EF2/3 Adjective cl practice Ex5

1. I would never marry a person who smokes and drinks too much.
2. My brother bought a dog that has black and white fur.
My brother bought a dog that is black and white.

3. The doctor who treated me was from Pakistan.
The doctor who treats me is from Pakistan.

I was from China. I am from China.

4. She Sarah who got a promotion will never forget the day.
She will never forget the day that she got a promotion. DIFFERENT STYLE

5. Rosa fell in love with the man who has a brother who works in Gino's restaurant. 2 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
Rosa fell in love with the man who has whose brother who works in Gino's restaurant.
Rosa fell in love with the man whose brother works in Gino's restaurant.

whose- possession, own something

The little boy whose bicycle was stolen was very sad.

6. Elephants, which eat plants and bushes, are the largest animals in the world.

which - only one, only one kind

Tokyo, which is the capital of Japan, has 20,000,001 M people.

SOMETIMES ,, SOMETIMES NOT

The squirrel that/which is in the tree has a fluffy tail.
My dog that/which is in the yard has white fur.

7. Last month, my brother bought a car which cost $12000.

8. Nestor met a woman who wrote two books.

9. Josie gave her daughter a ring which/that was made of cubic zirconium, not real diamonds.

The ring that/which Josie gave her daughter was made of cubic zirconium, not real diamonds. HARDER WAY

10. Hank Crowley wore a jacket that had black and white stripes.


I like the store that is on Fraser Street.
I have a pair of glasses that are scratched.
His sister who is a nurse lives in Calgary.
Mary lives in an apartment that is in downtown.
We study in a school that is for adults.
He took the ferry which left at 3PM.

My office is in Burnaby.
My office is downtown.

PREPOSTIONS ARE THE HEART OF ENGLISH, THEY ARE ALL IDIOMS

He worked in a restaurant that is/was vegetarian.


A person who doesn't eat meat is a vegetarian.
An animal that doesn't eat meat is a herbivore.

A person who doesn't eat any animal products is a vegan.

A person who eats only fish for meat is a pescatarian.

A person or animal who eats everything is a omnivore.

omni = all
vore= eat

EF2/3 Adjective Clause work

adjective clauses SV

who
that
which

where
whose
whom

MOST USEFUL
who- people
that- everything, you decide
which- things not alive


who
My grandmother likes to play mahjong.
My grandmother who is 98 years old likes to play mahjong.

ADJECTIVE CL GOES AFTER THE NOUN THAT IT IS DESCRIBING
My grandmother likes to play mahjong who is 98 years old. XXX

adjectives go before the noun

the cute dog

the dog cute Spanish

adjective clauses go after the noun

the dog that has white paws

the cute dog that has white paws

which

the LCD projector which is on the cart

the old LCD projector which is on the cart

The old LCD projector which is on the cart is working perfectly.

WHEN YOU USE AN ADJECTIVE CLAUSE, YOU MUST SAY TWO THINGS ABOUT THE NOUN

My grandmother who has white hair. XXX

My grandmother who has white hair lives in Nova Scotia.

My grandmother has white hair. She lives in Nova Scotia. 2 SIMPLE SENT

My grandmother has white hair, and she lives in Nova Scotia. COMPOUND

My grandmother she who lives in Nova Scotia has white hair.

My car is red. It is old.

My car is red, and it is old. COMPOUND

My car which is red is old.

My car which is old is red.

My car is red which is old. XXX

My car is old which is red. XXX

My sister has a table that has three legs.

My sister has a table that has blue eyes. XXX

who that which

EF2/3 Useful phrasal verbs

https://blog.abaenglish.com/25-most-useful-phrasal-verbs/

http://www.fluentu.com/blog/english/english-phrasal-verbs/

EF2/3 Complex sentence exercises

10. Since she moved to Alberta, she has been feeling happier.
Since she moved to Alberta, she has had to learn to drive.

I have to learn to speak Mandarin.

have to = modal

She didn't learn to ride a bicycle.

4. Although we left at seven o'clock, we were still late for the wedding ceremony.

6. Because you are friendly, you have a lot of friends.
Because you are friendly, so you have a lot of friends. XXX

Because you are friendly, so you have a lot of friends. COMPOUND

Because you are friendly, so you have a lot of friends. COMPLEX

2. Before they had children, they had lots of money and freetime and went on vacations, and had nice cars, and were happy, and the house was clean; also, they were well-rested.

EF2/3 Practice with adverb clauses

1. The car wouldn't start because it was cold outside.
The car wouldn't start because it was out of gas.
The car wouldn't start because the battery was dead.
2.My sister called me last night because she had a bad dream.
bad dream = nightmare   mare=horse

My sister called me last night because she needed me to help (v) her.

My sister called me last night because she needed my/ some help (n).

3. The store was closed because of the storm. SIMPLE
The store was closed because it was very late.
The store was closed because it was after hours.
The store was closed because it went bankrupt/broke.

4. Several people were angry because the Skytrain was late.

5. The kitchen smelled wonderful because my mother was cooking a yummy lunch. 

6. They cleaned up the apartment because their parents were going to visit. 
They cleaned up the apartment because they invited some friends to come over for a party,
They cleaned up the apartment because it was dirty/ filthy/ grubby.
They cleaned up the apartment because they were putting it on the market.

7.My doctor moved to the United States because she likes it there.
My doctor moved to the United States because she got a job there.
My doctor moved to the United States because she was very sick.
My doctor moved to the United States because her family all live in Chattanooga, Tennessee.

