E12 Notes on using quotations as evidence in writing

How to Use Quotations in Your Writing

“” quotation marks

“” 3 purposes”

1. reported speech She said, “Pick up the present.”

2. title “Boys and Girls”

College Writing Skills     College Writing Skills italics

“College Writing Skills” Don’t do that

The Whale Rider The Whale Rider

“I Can’t Feel My Face”

2. use evidence in an answer

“XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.” quote whole sentence

keep them short , 2,3,4 words

INCORPORATE quotations into your sentences

e.g. The silver foxes that the narrator’s father raised were “small, mean, and rat-like” when they were skinned.

LESS IS MORE- salt in food- a little bit

MOST IMPORTANT- You are writing your own sentences. The “” is just a little bit of proof, evidence.

***

The narrator is surrounded by people and social forces that are trying to harm her. For example, this is symbolized by the foxes who look at her with “malevolent faces”(3).

The narrator is surrounded by people and social forces that are trying to harm her. For example, this is symbolized by the foxes who look at her with “pure hostility”(4) when she goes into their pen to feed them.

Incorporating quotations into your writing.

... ellipsis- show that words have been omitted

The foxes had “aristocratic tails and the bright fur sprinkled on dark down their back- which gave them their name- but especially for their faces, drawn exquisitely in pure hostility, and their golden eyes.”

The foxes had “aristocratic tails and the bright fur sprinkled on dark down their back- which gave them their name- but especially for their faces, drawn exquisitely in pure hostility, and their golden eyes.”

The foxes had “aristocratic tails ... and golden eyes.” WORDS HAVE BEEN OMITTED, still has to be grammatical

The foxes had “aristocratic ... eyes.”(3-4) NOT A SENTENCE

PROOF HAD TO STAND-ONLY, SELF-CONTAINED

...... NOT ENGLISH

“I like dogs, cats, fish, ......” NOT ENGLISH

“I like dogs, cats, fish, etc.” et cetera (Latin) “and others”

e.g. for example (Latin) examplia gratis free example

i.e. that is (Latin) id est

[] square brackets- make small changes, stylistic or grammatical

The narrator doesn’t like to work in the kitchen with her mother; rather, she prefers “working with my father”(5) doing farm chores.

The narrator doesn’t like to work in the kitchen with her mother; rather, she prefers “working with [her] father”(5) doing farm chores.

The narrator doesn’t like to work in the kitchen with her mother; rather, she prefers “working with [Santa Claus]”(5) doing farm chores. NO GOOD, BE HONEST

TOOLBOX

“”

...

[]

PROOF that your ideas are good ideas.

The narrator was wary of spending time with her mother because she felt that she was “not to be trusted”(5). This shows the narrator’s unease with her role as a girl in the family.

EVIDENCE, PROOF

WHEN READING- MAKE NOTES

E10/EF7 Sentence fragments, run-ons

3. The man talking to Dr. Simpson. FRAGMENT
The man is talking to Dr. Simpson.
The man who is talking to Dr. Simpson is my brother. ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
4. Stop the car. IMPERATIVE SENTENCE- COMMAND
6.He had stains on the collar of the shirt and also on his handkerchief.
1.We enjoyed seeing the sun at midnight in Sweden.
2.There are XXX in some homes, on beaches, and even in hotels.
3.The little boy, carrying a large box, came down the stairs.
4.The girl in the tight red dress is your grandmother.

C2. Jack was thirsty, he ordered another bottle of beer. CS
Jack was thirsty, so he ordered another bottle of beer. COMPOUND
Jack was thirsty; he ordered another bottle of beer.

Jack was thirsty; therefore, he ordered another bottle of beer.

4. Frank was in the library, he started to feel ill. CS

Frank was in the library when he started to feel ill. COMPLEX

When Frank was in the library, he started to feel ill. COMPLEX

E10/ EF7 Sentence Combining Sheet 2

William Strong- variety of sentence- simple, compound, complex

1. David and Peter went on a camping trip. KERNEL

They went to the White Mountains in New Hampshire. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
They went in June.

David and Peter went on a camping trip to the White Mountains in New Hampshire in June. SIMPLE
In June, David and Peter went on a camping trip to the White Mountains in New Hampshire.

David and Peter went on a camping trip, and it was to the White Mountains in New Hampshire in June. COMPOUND ,SOBA

David and Peter went on a camping trip which was to the White Mountains in New Hampshire in June. COMPLEX SENTENCE- ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

SENTENCE VARIETY, CONTROL

2.They checked all their equipment before they got into the car for the long ride to the mountains. COMPLEX SENTENCES- ADVERB CLAUSE

After they checked all their equipment, they got into the car for the long ride to the mountains.

