8:30 7/10 Parallel structures

parallelism - parallel - 
grammar - same type of word - adj, n, v, adv
a series of words in a sentence should be parallel

She likes to sing (v) and dancing. XXX
She likes to sing (v) and dance. parallel
She likes singing (gerund) and dancing. parallel

Sarah is funny (adj), charming, and full of wit.

full of wit - not parallel, use our vocab and word forms
witty (adj)

Ex 82
1. Never order chicken or have ribs to eat on a first date. AWK
Never have chicken or ribs (to eat) on a first date.
COMPACT, CONCISE, DENSE, WELL-PLANNED SENTENCE- conveys most possible meaning in fewest words

2. Hung either overslept, or he missed his bus.
Hung either overslept or missed his bus. SIMPLIFY

3. All of the children in the play are good singers and can act well. not parallel
good singers - adj noun
can act well - vb adv

Proofreading for uni students - parallel

All of the children in the play are good singers and actors.
All of the children in the play can sing and act well.

Fundamental, foundational, essential skills

Music - Fundamental, foundational, essential skills - not flashy, not fancy - scales, metronome

4. Sylvie likes to eat either an English muffin or a doughnut for breakfast. LONGER, MORE FORMAL
either... or FORMAL SOUNDING, SAVE FOR SOMETHING MEANINGFUL

5. This article is well-researched, well-written, and timely written.
timely - relevant to the time we are in
well-timed ? same meaning? XXX

This article is well-researched, written, and timely. XXX
This timely article is well-researched and well-written.
This article is timely, well-researched and well-written.

9. Li is not only going to Niagara Falls but also is going to marry Fred.
Not only is Li going to Niagara Falls, but also she is going to marry Fred.

not only...but also FORMAL, LOW FREQUENCY

AUTHENTIC SOUNDING

Li is going to Niagara Falls to marry Fred.

Li is going to marry Fred at Niagara Falls.

Li and Fred are going to get married at Niagara Falls.
QUIZ
SIMPLE
1. dog
COMPOUND
2. fish ;
3. squirrel ,but
COMPLEX
4. horse adj cl
5. cow noun cl
6. pig adv cl


Ex.83
1. Ioanna is charming, but Ly is alarming.
alarming- startling
startling - physically surprising
All healthy babies have a startle response/reflex.

7. The midnight swim was daring, exciting, and refreshing. adj

FORMAL - not high-frequency
neither ...nor
either...or

VERY FORMAL
Dave speaks neither German nor Portuguese.
AUTHENTIC ENGLISH
Dave doesn't speak German or Portuguese.
Dave neither speaks German nor Portuguese. XXX
Dave neither speaks German nor reads Portuguese.

Ex.84
1. Morley likes photographing wildlife and looking at his pictures afterwards.
 Morley likes to photograph wildlife and (to) look at his pictures afterward.
4. Eating either the sardines or drinking the sauerkraut juice upset Wendell's stomach. XXX not parallel
Either eating the sardines or drinking the sauerkraut juice upset Wendell's stomach. parallel
Eating either the sardines or the broccoli upset Wendell's stomach.
5. Paul knows that a kind word can be comforting and healing. adj
Paul knows that a kind word can bring comfort and can heal. Do you like this style?
6. Should we order a pizza, or should we try making one?
Should we order a pizza or try making one?
8. Try pushing and not pulling.





Ex.83
4. Zhen neither likes custard nor tapioca. XXX
Zhen likes neither custard nor tapioca. 
10. Asha likes cooking and trying new meals.
Asha like to cook and (to) try new meals.


SIMP, COMP,COMPLEX EX from last class
Ex38
9. As you know, not all scales measure in the same way.
"as you know" - adv cl

"You don't need me to tell you that ..."

S V gerund, gerund, and gerund.
S V ing verb, ing verb, and ing verb.
S V noun, noun, and noun.
S V adj, adj, and adj.

GROUP DISCUSSION TOPIC:
Would you rather be deaf or blind?

HOMEWORK
Animal Farm chapters 4&5, read and notes