8. I want to buy her a gift because she passed her exam.
I want to buy her a gift because of her birthday.
I want to buy her a gift because her birthday is tomorrow.

9. The beach was crowded with people because it was a nice summer day.
The beach was crowded with people because it was a beautiful, lovely day.
       a lovely, beautiful  day.

EF2/3C-56 Adverb Clauses

3. It was a beautiful, sunny day. They decided to go shopping.
It was a beautiful, sunny day, so they decided to go shopping. COMPOUND
Because/ Since it was a beautiful, sunny day, they decided to go shopping. COMPLEX
Although/ Even though/ Though it was a beautiful, sunny day, they decided to go shopping.

4. He turned off the television when/because the show was boring.

5. He turned off the television although the show was very exciting.

6. Jack read the newspaper until Ann came home at six o'clock. 
Jack read the newspaper when Ann came home at six o'clock.
Jack had read the newspaper when Ann came home at six o'clock.

7. Since Tom had no money, Jack gave him ten dollars.
When Tom had no money, Jack gave him ten dollars.
Tom had no money before Jack gave him ten dollars.
Tom had no money until Jack gave him ten dollars.
Tom had no money after Jack gave him ten dollars. XXX COMPLEX
Tom had no money; afterward, Jack gave him ten dollars. COMPOUND

8. While Kelly and Tim ate supper, they listened to music on the radio.
Kelly and Tim ate supper while they listened to music on the radio. *
Whenever Kelly and Tim ate supper, they listened to music on the radio.
While Kelly and Tim eat supper, they listen to music on the radio.
He fell asleep while he was watching a movie.

9. We want to be on time. We must leave right now.
We want to be on time, so we must leave right now. COMPOUND
If we want to be on time, we must leave right now.
COMPLEX
Because/Since we want to be on time, we must leave right now.
We must leave right now because/since we want to be on time.

11. We put on our best clothes. We went to the party.

We put on our best clothes before we went to the party.

We put on our best clothes after we went to the party. XXX

We put on our best clothes when we went to the party. XXX

We went to the party after we put on our best clothes.

We put on our best clothes before we went to the party.

10. She was interrupted by a loud noise when she began to speak to the group.

She began to speak to the group until she was interrupted by a loud noise.

She spoke to the group while there were loud noises coming from outside.

12. Karen gets a pay cheque. She won't be able to buy groceries.
Until Karen gets a pay cheque, she won't be able to buy groceries.
She Karen won't be able to buy groceries until Karen she gets a pay cheque.

Unless Karen gets a pay cheque, she won't be able to buy groceries.

Unless Karen gets a pay cheque, she won't be able to buy groceries.
If Karen doesn't get a pay cheque, she won't be able to buy groceries.

13. When/ Whenever I look at my mother's photograph, I feel homesick.
I look at my mother's photograph if I feel homesick.

14. The police followed the green car because they thought it belonged to a drug dealer.

15. Come live with me next year. I'll help you find a job.
If you come live with me next year, I'll help you find a job.

When/ After you come live with me next year, I'll help you find a job.

I'll help you find a job when you come live with me next year.

Unless you come live with me next year, I'll help you find a job. XXX

Unless you come live with me next year, I cannot help you find a job.

While you live with me next year, I'll help you find a job.

if / even if

A                                      B

I will come to your party if you invite me.

B effects A

A                                      B

I will come to your party even if you don't invite me.

B does not effect A

We will go to the park even if it rains.

We will not go to the park if it rains.

EF2/3 More adverb clauses

SENTENCE TYPES
SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX

complex- adverb clauses, adjective clauses, noun clauses

adverb clauses
because if when

TIME-
when
I drink coffee when I'm tired.
When I'm tired, I drink coffee.

while
She was making supper while he was watching TV.

until
She will work until the project is finished.
I will practice piano until I can play the song.
He will save money until he has enough to buy a new bicycle.

whenever
Whenever the mailman comes, the dog barks.
When the mailman comes, the dog barks.

until till- casual, spoken

because cause- casual, spoken

after
The kids go to bed after 7 o'clock.
The kids go to bed after S V. ADV CLAUSE
The kids go to bed after they brush their teeth.

before
(You) Call me before you leave.

IMPERATIVE SENTENCE- command
Come in. Sit down. Relax.

COMPARISON
than
Fatah is taller than Sarb (is).
Vancouver is (adj) cooler than Tehran (is).

adjectives- comparative

ADJECTIVES
simple- cool
comparative- cooler
superlative- coolest

than (comparative adjectives)
The little girl is faster than her brother.
"than her brother'- adv cl "than her brother is"

Housing in Vancouver is much more expensive than Istanbul.

as... as
Fatah is as tall as her mother.
Is housing in Vancouver as expensive as Toronto?
The dog is as much a part of the family as the kids.
Your new guitar sounds as good as his (does).

My phone looks like John's phone.
Sarah looks like her mother.
Sarah looks like the same as her mother.

TIME
as soon as - exactly when

Call me when you get home.
Call me as soon as you get home.

as soon as possible
as soon as you can
as soon as it is ready
Tell me when your vacation is as soon as you know.

Can you come to work early tomorrow? Come as early as you can.
as adj as

MOST IMPORTANT because, if , when
than, before, after


REASON
because since
She is wearing a sunhat since it's very sunny today.
She is wearing a sunhat because it's very sunny today.

CONDITION
if
Let's go see Planet of the Apes if you're free. 
If you're free, let's go see Planet of the Apes.

I'm going to see Planet of the Apes if/whether you're free or not.

although/ even though/ though