can
could
should
to go
We should go to Burnaby next week.
We should to have gone to Burnaby last week.
ought to = should
You ought to to call your sister since it is her birthday today.
You should call your sister.
be supposed to = should, is expected to, responsibility, expectation
Parents are supposed to to provide care for their kids.
This phone is supposed to work well, but it doesn't.
Tomorrow is supposed to be sunny.
It wasn't supposed to rain yesterday, but it did a little bit.
Your mother's plane is supposed to land at 8:30.
had better = really should
Your sister is crying; you had better apologize to her.
We had better leave now; out plane is leaving in two hours.
I don't have to go to work next week.
I don't have to worry about my brother.
You don't have to check up on me.
Mozart could play the piano beautifully as a child.
Mozart was able to play the piano beautifully as a child.
I really should try to get fit.
I really have to get fit.
I really must get fit.
cardio-vascular system
cardio - exercise, "heart"
cardiologist - heart specialist
neurologist - brain
psychologist / psychiatrist - "shrink"
dermatologist - skin specialist
optometrist - routine eye, glasses
ophthalmologist - specialist for special eye problems
pediatrician - specialist for children
dentist - tooth doctor
OBGYN obstetrician, gynecologist
midwife - deliver babies, not doctors
dietitian - eating well
nutritionist -
aesthetician (sp)-
physiotherapist -
modals / modal auxiliaries
can
could
should
will
subject + modal + infinitive -to "to go"
"'to go" "go" basic form of the verb
Ruth can go to the party.
Ruth will go to the party.
Ruth can going to the party. XXX
Ruth can went to the party. XXX
Ruth can going to the party. XXX
Sarah must take better care of her health.
modals don't have tenses -
You can use modals to suggest time frames
"When I was a kid, I could do a handstand."
"Tomorrow I could help fix your computer."
"When I was a kid, I can do a handstand." XXX
could - past ability, possibility (maybe)
could would - tricky, complicated
must
Sarah must take care of her children, so she can't come to work today.
Sarah had to take care of her children, so she couldn't come to work yesterday. 'had to' - past of 'must'
'have got to' - very strong 'must'
You have got to floss and brush your teeth if you want to have teeth.
We have got to finish the project by tomorrow.
might - maybe
She might have called when we were out. past
She might be at home. present
She might go to the party. future
have to - must
I have to make supper for my family.
Mary has to make supper for her family.
Mary had to make supper for her family. past
used to
When I was a child, I used to do cartwheels.
NOT A MODAL
am used to - comfortable, accustomed to
I am used to living in Canada. gerund
I have done it for ten years. I am used to it.
I am used to playing basketball with people that are better me.
I used to play basketball. I don't play anymore.
used to / am used to TOTALLY UNRELATED MEANINGS
I used to be a nurse. You are not anymore for some reason.
My son used to be scared of ghosts.
I am used to living in Vancouver. NOT A MODAL
I used to live in Vancouver. MODAL "to live"
She is used to NOUN - gerund
She is used to speaking English now. She has lived in Canada for five years.
NOT MODALS
I am used to my iphone. noun
I am used to using my iphone. noun
http://www.bcit.ca/study/programs/1190acert
Sentence styles
SIMPLE
one main clauses
S V
Watch out!
We went for a walk.
Simple sentences are powerful. If you have something important to say, put it in a simple sentence.
S VV
I listened to music and cooked dinner.
Ex.27
1. The cat is asleep.
I like ice cream.
2. The kids run and shout.
3. Joe and Sarah carpool. HOV Lane High Occupancy Vehicle
4. Can you help me? Do you like apples?
5. prepositional phrase on the bus, to the park, in the house, by the school, for the party, up the river, down the hatch,
Cheers! Down the hatch! Bottoms up! Here's mud in your eye!
We were sitting on the bus.
I was waiting at the bus stop for the bus for 45 minutes in the snow.
'Simple' does not mean 'easy'.
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
I like listening to music while I cook. COMPLEX
I would have sent Rollo to jail. Because he shouldn't have stabbed Mike. frag
Because he shouldn't have stabbed Mik
ze. sentence fragment
Because he shouldn't have stabbed Mike, S V.
Because he shouldn't have stabbed Mike, Rollo should be be punished.
FIX
I would have sent Rollo to jail. He shouldn't have stabbed Mike. 2 simple sentences
Rollo shouldn't have stabbed Mike, so I would have sent him to jail. 1 compound sentence
I would have sent Rollo to jail because he shouldn't have stabbed Mike. 1 complex sentence
a consonant or consonant sound
a car
a house
a useful book
an vowel or a vowel sound
an apple
an orange
an umbrella
an hour
an honest person
an honorable person
an elephant
MAIN CL
SUB CL
-adverb
-adjective
-noun
Use the clauses to make sentences.
NEXT STEP:
Put our ideas into English sentences.
Every sentence has to be a sentence.
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
