Comm 11/12 Essays

essays Prov exam- 250w

essay (fr) - to try

attempt to write something complete-
-descriptive (appeals to the five senses)
-narration (tell a story with a purpose)
-process (explain how to do something)
-expository (explains how something works)
-persuasive (give an argument)
-compare/contrast (shows similarity and/or difference)


Evergreen Ch14 "The Process of Writing an Essay"

basic academic essay, standard model
5-paragraph essay- "go-to", always useful
3X5 essay

beginner essay- basic style of essay
IKEA essay- part a, part b, part c

student essay in prov essay 3X5 4/6

not unique, not special, nothing special, ok, good but not great

If you're stuck, the 3X5 will work.



STRUCTURE TO AN ESSAY

A) INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH
GRABBER (optional) 6 or 7 ways

THESIS STATEMENT- topic, controlling idea

PREDICTOR- previews the ideas (very briefly)


B) BODY
1.Topic sentence
- support
- evidence
- "quoted material"
Conc sent |(optional)

2.Topic sentence
- support
- evidence
- "quoted material"
Conc sent |(optional)

3.Topic sentence
- support
- evidence
- "quoted material"
Conc sent |(optional)

C) CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH
all about restatement
say the same things with different words, in different ways

Restate the THESIS STATEMENT, POINTS

End with a CLINCHER

EF4/5

hangover - feel lousy the next day after drinking too much alcohol

"My sister had a hangover after the office Xmas party. She had six glasses of wine and woke up in the front yard."

boot up a computer
shut down a computer

reboot a computer = restart

The airplane lifted off as 7PM.

You will pay for our lunch.
I will pay for our lunch. It's my treat. It's on me.
I insist.

Let's split it. Separate bills.

Comm 11/12 Snow tires

Summer tires have no traction in snow.

all-season tires OK, but not great in snow.

winter tires- mountains

EF4/5 Correction codes

v - verb
vt -verb tense
vf - verb form
sp - spelling
punc - punctuation
ww - wrong word
wf - word form
agr - subject verb agreement
art - article - a an the

EF4/5 Phrasal verbs

PHRASAL VERBS
200  http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/phrasal-verbs-list.htm


1000
https://www.englishclub.com/ref/Phrasal_Verbs/


A few hundred
http://www.learn-english-today.com/phrasal-verbs/phrasal-verb-list.htm



phrasal verb - natural-sounding English, authentic English, real English

phrasal verb = verb + preposition

look at
talk to
put down
pick up

hand to
hand in
hand out

knock down
knock up
knock off
knock on

talk to
talk with
talk about something
talk about someone - talk behind your back, gossip
talk/speak for someone else - representing a person
talk over someone - interrupts someone
talk under someone - whispering, talking quietly while someone else is talking


dates are romantic,

play-dates for kids

Teenagers like hanging out with friends.

hang out - youthful term

Let's go grab a coffee/ beer/ some lunch/ a movie.

play hookey - cut class, skip class

EF4/5 Prepostions and phrasal verbs

Prepositions are used idiomatically.

idioms - expressions that do not translate well

look at
look for
look after
look up
look up to
"I look up to my father." respect, admire
look down
look down on - feel contempt for, feel better than

phrasal verb - #1 most important things to learn if you want to use English well, in my opinion

verb + preposition

Spanish names, words j = h

Jose = "Hosay"
Juanita = 

y/j always confused by Spanish speakers


It is filled with candy.
It is full of candy.
It was filled by me.

Phrasal verbs
agree with
approve of

Comm11/12 Example request letter

1432 MacGregor Street

Princeton, BC

V3Y 2A6

December 18, 2017

Cecil Henry, Manager

Handy Dandy Deli

879 Forest Place

Princeton, BC

V3Y F9X

Dear Mr. Henry:

I am a Grade 11 student in the Leadership class at Caledonia Secondary School here in Princeton. I am helping our school to organize this year’s Terry Fox Run. As you know, the Terry Fox Run raises awareness and money for cancer research all across Canada.

Over the past three years, you have generously donated juice boxes, bottled water and donuts for the runners who volunteer to run between 5 and 10 kilometres.

