Monday, 21 July 2025

EF5 Class 14

 

Good morning, everyone.

 

Today’s Agenda

·      First day of registration for September

The link will be sent to you this morning. I will show how to reg.

·      Presentations next week-

Perform dialogues which we will write.

Groups of two.

Choose a scenario

Brainstorm and write dialogues. We will write it ourselves.

Perform the dialogues in front of the class.

Worth 5 points

Sign-up sheet

·      Continue complex sentences: adverb clauses

·      Return Test 2

Go over

Optional RW for bonus point

·      FINISH “Multiple Choice Synonyms 1”

 

Tuesday

·      Continue verb tenses- past progressive

·      Continue complex sentences: adverb clauses

Quiz3 Wednesday

Choose vocabulary to review

·      Work on spoken dialogue presentations

 

Wednesday

·      Quiz3

·      Talk about noun clauses, no quiz, short of time

·      Verb tense- modals

·      Work on spoken dialogue presentations

 

Thursday

·      Return Quiz 3

Go over

Optional RW for bonus point

·      Begin adjective clauses, final kind of clause

·      Continue verb tense- modals

·      Work on spoken dialogue presentations

 

Friday

·      “Self-Assessment Reflection” Week 4

·      Continue adjective clauses

·      Verb tense- present perfect, final verb tenses

·      Work on spoken dialogue presentations

 

Monday

·      Dialogue presentations

·      Continue adjective clauses

Quiz tomorrow

Choose vocabulary

·      Verb tense- present perfect

 

Tuesday

·      Dialogue presentations

·      Quiz4- adjective clauses- FINAL QUIZ

 

Wednesday

·      Dialogue presentations

·      Essay 1

 

Thursday

·      Dialogue presentations

·      Optional replacement quiz and/or test

 

Friday

Final day

·      Return essay

Optional RW for bonus point

·      One-on-one meetings

 

 

COMING UP

·      Essays

·      Modals/modal auxiliaries

·      “100 Most Used Adjectives”

·      Verb tenses         -past progressive

-present perfect

·      FINISH        “Odd Word Out 2” from two weeks ago

 

I think we can get it all done.

 

 

 

**

Presentations

Dialogues- conversation between two people

Get into groups of two. There might be one group of three.

Choose a scenario.

Sign up on the sheet.

Discuss, brainstorm and write a dialogue- 3-5 minutes.

We will some class time to put the dialoges together

On your presentation day, you will come up to the front of the class and do/perform the dialogue.

You can have the dialogue written down. Please, no reading.

As a class, we will give some written feedback.

Value: 5 points.

 

 

Test 2

Phone and devices away.

Doublespace.

Name and class top right.

Write between the margins.

Follow paragraph format.

Write an opinion paragraph on one of the following topics:

 

1. Should young children (6-10) have cell phones? Why or why not?

2. What is the best cuisine in the world? Why?

 

 

 

 

SENTENCE TYPES:

-Simple   SV   SSV   SVV   SSVV   Imperative   Interrogative

 

-Compound   SV, SOBA SV.   SV; SV.   SV; TRANS, SV.

FANBOYS

 

-Complex   -adverb clauses-, BEGINNING THIS WEEK

                     -noun clauses- Next week

                     -adjective clauses- In two weeks

 

-Compound complex

 

 

 

Complex sentences- adverb clauses

 

The three golden/most high-frequency words for adverb clauses:

‘because’                                  ‘if’                                    ‘when’

 

These three words are the most commonly used for adverb clauses.

You can say a lot using ‘because’, ‘if’, and ‘when’.

e.g

Martha came to Canada as a refugee because there is a war in her country.

Because there is a war in her Martha’s country, Marthas she came to Canada as a refugee.

Because there is a war in Martha’s country, she came to Canada as a refugee.

 

Martia came to Canada as a refugee. There is a war in her country. 2 SIMPLE SENTENCES

 

Martia came to Canada as a refugee because there is a war in her country.

 

Everybody feels good today. The weather is gorgeous.  2 SIMPLES

VOCAB gorgeous(adj) beautiful

 

Everybody feels good today because the weather is gorgeous.

Because the weather is gorgeous today, everybody feels good.

