11:00 7/10 Parallel structures

parallelism - parallel structures
trigonometry - two lines that do not cross

grammar parallel - vocabulary forms in a series
noun, noun, noun
adj adj adj
Today is wet, cold, and has clouds. XXX
Not parallel
wet, cold, (adj)
and has clouds (vb noun)
Today is wet, cold, and cloudy.

same type/form of vocab in a series

Sarah likes skiing, skating, and to sled.
skiing skating - gerund (n)
to sled (v)
Sarah likes skiing, skating, and sledding.
parallel

Check parallelism when you are proofreading

full of wit (adj prep noun)
witty (adj)

have to know forms of vocabulary - noun, adj, v, adv

happy(adj), happiness(n), happily(adv) (v)?

Ok! Let's happy!! Let's fun!! XXX

Ex.82
1. Never order chicken or have ribs to eat on a first date. not parallel
order chicken v n
have ribs to eat v n v
Never order chicken or have ribs to eat on a first date. Never order chicken or ribs on a first date. 
Concise, compact, shorter, dense- has maximum information in fewest words
Never have chicken or ribs to eat on a first date.
2. Hung either overslept, or he missed his bus.XXX
Hung either overslept or missed his bus.
Either Hung overslept, or he missed his bus.
Either SV, or SV.
S either V or V.

FORMAL, NOT HIGH FREQUENCY
either... or   neither... nor   not only...but also

VERY LOW FREQ
neither... nor
Joe speaks neither Arabic nor Tagalog. LOW FREQ
Joe doesn't speak Arabic or Tagalog. HIGH FREQ

3. All of the children in the play are good singers and can act well. NOT PARALLEL
good singers - adj noun
can act well - verb adv
All of the children in the play are good singers and (good) actors.
All of the children in the play can sing and act well.

actor/actress - actor
waiter/waitress - server
steward/stewardess - flight attendant
prince/princess
postman/postmistress (old fashioned) - letter carrier
host/hostess - 
manhole cover - personhole cover?
businessman/businesswoman - entrepreneur
5. This article is well-researched, well-written, and timely.
timely - relevant to the current time
This timely article is well-researched and well-written.
6. Neither smoking in the cafeteria nor eating in the classroom is allowed.

Ex.83
4. Zhen neither likes custard nor tapioca. XXX
neither likes (v) nor (n)
Zhen neither likes custard nor likes tapioca.
Zhen likes neither custard nor tapioca.
10. Asha likes cooking and trying new meals.
Asha likes to cook and (to) try new meals.

Ex.84
1. Morley likes photographing wildlife and looking at his pictures afterwards.
gerunds "ing" nouns
Morley likes to photograph wildlife and (to) look at his pictures afterwards.
afterwards = afterward
2. The sandwich in your locker is green, mouldy, and smelly.
3. Paulette went to Halifax, Nova Scotia where she she visited the Bluenose II.
4. Eating either the sardines or drinking the sauerkraut juice upset Wendell's stomach. XXX
Either eating the sardines or drinking the sauerkraut juice upset Wendell's stomach.
5. Paul knows that a kind word can be comforting and healing.
comforting - adj
healing- adj 

You made my day. personal
Thank you. That made my day. everyone

7. The night was beautiful, exciting, and romantic.
The night was beautiful, exciting and romantic.

BOTH WAYS ARE OK - style
a, b, and c. The Oxford comma - a little old-fashioned
a, b and c.

8. Try pushing and not pulling.
Try pushing, not pulling.

SPECIAL WORDS
singular of plural
All
Some
Most
1/3
25%
A lot 


All of the class is happy.
All of the students are happy.

Some of the books are mine.

Some of the money is yours.

Most of the pizza has been eaten.

Most of the pizzas have been eaten.

some = less than half
most = more than half

1/2 - one half, 1/3 - one third, 1/4 - one fourth one quarter, 2/3- two thirds, 3/4 - three quarters three fourths, 5/8 - five eighths

One half of the school is for elementary students.
One half of the teachers are for the elementary students.
Half of the time was for practice.
Half of the donuts were chocolate.

percentage
30% of the flowers are lilies.
100% of the water in Iceland is potable.
potable - safe to drink



alot a lot
A lot of her friends live in Hong Kong.
A lot of the math work is challenging. 

Lots of her friends live in Hong Kong.
Lots of the math work is challenging. XXX
lots = plural


All
Some
Most
%
fraction
a lot