This year, we will be holding the run on September 14th. We really hope that you can donate again to support our cause.

Thank you for considering this. Donations like yours make the run possible. We can pick up the donated items if that is convenient for you.

If you have any questions, please contact me at (604) 555 5555.

Sincerely yours,

April Goulet

cc

EF4/5 Sentence Combining

1. We were riding bicycles.
We rode on the Seawall.

We were riding bicycles. KERNEL - CENTRE SENTENCE

We rode on the Seawall. FIND NEW INFORMATION. AVOID REPETITION

We were riding bicycles on the Seawall. SIMPLE
We were riding bicycles, and we rode on the Seawall. COMPOUND, REP

We were riding bicycles; in fact, we rode on the Seawall.

COMPLEX?

2. Our red and white bicycles were rented.

We rented red and white bicycles.

We were renting bicycles which were red and white.

Our bicycles which we rented were red and white.

Our bicycles that were red and white were rented.

3. We wore helmets that were required for safety.

We wore helmets because that were required for safety.

We wore safety helmets which were required.

We wore required safety helmets.

We were required to wear helmets for safety.

For safety, we were required to wear helmets.

5. The safety helmets were an ugly colour.

The helmets were for safety, but they were an ugly colour.

The helmets that were an ugly colour were for safety.

Even though the helmets were an ugly colour, they were for safety.

6. The Seawall was busy and crowded.

The Seawall was busy because it was crowded.

The Seawall was very busy because it was so crowded.

The busy Seawall was crowded.

7. People were walking and rollerblading.

8. We rode slowly, and I rode in the middle.

We rode slowly with me riding in the middle.

9.My brother rode in front, and our friend rode behind.

My brother rode in front; in addition, our friend rode behind.

10. We rode for an hour without stopping, so I was out of breath; also, my legs were sore.

I was out of breath and my legs were sore because we rode for an hour without stopping.

We rode for an hour without stopping; therefore, I was out of breath; also, my legs were sore. AVOID, STYLE

dgdgdgdgd; hshdhshshs; sjsjsjsjsjs.

Comm11/12 Provincial exam poster examples

https://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/exams/exemplars/comm/question_scoringguide_vd.pdf

https://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/exams/exemplars/comm/com12-vd.pdf

EF4/5 Adjective clauses

who - people
that - people and things
which - things, special things

The woman bought a phone who is happy.XXX

The woman who is happy bought a new phone.

The woman who is happy. HALF SENTENCE

The woman who is happy V.....

The woman who is happy is smiling.

6. pilot which

The pilot which flies the plane is busy. XXX

The pilot works for West Jet which is an airline in Canada.

The pilot flies a plane which has two engines.

10. succeed that

Maria will succeed at the job that she got.

succeed V succeeded

success N

successful ADJ

We need practice. The secret to success is practice.

My daughter is excited that she will have winter break. NOT AN ADJ CL

My daughter is excited that /because she will have winter break. ADV CL

My daughter who will have winter break is excited. ADJ CL

exciting ADJ- thing

The movie was exciting.

excited ADJ- emotion, feeling

You were excited.

EF4/5 here and there

Here is a book.

There is a tree.

Here are your books.

There are some trees.

here / there singular or plural
not subjects, they point to the subject

Here is your sister.
Here comes your sister.
There goes your sister.

Here are your sisters.
Here come your sisters.
There go your sisters.

subject verb agreement


There is a new table, a new lamp, and a new chair in the living room.

There are two new tables, a new lamp, and a new chair in the living room.

There is a new table, two new lamps, and a hundred million new chairs in the living room.

another (singular)

other (plural)

Here is another cookie.

Here are some other cookies.

Here are some others.

We have six other students waiting.

We have six others waiting.

We had six students waiting last month.


There is a time and a place...
time and place...

is are - present
is - singular
are - plural

was were - past
was - singular
were - plural

Is there another teacher for Level 1?
Are there other teachers for Level 1?
We have 20 students for Level 2. Are there others for Level 1?

I ate a lot of food last night.
We tried a lot of different kinds of food at the buffet.

a lot of 
lots of

alot      a lot

There are a lot of different kinds of food at the buffet.

There are lots of different kinds of food at the buffet.