 

-two clauses        -independent clause = main clause

                               -dependent clause = subordinate clause

Grammar words, nomenclature- look it up on your own

 

Two styles for sentences with adverb clauses:

1. main clause subordinate clause

He is happy because he got a job.

2. subordinate clause main clause

Because he got a job, he is happy.

 

He doesn’t like ice cream because it is too sweet.

Because ice cream is too sweet, he doesn’t like it.

Your choice.

I can’t eat ice cream because I am allergic to milk. I am lactose-intolerant.

 

ERRORS

He is happy, because he got a job. XXX small error

FIXES

He is happy because he got a job.

Because he got a job, he is happy.

 

He is happy. Because he got a job. XXX

FIX

He is happy because he got a job.

He is happy. independent clause / main clause- simple sent

Because he got a job. -dependent clause, subordinate clause- not a sentence by itself

 

independent/dependent

She is an independent person. She takes care of herself.

The little boy is dependent on his mother. He is a momma’s boy.

She is daddy’s girl.

IDIOM She has him wrapped around her finger.

 

Her daughter is very independent even though she is only 6.

 

Martia came to Canada as a refugee because there is a war in her country. COMPLEX SENT- ADVERB CLAUSE

Martia came to Canada as a refugee because of the war in her country. SIMPLE SENTENCE

 

**NOTE: ‘here’ and ‘there’ are not subjects. They always point to some other thing.

Here are your keys.

There is your sister.

 

 

 

We will stay home because of the rain / due to the rain. SIMPLE SENT NO SV

We will stay home because it is raining. COMPLEX SENT-ADV CL

 

 

-clause- a group of words that has a S and V

Because there is a war in her country. sentence fragment, casual talking, not good for writing

 

Because the bus broke down. casual talking

I was late because the bus broke down. writing COMPLEX SENT-ADV CL

 

TWO WAYS TO DO THIS:

1.    Martia came to Canada as a refugee because there is a war in her country. no comma

2.    Because there is a war in Martia’s country, she came to Canada as a refugee. use a comma ,

NOTE: Some teachers say to not begin a sentence with ‘because’. It’s ok.

 

 

 

She talks to water/tree/their dog/telephone because she wants to free her mind.

 

She bounces her ideas off her friend because she wants some advice.

 

An echo is sound bouncing back off a mountain.

Echo- Greek mythology, nymph, died of a broken heart

 

Example:

I am going out for a dinner because it is my birthday. no comma

Because it is my birthday, I am going out for a dinner. comma

Your stylistic choice. What do you want to emphasize?

 

Because of my birthday, I am going out for a dinner. SIMPLE

I am going out for a dinner because of my birthday. SIMPLE

 

 

*if- maybe yes, maybe no

If I have time, I will call you.

If I get a new job, I will invite all of our classmates to a restaurant.

I will call you if I have time. I will call you later/tonight if I have time.

I will invite all of our classmates to a restaurant if I get a new job.

 

I will call you some/one day.

We’ll call you if you get the job.

 

If the weather will be is hot on the weekend, I will not go out.

If I get insomnia, the next day I will have no energy.

Some people have chronic insomnia.

Because she had insomnia last night, today she is sleepy.

 

1.    Make sure your room is dark. Use a heavy curtain.

2.    Use a room humidifier.

3.    Get a good mattress.

4.    Relax.

 

Because my good friend has chronic insomnia, she drinks warm milk every night.

She write down her problems because she can’t stop overthinking.

I used to overthink things.

 

If you can’t sleep, you should count sheep.

You have to clear your mind if you want to sleep.

 

 

*when- time

When I was a young girl, I ate a lot of ice cream and cake.

IDIOM have a sweet-tooth - like sweet things

When While she was talking on the phone with her husband, her daughter was reading a book.

PHRASAL VERB talk to / talk with

while- two actions at the same time

I was washing the dishes while she was watching TV.

 

High-frequency words: because   if   when

 

Tomorrow, we will go over all of them.

Which ones do you know already? Which ones are new?

TIME

PLACE

CONDITION

MANNER

CAUSE

PURPOSE

 

CONTINUE TOMORROW

 

 

Examples of adverb clauses:

because – as   since

Martia came to Canada as a refugee because there is a war in her country.

