Good morning, everyone.
We will get started at 8:30
We will be on Zoom for this week. Hopefully
we will be back next week.
When we do the classes on Zoom, we usually go
about an hour. Then I will give you homework.
** Please change your Zoom name to your real
name so that I know who you are.
Registration began yesterday. I gave out
interim recs yesterday.
For Third Quarter (February-April) term, I
will be teaching the same classes as this quarter.
Period 1 English
Foundations 5/6, Writing 567
Period 2 English
Foundations 3/4, Composition 34
If you would like to stay with me, choose
Period 1 EF 5/6. If you want to try some other teacher, there are other EF 5/6
courses to choose from. Check the schedule.
Today’s agenda
·
Review Midterm recommendations
·
Adjective clauses
Adjective clauses
REVIEW Sentence types:
* SIMPLE- one main clause
SV SSV
SVV SSVV Imperative
Interrogative
* COMPOUND – two main clauses joined together
1. , FANBOYS , SOBA
2. ; semicolon
3. ; TRANS,
* COMPLEX – one main clause + one subordinate clause
1. adverb
clauses- because when if
since so that so...that, etc
2. noun clause- verbs- feel think say know
believe / pronouns?- that
why how
3. adjective
clauses
Adjective clauses – final type of clause to learn
adjective clauses – more in-depth, more detailed
keep it as simple as posible to start- start basic and then
go deeper
adjectives – describes a noun
the red hat adjective
the nice red hat adjective
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES:
opinion, size, age, shape, colour, material, origin, purpose
NOUN
The beautiful small new round lime-green Martian flying
machine is right there. TOO MANY ADJECTIVES – PICK 2-3
opinion, size, age, shape, colour, material, origin, purpose
NOUN
My grandmother broke her gorgeous sky-blue English
teapot.
Shari loves to listen to ancient Persian music.
The dog plays with a big round plastic chew toy.
Yuko collects old Japanese tea sets.
individual adjectives – good for simple ideas
more complicated, in-depth description – use adjective
clause
Three most common pronouns for adjective clauses: who that
which
Other less commonly used pronouns for adjective clauses:
whom, where, whose
whom – rarely used, very fancy sounding, like a grammar book
Native English speakers rarely use ‘whom’. We say ‘who’.
MY ADVICE: Forget about ‘whom’. It is not important.
One exception about ‘whom’. writing to someone, don’t know
who will be receiving the letter
GREETING: To whom it may concern,
Not an everyday occurence. Pretty rare.
FOCUS ON HIGH FREQUENCY USAGE: who that which – 95% of the
time
who – used for people, any people, sounds nice, sounds
polite and respectful
that- things that are not alive, animals, people ( sounds a
little disrespectful, you don’t that person)
SUBTLETY IN ENGLISH, signal your opinion of a person:
The guy that my sister married is unusual. adjective
clause
The man who my other sister married is awesome. adjective
clause
Who is that? Not an adjective clause, sounds polite
Who is that woman you were talking to?
That is a beautiful baby!
Is that your son? -sounds ok
which- special things (to you), unique things
who- people
My neighbour who is very elderly does not like
my son to play in the backyard.
who is very
elderly adj cl SV
elderly(adj) – elder, senior, aged (Biblical), older, old
(doesn’t sound polite), senior citizen
My dad is getting older. He is older now. He is 79.
impolite- one foot in the grave, on his last legs, knocking
on Heaven’s door, long in the tooth, ready to give up the ghost
That old dog is long in the tooth. very old
long in the tooth (idiom)- horses teeth grow their whole
life, also mice, also beavers
Sometimes people who are very elderly start to worry about
going to heaven. They start going to church and praying and reading Holy books.
“They are cramming for the final.”
‘cramming for the final’ - studying all night before a big
test
cram- study hard in a short period of time
‘cram schools’ – Japan, school that promote intense studying
for a exam
Jun’s sister who lives
in Spain is a nurse.
COMMON ERROR:
Jun’s sister who lives
in Spain. sentence fragment, not a
complete sentence, half a sentence
*In a sentence with an adjective clause, you have to say two
things.
Jun’s sister who lives in Spain is a nurse. 1 2
The phone that she bought was not expensive.
1 2
that – animals, things, people we don’t like, don’t respect
Marta has a dog who that has cute floppy ears.
‘who’ sounds strange for animals
Shirin got a new phone that has a seven-inch screen.
I met the guy that Joanne is seeing now. -don’t like
him
The guy that my sister married is a bit of a clown.
The guy that my sister married is a clown.
a bit of a – a little bit
My friend is a bit of a drama queen.
drama queen- big emotions all the time, like an actor,
dramatic, big show, like a soap opera
The guy that my sister married is coming over for a
visit. -secret message- don’t like him much-
The guy who my sister married is coming over for a
visit. – secret message- like him-
The guy who my sister married is really good fellow.
SOURCE OF CONFUSION ‘that’ is used in noun clauses and
adjective clauses, also a pronon
multi-use word, confusing
That sandwich was delicious.
The sandwich that she made was very tasty.
I think that that sandwich was scrumptious. noun clause,
pronoun
She thinks that that sandwich that you made
was so good that she wants to have another one. confusing, not good
writing
which – special things, unique things
special things- you decide if it is special to you
I have a silver ring which my son gave me. a special
thing to me
She is wearing the jade necklace which her grandmother
gave to her.
She is wearing the jade necklace that her grandmother
gave to her. (sounds like a regular necklace, not special)
Clara put the picture which her son painted for her
up on the fridge.
unique things-
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a huge
city. unique
Marta visited the Eiffel Tower, which is in Paris.
Marta visited the Eiffel Tower that is in Paris. XXX
A brief introduction to adjective clauses: who that which
We will go deeper tomorrow.
Try some of your own sentence of your own for homework. We
can share them together. Send me some of your examples by email.
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