Comm 11/12 Link to provincial exam answer key

https://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/exams/search/grade12/english/release/key/1008com_pk.pdf

EF4/5 in the hope of

in the hope of

I applied to UBC in the hope of getting in.

She went to LA in the hope of becoming a movie star.

EF4/5 adjective clauses

who - people
that - people or things
which - things, special things

His bicycle, which is red, was very expensive.
Sasha Wilkinson who is my neighbour makes a lot of noise at night.
The little boy patted a dog that came up to him.

I know who she is. noun clause


who
that
which

whom
whose

Comm 11/12 Causative verbs

Causative Verbs

Causative verbsmake other verbs act.  They force actions to occur.

Both of the previous sentences contained causative verbs.

“Causative verbsmakeother verbs act.  They force actions to occur.”

The most frequently used causative verbs are as follows:

help, allow, invite, require, motivate, get, convince, hire, assist, encourage, permit, employ, force, compel, tell, ask.

These verbs are followed by a noun or pronoun followed by an infinitive.

“She allows her pet cockatiel to perch on the windowsill. “Wehired a carpenter to build a new patio on our house."
“I help my friend to fix his computer.”

Fourother causative verbs do not follow this pattern.  The causative verbs help, have, make and letare followed by a noun/pronoun and the base form of the verb (which is actually an infinitive with the "to" left off).

parallelism

Helen Keller was blind, deaf, but loved learning. nor parallel

blind adj

deaf adj

loved verb

Helen Keller was blind, deaf, but interested in learning. BETTER

Helen Keller was blind and deaf; however, she loved learning.

The teacher let encouraged Helen to touch the water. CAUSATIVE VERB

help, allow, invite, require, motivate, get, convince, hire, assist, encourage, permit, employ, force, compel, tell, ask.

SUBJECT + CV + PERSON + V infinitive

She asked him to go to the party.

He helped his brother to move.

She told her son to come home after school.

SPECIAL EXCEPTIONS

help, have, make and let

She let him to go to the party. She let him go to the party.

help can be done either way

She helps him to make supper.

She helps him make supper.

have

She had him play the piano. 

make

I made my son eat his vegetables.

I forced my son to eat his veggies. VERY INTENSE

Ask us, Don’t force us.

The city forced the old man to mow his lawn.

let – allow

He let his daughter go to the dance.

The kid let his little sister play with his Lego.

He allowed his daughter to go to the dance.

The kid allowed his little sister to play with his Lego.

one-word modals
can
could
should
may
would
might
must
will

shall - not common word

two-word modals
have to
had better
ought to
used to

three-word modals
have got to
be able to
be supposed to


SUBJECT + MODAL + VERB

She might get a new job.
He has to get a new job.
The little kid can't get a new job.
The old man isn't able to get a new job.

DICTATION
1. walk
You should walk about 20 minutes per day in order to stay fit.

2. work
I can't work tomorrow because I have a doctor's appointment.

3. go
She can't go to the party, but he can.

4. post
Maria posted a message to Facebook and she got fifty Likes.

5. study
Joe has to study for his chemistry test if he wants to get a good score.

6. show
Cirque de Soleil is a great show; however, tickets can be very expensive.
He might show us his science project if he has time.

7. play / place
Jessica can play (the) flute very well, so she sells a lot of CDs.
The little girl could play the harp very well even though it looked too big for her to be able to hold it up. HIGHER LEVEL SENTENCE

8. watch
You ought to watch Discovery Channel if you like to learn new things.
You can watch the ducks swim in the pond in QE Park if you want to relax.

9. manage
The young man can't manage the six children, so he has to get help from his sister.
The supervisor is able to manage two restaurants, but she has to work long hours.

10. read
You have got to read the instructions when you buy a new butane torch.


flashlight
barbecue lighter
matches
sparklers

EF4/5 Modals

modals

models - supermodels

modals -verb, modal auxiliaries

auxiliary = extra

AUX
One-word modals

can
could
may
might
must
should
will
would

shall

SUBJECT + MODAL + infinitive -"to"

Marie + might + to go + to the party.
Marie might go to the party.

The verb doesn't change.
I / You/ We / Your friend / Ten students might go to the party.