They got into the car for the long ride to the mountains after they checked all their equipment.
COMPLEX SENTENCES- ADVERB CLAUSES

They checked all their equipment after they got into the car for the long ride to the mountains. WRONG MEANING

They checked all their equipment; after, they got into the car for the long ride to the mountains. RIGHT MEANING
They checked all their equipment; afterwards, they got into the car for the long ride to the mountains. RIGHT MEANING

3. When they arrived at the campground in the late afternoon, they set up camp near a small stream.
After they arrived at the campground in the late afternoon, they set up camp near a small stream. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSES

They arrived at the campground in the late afternoon; afterwards, they set up camp near a small stream. COMPOUND

They set up camp near a small stream when they arrived at the campground in the late afternoon.
They set up camp near a small stream after they arrived at the campground in the late afternoon. COMPLEX- ADVERB SENTENCES


SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX- ACHIEVE MASTERY


4. David put up the tent while Peter cooked supper over the fire. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE
While David put up the tent, Peter cooked supper over the fire.

David put up the tent XXX Peter cooked supper over the fire.
David put up the tent, and Peter cooked supper over the fire. 
David put up the tent, so Peter cooked supper over the fire. 

David put up the tent; Peter cooked supper over the fire. 

David put up the tent; therefore, Peter cooked supper over the fire. 

David put up the tent; at the same time, Peter cooked supper over the fire. 

David put up the tent; meanwhile, Peter cooked supper over the fire.

5. After they crawled into their sleeping bags at sunset, they became nervous because they began to hear animal noises. COMPLEX SENTENCE- ADVERB CLAUSES
Because they began to hear animal noises after they crawled into their sleeping bags at sunset, they became nervous.
They became nervous after they crawled into their sleeping bags at sunset because they began to hear animal noises.

After they crawled into their sleeping bags at sunset, they began to hear animal noises, so they became nervous. COMPOUND COMPLEX
They began to hear animal noises after they crawled into their sleeping bags at sunset, so they became nervous. COMPOUND COMPLEX


NO WORRY, NO STRESS, NO UNCERTAINTY- PRO SKILLS

DANCE MOVES-

E12 phrasal verbs verb+preposition

EASIER https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/phrasal-verbs-list.htm

HARDER http://www.learn-english-today.com/phrasal-verbs/phrasal-verbs_M-N.html

Eng12 5 Most Common Regrets of Dying People

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bronnie-ware/top-5-regrets-of-the-dyin_b_1220965.html

Eng10/ EF7 Sentence Combining Sheet 1

1. The object looks long. KERNEL
The object looks thin.

The object looks long, and the object looks thin. REPETITION, POOR WRITING
The object looks long and thin.

The object measures about 8 inches in length.


The object looks long (adj), thin (adj) and measures (verb) about 8 inches in length. NOT PARALLEL


The object looks long and thin and measures about 8 inches in length. SIMPLE

The object looks long and thin, and it measures about 8 inches in length. COMPOUND

The object looks long and thin; also, it measures about 8 inches in length. COMPOUND

The object  which looks long and thin measures about 8 inches in length. COMPLEX- adjective clause

VARIETY OF SENTENCES


2. The object which has a diameter that measure about 1/8 inch has many flat sides but appears rounded. COMPLEX- adjective clause

The object has many flat sides but appears rounded; it has a diameter that measures about 1/8 inch. COMPOUND

VERY EFFECTIVE TO BECOME A GOOD WRITER

William Strong- professor
- wasn't happy with his college students
- help them improve their writing- dense, meaningful, convey a lot of meaning, academic, professional

3. It comes in many colours outside and inside, but usually the outside is yellow and the inside in greyish black. COMPOUND

4. There is often writing and a number which is often a 2 or a 3 along the outside of the object. COMPLEX- adjective clause

5. The top of the object is made of rubber which has an aluminum band around it, and the bottom of the object comes to a sharp point. COMPOUND COMPLEX

6. The body of the object appears to be made of wood, but the inside is actually made of  lead. COMPOUND
 The body of the object appears to be made of wood while the inside is actually made of  lead. COMPLEX- adverb clause

7. The longer you use the object, the cat shorter and fish duller it get.

The shorter and duller cat the object gets, the more you fish use it.

8. The object is often used by students, cat artists, and office monkey workers.

Eng12 Examples of compositions

https://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/exams/exemplars/en_oc/en12-comp-sp.pdf