The student whose
phone rang/ringing needs to turn it off.
whose- shows possession, own
something
The woman whose daughter
won a scholarship is very proud.
VOCAB proud(adj)- pride(n)
The man has a son. The son is
a top student. The man feels proud of his son.
The man whose son is a top
student feels proud.
6.
This is the park _____. children play
This
is the park that children play in.
This
is the park where children play.
SHEC
is the school where I take my classes.
SHEC
is the school that I take my classes in.
Canada
is the country where I live now. COMPLEX – ADJ CL
Canada
is the country that I live in now. COMPLEX – ADJ CL
I
live in Canada now. SIMPLE
Your
choice.
I
lived in Saudi Arabia where I worked as an interior designer.
I
lived in Saudi Arabia when I worked as an interior designer. COMPLEX - ADV CL
I
lived in Saudi Arabia when I was married. not married anymore, don’t live in SA
any more
I
lived in Saudi Arabia where I was married.
7.
The artist
_____ is world-famous. paintings gallery
8.
The movie _____ was
really scary. watch last night
The
movie that we watched last night was really scary/frightening. I was scared/afraid.
9.
She met a man who
speaks five languages.
10.
The dog _____ belongs
to our neighbor. bark night
The
dog that barks every night belongs to our neighbor.
The
dog that barks loudly belongs to our neighbor.
The
dog that barked last night belongs to our neighbor. once
The
dog that was barking last night belongs to our neighbor. continuous
11.
The house _____ has
a lot of history. build 1890
The
house that my uncle built in 1890 has a lot of history.
The
house that was built in 1890
has a lot of history. passive voice
The
well-known house which was built
in 1890 has a lot of history.
It
is heritage house.
heritage-
old, traditional, historical, culture
She
is very interested in her Persian/Japanese/Chinese/Irish heritage.
12.
The teacher _____
retired recently. teach us
The
teacher who taught us retired recently.
13.
The dress that
she wore to/at the party was stunning.
VOCAB
beautiful, gorgeous, a knockout
CONTINUE
TOMORROW
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