NO SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT FOR MODALS- I go, He goes


Josephine + will + to call + the doctor next week.
Josephine will call the doctor next week.


INFINITIVE VERB
to go
to eat
to sleep
to read

Joe can read English. Maria can't read English.

Maria can not read English.

PRONUNCIATION
Maria can read English.
Maria can't read English. STRESS- say it louder, stronger

I love Xmas.
I don't like Xmas. STRESS

He has a monotone voice. He has a very flat voice.
She mutters. She does not project her voice.

mono = 1
tone= musical note

hard of hearing = slightly deaf
hearing loss

Some people have trouble following a conversation in a noisy room.
He can't hear as well as he used to.

Your ears pop.

damages high end 

tinnitus = high frequency squeal in your ears

German - Gesundheit!



Two-word modals

had better = should
"You had better study for the test."
"I had better study for the test."
"Your sister had better study for the test."
have to = must
"You have to to feed the dog."
ought to = should
"We ought to to go to Van Dusen Gardens."

used to = did it in the past
"She used to live in Burnaby."





Three-word modals

be able to = can
"She is able to play piano."
be supposed to = should
"The little boy is supposed to feed the dog."
have got to = must must must, very strongly 'have to'
"You have got to lock the door when you leave the house."
"You have got to take your heart medicine every day."



We want to go see the lights at Van Dusen.
I want to visit my grandmother.
I want to go visit my grandmother.

Let's have some lunch.
Let's go have some lunch. AUTHENTIC
Let's go and have some lunch.

Exercises: Choose appropriate modals for each:

1. I didn’t feel very well yesterday. I couldn't eat anything.

2. You must/should/had better look at me when I am talking to you.

3. I was using my pencil a minute ago. It must/has to be here somewhere!

must= we really believe it

You worked the graveyard shift. You must be exhausted.
graveyard shift - midnight to 8am
day shift / night shift / graveyard shift

4. You really can't / shouldn't be late again.

You will be really late.


5. If you don’t start working harder, you will / will have to repeat the course next year.

will have to

6. Phone her now. She should /must / is supposed to /might be home by now.

7. You shouldn't forget your sunscreen. It’s going to be very hot!

8. I might / may / should be able to help you, but I’m not sure yet.

9. Mozart could play the piano beautifully as a child. He composed music. He was a great composer.

I can now
I could yesterday

will / would
I will buy a new phone.
I would buy a new phone, but I don't have any money.
would - imagining- subjunctive mood

If she had a chance, she would be a doctor.


10. I really should / must/ have got / have got to try to get fit.

I really used to try to get fit.


11. May / Can  / Should I take a photograph of you?

12. Students can / are able to borrow up to 15 books at any time.

13. Whose bag is this?  I don’t know, but it may / might / could belong to Yuta.

14. Can / May / Could I go to the bathroom, please?

15. His excuse might / may be true, but I don’t believe it.

16. Can you speak French? Only a few words, but my Russian is pretty good.

Could you translate this French for me?


17. Could / Can you help me move this table?

18. I could help you, but I don’t want to.

19. Could / Can / Will you open the window, please.

standard operating procedure


20. I couldn't move the table. It was too heavy.

21. You shouldn't eat so much chocolate. It’s not good for you.


22. I’m afraid I can't / won't be able to play tennis tomorrow. I’ve got a dentist appointment.

Comm 11/12 Short writing- short answer

paragraph form -a couple of paragraphs, a few

break up your writing into paragraphs

indent

INDENT at the beginning of each paragraph
double-space
pen, not pencil (black gets higher marks)

Begin with a topic sentence- begins the paragraph, start strong so the reader has confidence in you
topic sentecne - refer specifically to the topic
topic is the question, gives the controlling idea, use a predictor


"Was the Man in Motion tour a success? Why or why not?"

Yes, it was.

VERY SIMPLE BUT EFFECTIVE TOPIC SENTENCE
The Man in Motion tour was a success because of three reasons.

Don't use this as a template every time.

Look at your first sentence. Did you give topic, controlling idea, predictor (optional)

"In my opinion...." CUT CUT CUT
In academic writing, avoid first person, "I".