Martia came to Canada as a refugee as there is a war in her country.

*‘as’ is not used as much as ‘because’

Martia came to Canada as a refugee since there is a war in her country.

VOCAB refugee- a person who escapes from their country because it is too dangerous to stay

 

Martia came to Canada as a refugee because there is of a war in her country. SIMPLE because of

Martia came to Canada as a refugee because there is due to a war in her country. SIMPLE due to

 

There were strange noises because/since/as the building was old.

The weather is getting hotter as/since/because the summer is coming.

 

She cancelled her plans due to classes. SIMPLE

She cancelled her plans because/since/as she had classes. COMPLEX- adv cl

 

 

**

Old-fashioned rule: Don’t start a sentence with ‘because’.

Not a grammar error. Your choice.

**

Because it is so hot out, she will go get an ice cream.

She will go get an ice cream because it is so hot out.

 

**

QUICK REVIEW:

SV because SV.

SV if SV.

SV when SV.

OR

Because SV, SV.

If SV, SV.

When SV, SV.

 

 

Let’s explore some new vocab for adverb clauses

 

TIME

*after

The kids did their homework after dinner. SIMPLE SV

The kids did their homework after they had dinner. COMPLEX-ADV CL

SV after SV.

 

After the kids had dinner, they did their homework. COMPLEX-ADV CL

I finished my class. Afterwards, I will have dinner. 2 SIMPLES

After I finish my class, I will have dinner. COMPLEX- ADV CL

I will have dinner after I finish my class. COMPLEX- ADV CL

After I pass this course, I will register for the next level of course.

I will register for the next level of course after I pass this course.

 

*before

The kids ate their dinner before they went to bed.

Before the kids went to bed, they ate their dinner.

 

*since- time

Mei has lived in BC since 2019. SIMPLE SV

Mei has lived in BC since SV 2019. COMPLEX- ADV CL

Mei has lived in BC since she moved here in 2019. COMPLEX- ADV CL

 

Mei feels better since she had a nap. COMPLEX- ADV CL

Since Mei had a nap, she feels better. COMPLEX- ADV CL

 

Since I joined the English class, I feel more confident. COMPLEX- ADV CL

I feel more confident since I joined the English class. COMPLEX- ADV CL

 

*ever since- feels a long time

We have been friends ever since we were kids.

VERB TENSE- present perfect- suggests a span of time

Sharif and Matt have been friends ever since they were 15.

I have been friends with her ever since we were in Grade 5.

You have been improving your English speaking skills ever since you came to Canada.

It depends on your feeling.How does it feel? long time-ever since   short time-since

 

She has never smiled ever since she got married. JOKE

I have forgotten a lot of my German ever since I stopped using it.

Since I moved to Canada, I have continued my studies.

Jun has played piano ever since she was four years old.

since- time

ever since- emphasizes long time

Since she failed the test, she has to study in the summer. because

Since she failed the test, she has been sad. time

 

*until- waiting for something

She will wait until you are ready.

I will study English until I can speak fluently.

Could you please look after my stuff until I get back?

We put off the meeting until next week. SIMPLE

We put off the meeting until we have time next week. COMPLEX- ADV CL

VOCAB-PHRASAL VERB put off – delay, postpone

 

PRONUNCIATION  stuff   staff – uncountable  stuffs    staffs

The staff are very helpful.

The staff members are very helpful.

 

 

*when- time

Call your sister when you get home.

When it rains, she feels down/blue.

depressed(adj)- clinical disorder, very sad for a long time

blue- low mood, a bit sad

 

She likes to listen to the Blues.

 

disease/disorder/impairment

 

Does the cloudy weather make you feel blue?

-grey, overcast , rainy

You might be a sun-worshipper.

 

*while – two things happening at the same time

You are washing the dishes while your brother is mopping the floor.

I was watching a movie while my daughter was baking ginger snaps.

She is watching TV while she is running on the treadmill.

 

YOUR CHOICE:

She is watching TV while she is running on the treadmill. COMPLEX- ADV CL

She is watching TV ; meanwhile, she is running on the treadmill. COMPOUND

 

SPECIAL MEANING OF ‘while’ - showing contrast   but   even though

Maris is very talkative while her sister is quiet.

