Tuesday, 30 April 2019

EF3/4 Quick overview to the Main Points of Grammar


Main Points of Grammar

simple sentences
subject + verb
It is a sunny day today. 

compound sentences
subject + verb  subject + verb
It is a sunny day today, but it is chilly.
,but ,and ,so ,or
; semicolons
It is a sunny day today; however, it is chilly. 

complex sentences
because, if
Maria is happy because her son is visiting.
I live in a city which is very beautiful.

main and subordinate clauses

COMPLEX SENTENCES
adverb clauses
adjective clauses
noun clauses

verbs followed by infinitives and gerunds
I like to play music. infinitive "to go" "to eat"
I like playing music. gerund "going" "eating"
hate, love, prefer, begin, continue
She will continue to do yoga.
She will continue doing yoga.

subject verb agreement
Maria are is a doctor.
The kitten is/looks cute.
The kittens are/look cute.

phrasal verbs
verb + preposition
look at
look for
look after

prepositional phrases
in the city
on the table
beside the chair
behind the house

modal auxiliaries
can may might should would will
Joan can speak English a little bit.

sentence combining

verb tenses
past, present, future
Frank worked in an office.
Frank works in an office.
Frank will work in an office.

nouns as modifiers
usually adjectives are modifiers for nouns
describes a noun
This is a delicious sandwich.
nouns can also modify nouns
This is a delicious chicken sandwich. noun
noun noun - chicken sandwich
a blue pen - adjective
a plastic pen - noun
This is an English class. noun
This is an easy class. adjective
This is a two hours class. noun XXX
This is a two-hour class.
He is a six years old boy. XXX
He is a six-year-old boy. - hyphen

causative verbs
help, ask, let
Maria helped Joan to learn English.
I will help you to wash your car.
I ask you to close the door.
I asked my son to clean his room.
Maria lets her cat sleep on her bed.
Maria allows her cat to sleep on her bed.
I don't let my dog sleep on my bed.

paragraph writing process

passive and active voice
voice -
Sarah ate the sandwich. active voice
subject did the verb
The sandwich was eaten by Sarah. passive voice
subject does nothing

sentence fragments
not a complete sentence
When it is sunny. fragment
When it is sunny, I go on a picnic.
I go on a picnic when it is sunny.

run-on sentences
It is sunny it is warm. XXX
It is sunny, and it is warm.
It is sunny. It is warm.
It is sunny and warm.

adjective form
basic      comparative      superlative
warm      warmer             warmest
quiet       quieter              quietest   
beautiful more beautiful   most beautiful

Trump is a racist and a sexist.


appositives
My sister, Kathy, is a nurse. appositive
Kathy, my sister, is a nurse.
Our school, South Hill, is on Fraser Street.
Egypt, my home country, is famous for the Pyramids of Giza.


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