Get right to the topic.

point
point
point
point
point
point
point
Topic sentence

Academic writing
(culturally based)
Topic sentence
point
point
point
point


foundation of academic writing in the NA is argument
"ARGUMENT"

Topic sentence
-point
-point
-point
-point
Concluding sentence (optional)- restatement of the Topic sentence  REPEAT
say the same thing but in different words
challenging - vocab, synonyms, thesaurus


Begin with a little intro sentence- bio, history, quotation, 

Possible approaches to finding a Grabber:

          General to specific statement

          Fact or statistic

          Anecdote- short personal story

          Historical

          Question?

          Adage, idiom, expression

          Famous quotation from famous person

Grabber
Topic sentence
-point
-point
-point
-point
Concluding sentence



Sentences- 
Sentences have to be SIMPLE, COMPOUND, or COMPLEX. If not, it's not English.

Translating from mother tongue.

"You think in Farsi."
You must write in English- SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX

One of the best to improve and expand your sentence writing is sentence combining.

EF4/5 Picture Differences AB

1. moustache

beard
goatee
pencil moustache
five-o'clock shadow
stubble
handlebar moustache
mutton chops

2. curly hair, balding, white

silver, grey

straight hair, balding, black

blue rinse

sport coat, blazer, suit jacket must match the pants
vest

stickers

suitcase, not a briefcase

striped pants
checked pants

grid is for paper

plaid, rhymes with sad

umbrella

necktie, bowtie

crevat

the necktie is polka dot tie.

dalmation dog

EF4/5 Subject Verb Agreement 2

Exercise 7
1. Isabella's hair is shiny and black.
Isabella's hair is very short now. It is in a bob.
Isabella has bangs.
Isabella's hair has tight curls.
Isabella has an afro.

Isabella has a perm.

Isabella's hair is dyed pink.

Isabella is bald.

Fred is bald.
Fred is balding. He has thin hair.

Matin has a crew cut.

2. A lot of students hate/love school.
A lot of students is/are late today.


Can be singular or plural. Depends on the noun:
A lot of the paper is wet.
A lot of the papers are wet.
A lot of the books are wet.
Some of you are coming to the party.
Some of your hair is blue.

Some of the pizza is leftover.
Some of the pizzas are leftover.

Most of the people are happy to be here.
Most of the movie was boring.

All of the water is warm
All of the bottles are leaking.

20% of the people are absent today.
20% of your mark comes from in-class spoken work.

fraction
1/2 one half
3/4 three fourths, three quarters
5/8 five eighths
1/4 one fourth, one quarter
1/8 one eighth

1/2 a cup
1/4 of a litre
1/8 of a pint
1/2 a tsp teaspoon, tbsp tablespoon

5. $200 is a lot of money.

$200 = one amount

two hundred dollars = does not mean 200 separate dollars

loony = the bird is a loon
twony
It is a two-dollar coin.

loony = slang for crazy

25c quarter
10c dime
5c nickel
1c penny

$5 five bucks, old west slang, cowboy


loony = luna, la lun, the moon, lunar

full moon is a symbol of evil, something to be afraid of- vampire, werewolf

sun - masculine, male Apollo- sun god

very sexist

EF4/5 Paragraph on e-cigarattes

Smoking is popular between among teenagers.
People who do not smoke are called non-smokers.

Someone who smokes is called a smoker.

I don't think that smoking is a good idea.

NOUN CLAUSE
I don't think that using cigarettes is good for your health.

noun clauses- talk about next class

Every sentence has to be SIMPLE, COMPOUND, or COMPLEX.

singular and plural
Cigarettes are bad for our body bodies.
This These cigarettes are bad for our health.

Smoking is a bad habit.
I have many bad habits.

Cigarettes are very addiction addictive.

She has an addiction to internet.

She wants to stop smoking.
He stopped smoking.
She started working in the office last month.

Comm 11/12 Sentence combining Bungee Jumping

coincidence

1.The moment of truth arrived.
Max had felt raw panic.

panic attack - freak out

When the moment of truth arrived, Max had felt raw panic. COMPLEX -adverb clause

Max had felt raw panic when the moment of truth arrived.