While she likes red, she prefers blue.

While he likes Toronto, she prefers Vancouver.

While Hong Kong is very humid, Arizona is very dry.

 

*whenever- every time, any time

The dog barks whenever a stranger comes into the yard.

Whenever they meet, they have a great time together.

Whenever you need a place to stay, the door is always open.

Whenever she forgets to drink water, she gets a headache.

She worries whenever her bank account balance gets low.

 

IDIOM Our door is always open. You are always welcome here. I am always here for you.

IDIOM Break a leg! Have a good performance. music, theatre, speech, presentation

IDIOM Shake a leg! Wake up and get out of bed! Hurry up!

 

Whenever Mei feels homesick, she goes to a spa.

Joe stretches whenever his neck hurts.

 

*wherever – any place

Shira makes friends wherever she goes.

VOCAB  chatty, personable, social, affable, extroverted - good with people, likes talking with people

IDIOM She is a party animal. dancing, party, raving, having a great time

VOCAB glutton – eats like a pig, eats a lot

 

aloof(adj)- not sociable

She is very aloof.

quiet, taciturn, shy, timid, solitary, introverted, silent

 

VOCAB goofy(adj)- silly, foolish, fooling around

 

*‘if’ – maybe yes, maybe no, not sure yet

Jun will not go to the park if it rains tomorrow.

If it rains tomorrow, Jun will not go to the park.

If it is raining tomorrow, Jun will not go to the park.

 

An dependent clause needs a independent clause to be a sentence.

independent clause- mother

dependent clause- child

 

if you want

We can go downtown if you want.

Let’s end now if you don’t mind.

If I were you, I would let everyone pass to EF6.

 

STYLISTIC POINT: AVOID STARTING YOUR SENTENCES WITH LONG DEPENDENT CLAUSES: If the Bank of Canada continues to raise interest rates in an effort to curb inflation on core goods and services such as groceries, gas, and rent, consumers will be forced to continue tightening their belts.

Friendlier to the reader. They get the main idea first.

Consumers will be forced to continue tightening their belts if the Bank of Canada continues to raise interest rates in an effort to curb inflation on core goods and services such as groceries, gas, and rent.

IDIOM tighten your belt- spend less money

The prices of groceries has shot up in the past year, so we have had to tighten our belts.

 

REWRITE FOR SIMPLICITY

The prices of goods such as groceries, gas, and rent have been going up. Consumers are forced to tighten their belts. As a result, the Bank of Canada will continue to raise interest rates in an effort to curb inflation.

 

Long sentences ask a lot of the reader.

 

Please let me know if that time works for you.

Please let me know if that time is convenient for you.

Please let me know if you are available at the time.

 

 

*even if

He will not go to your party even if you ask him to come.

He will go to your party if you ask him nicely to come.

I do my homework even if I am tired.

I love my children even if they are driving me crazy.

She will go to the park even if it’s raining.

He will go to the party even if they don’t invite him. He will be an invited guest. He is going to crash the party.

IDIOM crash the party(v)- go to a party uninvited  She crashed my party. He crashed my wedding.

The Wedding Crashers- movie

 

*provided that – ‘if’ for important things

Junko can go to UBC provided that/if she gets accepted.

You can borrow my car provided that you drive carefully.

We can get some ice cream if you want.

You can become a Canadian citizen provided that you meet the criteria.

You can get your own place provided that you act responsibly.

You can go to EF6 provided that you meet the PLOS for EF5.

Children can go to school for free provided that their parents have a study permit.

if – ‘provided that’ gives it a feeling of importance

 

*unless – opposite of ‘if’

You will pass the exam if you study.

You won’t pass the exam unless you study.

Unless I am mistaken, my son bought a new bike yesterday.

 

Students on work visas:

Unless you work 20 hours per week, you can’t study in this school.

If you work 20 hours per week, you can study in this school.

If you don’t work 20 hours per week, you can’t study in this school.

 

If I give up the morning LINC English course, I can be on time to SHEC.

Unless I give up the morning LINC English course, I can’t be on time to SHEC.

 

If I give up the morning LINC English course, I can’t be on time to SHEC. XXX Logic

 

He will have the leftover chicken for lunch unless his wife ate it already.

He will go to eat in the restaurant unless he cancels the lunch meeting.

 

He can’t drive unless he has a license.

He can drive if he has a license.

 

She can’t get to school on time unless she gets up early.

 

If you are free, let’s go get some coffee.

Unless you’re busy, let’s go get some coffee.

 

He wants to go see Superman unless she has seen it already.

 

Unless there is an unpredicted snowstorm, the school will be open.

I don’t buy clothes unless I need them.

I don’t buy clothes unless they are on sale.

 

*though, even though, although- same meaning

‘though’ a bit more casual, talking

 

He did his homework even though he was tired.

Even though my son was rude to me yesterday, I was nice to him this morning.

She drives a car even though/although/though she doesn’t have a license.

Even though /although / though the test was easy, he still felt nervous.

 

Even though moving to another city is tough, changing your life will be worth it.

DIFFERENT STYLE I woke up early. I was still late for work, though. TALKING

I can barely hear you although you’re talking clearly.

Jen likes to help poor people even though she is not rich.

Even though/ Although/ Though I don’t have any money, I like to help people.

Although the movie was long, it never felt boring.

 

CASUAL SPEAKING Do you have any plans, though?

 

Even though Vancouver has crazy traffic every day during rush hour, I still like Vancouver.

VOCAB gridlock – cars not moving on the highway

traffic jam

There is an accident. Traffic is flowing even though two lanes are blocked.

VOCAB traffic- no ‘s’

Network traffic is highest at night.

 

He studied very hard although he didn’t get a good mark.

Although he studied very hard, he didn’t get a good mark.

 

*as – same as ‘because’- low frequency

Mei is a good basketball player as/because she is very tall.

As/Because I arrived late, she was angry.

Because/As it was raining, we stayed indoors.

The driver drove slowly as/because it was snowing heavily.

 

*as- time, ‘while’

Jun was cooking supper as Joe was driving home.

He was sleeping as we were cleaning.

Toddlers learn a lot of skills as they grow older.

Your English is becoming more authentic-sounding as you move through the levels.

The little girl was singing as she was drawing.

 

*as...as    as ADJ as

*ANOTHER USE OF ‘as’   as…as

as soon as    as tall as   as long as

I am as tall as you (are).

She is as smart as Einstein.

As long as the rivers flow, this land is ours.

Call me as soon as you can.

She is as beautiful as her mom and as smart as her uncle.

Please reply to my email as soon as possible.

VOCAB ASAP as soon as possible

Please reply, ASAP.

 

Mei is as tall as her mother (is).

She ran as fast as she could to catch the bus.

I studied as much as I could.

He is as clever as a fox.

clever- smart but tricky

IDIOM He is as smart as a whip.

PUN smart- intelligent, painful

whip-

She is as thin as a dime.

He is as blind as a bat.

My grandmother is as deaf as a post.

simile- comparison between two things using ‘like’ or ‘as’

She is tall as/like a giraffe.

She is as busy as a bee/beaver.

He has a face like thunder.

He is a poor as a churchmouse.

She is as happy as a clam.

The little girl is as good as gold. She is a well-behaved and polite kid.

IDIOM as good as gold – well-behaved, nice children

 

as soon as – immediately, as quickly as you can, ASAP as soon as possible

Call me as soon as you can.

Let the dog out as soon as you get home.

 

Vancouver is as warm as Beijing today.

 

Riding a bicycle is as easy as pie.

Riding a bicycle is a piece of cake.

 

Kids’ saying: easy-peasy, lemon squeezy

 

Her eyes are as bright as stars.

poetry- simile- compare ‘like’ ‘as’

Her face is as lovely as a flower.

Her voice is as soft as summer.

 

He has a face like an angel.

He has eyes like two cherries in a glass of milk.

He has hair as dry as straw.

He is as loud as an elephant.

She is as quiet as a mouse.

 

This new phone is as light as a feather.

My old phone is as heavy as lead.  lead – Pb, metal

 

 

Elements:

Carbon- C

Oxygen- O

Magnesium- Mg

 

-pretty as a picture

-cold as ice - personality

-quiet as a mouse

-strong as a horse - healthy

-easy as pie

-She is as sweet as sugar/honey/candy.