The moment of truth arrived when Max had felt raw panic.

The moment of truth arrived, so Max had felt raw panic. COMPOUND

The moment of truth arrived, and Max had felt raw panic.

As/Because the moment of truth arrived, Max had felt raw panic.

FANCIER

The moment of truth arrived for Max, who felt raw panic. ADJ CL

commas usage is very personal- trust your judgement

2. He stood atop the bungee tower and felt a jackhammer in his chest. SIMPLE

He stood atop the bungee tower, feeling a jackhammer in his chest. VERY NATURAL

He stood atop the bungee tower, and he felt a jackhammer in his chest. COMPOUND

Feeling a jackhammer in his chest, he stood atop the bungee tower.

Standing atop the bungee tower, he felt a jackhammer in his chest. VERY HIGH QUALITY SENTENCE

3. His mind screamed one repeated thought, "What am I doing here?"

His mind screamed one repeated thought: "What am I doing here?" MORE ENERGY

His mind screamed one repeated thought--"What am I doing here?" DASH GIVES ENERGY

colons :

She has two kids: one boy and one girl.

Joe is taking three classes at SHEC: Comm 12, Eng 12, and Bio11.

hyphen -

dash -- (no break)

  

4. Far below was the parking lot where car windows glinted in the sun. COMPLEX-adj cl

Far below was the parking lot, car windows glinting in the sun. BEAUTIFUL SENTENCE

Car windows glinted in the sun far below in the parking lot. SIMPLE - direct, clear, strong, "masculine" sexist?

5. Traffic streamed by on the highway, a small plane droning in the distance.

Traffic streamed by on the highway where a small plane droned in the distance.

Traffic streamed by on the highway, and a small plane droned in the distance.

Traffic streamed by on the highway; meanwhile, a small plane droned in the distance.

6. Max squeezed his eyes shut, wishing he'd never accepted the dare.

Squeezing his eyes shut, he wished he'd never accepted the dare.

Max squeezed his eyes shut, and he wished that he'd never accepted the dare. NOUN CLAUSE

7,"You're eighteen, but you're going to die." he told himself. ?????

8. Then suddenly he was weightless and falling headlong toward earth.

 

Comm 11/12 Presentations for Thursday and Friday

Come to the front of the class., sit down or stand up.
Tell us about your person -six questions (structure)
4-5 minutes
Give me your paper.

Public speaking is nerve-wracking
Public speaking is #1 phobia- unreasonable fear


ADVICE for Public Speaking

1. Deaf grandmother
Speak up! Speak louder than usual. 

2. Good dog / Pretty baby
Energy. Enthusiasm. Performance

3. Statue
Stand your ground.

4. Indian princess
Eye contact. Pretend eye contact.

Comm11/12 Agenda for the next few days

Agenda
- sentence combining
-deaf percussionist
-prepare for presentations for tomorrow and Friday


For tomorrow, Thursday
-prepare your presentation if it is your day
-read "The Most Important Day"

Maybe tomorrow, maybe Friday
-walkthrough practice Comm 12 provincial exam

For Monday
read "Jonathan Livingston Seagull"

EF4/5 adverb clause quiz solutions

1. if late
SV
If I miss the bus, I will be late.
I will be late if I miss the bus.

If I miss the bus, so I will be late.

, so COMPOUND

if COMPLEX

6. because cigarettes

You should not smoke because cigarettes are bad for your health.

Because cigarettes are bad for your health, so you shouldn't smoke. XXX

Because cigarettes are bad for your health, so you shouldn't smoke. COMPOUND
Because cigarettes are bad for your health, so you shouldn't smoke. COMPLEX

7. as...as brother
He is as tall as his brother (is).


vt verb tense



modals - modal auxiliaries

can
may
could
should
would
must
might
will

have to
need to
ought to
used to

have got to



4. unless busy
We can go shopping tomorrow unless you are too busy.
We can go shopping tomorrow in Metrotown unless you are too busy with your job.
We can go shopping unless you are busy.

Sarah will go to the party unless she will be is busy.
Sarah will go to the party unless she is busy.
Sarah will go to the party if she is not busy.

MOST USEFUL, HIGH FREQUENCY
because if when