-fat as a pig

-face like a baseball glove- MINE

-hair like straw

-hair like silk

Your hair can get split ends.

-dirty as a pig

-dumb as Trump JOKE

 

-tough like a tiger   She is a tiger mom.

He is a snake. You can’t trust him.

He is as slippery as an eel. You can’t trust him.

He is as slimy as an eel.

She is smart as a whip. She is very smart.

The athlete runs as fast as the wind.  She runs like the wind.

 

wild cats/big cats- lion, tiger, puma, leopard,

zebra

 

IDIOM: A leopard cannot change its spots. People do not change.

 

She is a tough cookie. She has a very strong spirit.

She has the heart of a lioness.

Do you have the heart of a lion or the heart of a squirrel?

 

Her face is like a ?

His face turned red as a tomato. He was embarrassed.

 

*as if- seems like, but not true

She spends money as if she were rich. She doesn’t have money, but she still spends a lot of money.

I’m not Rockerfeller.

 

IDIOM He looked at me as if I had two heads.

She acts as if she is the queen. She is stuck up. Her nose is in the air.

He looks down his nose at people.

He looks down on people.

-arrogant

 

He dresses as if he’s poor, but he is actually very rich.

She jumped as if she were a rabbit/kangaroo.

 

She talks as if she knows everything.

He is a know-it-all.

Your eyes shine as if there are stars living in them.

 

*so...that

It is so cold that we stayed inside.

She was so tired that she fell asleep on the bus immediately.

I was so upset that I had to leave.

The math is so hard that she had to get a tutor.

Mei is so beautiful that men fall at her feet.

He is so handsome that she started to drool. JOKE

We were so happy that we threw a party.

I am so hungry that I could eat a horse.

The English class is so boring that my eyelids are drooping.

drool / droop/ drop

Homer Simpson drools when he sees doughnuts.

English is so important that I have to learn it.

 

*because = since

He was tired because he did the graveyard shift.

She works graveyard on the weekends.

He was tired since he did the graveyard shift.

 

*in order that

She is saving money in order that SV.

She is saving money in order that she can afford a house.

 

MORE COMMON

*in order to – for a purpose, for a reason

in order to + VERB

She is saving money in order that she can to afford a house.

 

She is saving money in order to travel to China next year.

He is learning better English in order to immigrate to the US.

They are dieting in order to get healthy/get into shape/lose weight/keep fit.

My son is putting on his shoes in order to play outside.

I always wear a hat in order to protect my skin from the sun.

My wife always wear sunscreen in order to prevent melasma.

He works overtime in order to pay for his kids’ college.

 

*so that

She is saving money so that she can afford a house.

Maris is doing English 12 so that she can apply for postsec.

 

 

**Learning these will expand your ability to express your thoughts more clearly and precisely in English.

 

time-                     after, before, since, ever since, until, when, while, whenever

place-                   wherever

condition -          if, even if, provided that, unless

manner-               as, as if, though, although, even though, so ... that

cause-                   because, since

purpose-              in order that, in order to, so that

 

Start learning them. Practice them in writing and speaking.

We can practice in class.

Practice with the “Exercises” and/or write some sentences with adverb clauses on your own.

 

Return Test 2

Optional RW for a bonus point.

 

If young kids have cell phones. They will not pay attention in school. fragment XXX
FIX

If young kids have cell phones, they will not pay attention in school.

 

She goes to the beach. Because she likes to swim. XXX frag

FIX

She goes to the beach because she likes to swim.

 

 

 

Adverb clauses are not sentences by themselves.

e.g. When it is sunny. XXX frag

FIX

When it is sunny, she wears sunscreen.

 

 

 

**FINISH “Multiple Choice Synonyms 1”

11.verify(v) verification(n)

12.intricate(adj)

13.concise(adj) brief, short

14.endure(v) go through something difficult

endurance(n)

15.comprehensive(adj) comprehend(v)

16.emphasize(v) emphasis(n) stress(v)

stress(n)worried(adj)-negative emotion, worry

 

fought / thought

fink / think

 

17.investigate(v)

 

18.mediate(v) mediator(n)

medium-

resolve(v) resolution(n)

We found a resolution to our disagreement.

 

 

 

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