EF12SL12 Class 13

 

Good morning, everyone.

 

Any plans for the weekend?

I will stay home and sleep.

I will go to shopping and swimming.

I will learn English.

We will have a small party for my brother with friends. He won a match.

I will watch TV.

I will sign an internet contract with Rogers.

I will play basketball with family. I will go play basketball.

I will go to work today.

My daughter will go to music class.

I will go downtown.

 

SIMPLE FUTURE VERB TENSE- in two weeks

will go

will walk

will eat

will play

 

 

I want to play basketball.

 

I will see my friend tomorrow.

 

I will visit my parents.

OR

I want to visit my parents.

 

 

Today’s class plan:

·      Attendance

·      “Self-Assessment Reflection” Week 3

·      “Vocabulary Exercises 2”

·      Continue dialogue “Going to the Supermarket”

·      Listening work- vocabulary “Word List 1.1”

·      Quiz 2- modals (last 30m)

 

Monday

·      Return Quiz2

Go over

Optional rewrite for one point

·      New verb tense: simple past verb tense

 

Tuesday

 

 

**

“Self-Assessment Reflection” Week 3

Strengths – What went well this week for you in class?

Challenges- What was difficult this week for you in class?

Goals- What do you want to focus on for next week?

Plans- What steps will you take to achieve that goal/ these goals.

 

 

**

1.       The __ was full of books and students were reading quietly.

(a) park

(b) library

(c) store

quietly(adverb) – describes a verb

end in ‘ly’

quietly

slowly

quickly

carefully

firstly, secondly, thirdly

finally

 

The dog runs quickly.

The kids play loudly.

 

friendly(adjective)  She is a friendly person.

Not all ‘ly’ words are adverbs.

 

She speaks English goodly well.

He speaks Spanish perfectly.

She speaks Farsi fluently.

VOCAB fluently- use a language at a very high level

Her English will become fluent step-by-step. fluent(adjective)

She will speak English fluently step-by-step. fluently(adverb)

 

healthy(adj)

 

She talks quietly. He talks loudly.

 

 

2.       We had a picnic in the __ by the lake.

(a) playground

(b) garden

(c) park

 

3.       The __ was crowded with people waiting for their flights.

(a) airport - planes

(b) station- bus, train

(c) restaurant

We waited at the bus station/depot.

bus depot

Home Depot- construction/building materials- wood, metal, nails, screws

                             -tools- hammer, screwdriver, saw, axe, hatchet

 

hammer and nails

screwdriver and screws

She tightened the screw with a screwdriver.

 

In Alberta, he lived on a farm. He killed his own chickens.

The chickens are in a chicken coop.

 

I hunt deer, rabbits, and grouse.

You must have a license to hunt in Canada.

You also need a license to fish in Canada.

You can fish in lakes or in the ocean.

 

 

 

4.       He lives in a small __ outside the city.

(a) village- very small

(b) town- bigger than a village

(c) country

Vancouver is an expensive city.

 

 

5.       The __ was filled with fresh vegetables and fruits.

(a) hospital

(b) market

(c) mall

She went to the market and bought some veggies and fruit.

 

6.       She stayed at a nice __ during her vacation.

(a) office

(b) hotel

(c) school

She stayed at a five-star hotel.

That is an expensive hotel.

motel- small hotel that you park your car in front of your room, cheaper, not fancy

 

 

7.       We waited for the train at the __.

(a) station/depot

(b) airport

(c) factory

 

 

8.       The __ was so quiet that you could hear a pin drop.

(a) stadium

(b) library

(c) park

IDIOM can hear a pin drop- very quiet

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9.       The children played in the __ after school.

(a) playground

(b) kitchen

(c) classroom

 

10.   He works in an/a __ where they make cars.

(a) office

(b) factory

(c) market

 

company- does business to make money

factory- builds products to sell

 

 

**

Continue dialogue “Going to the Supermarket”

Vocabulary Preview

5. aisle-

There is an aisle on an airplane.

The produce aisle is close to the door.

6. produce(noun)- fresh vegetables and fruit

produce(verb)

produce(noun)

7. ground beef- hamburger

She doesn’t like to eat hamburger. She is a vegetarian.

Four days each month you only eat vegetables.

8. deli- delicatessen – sliced meat- salami, sliced ham, sliced turkey

                               - special sandwiches

Processed meat is not healthy for you. It is very salty.

A lamb is a baby sheep.

A calf is a baby cow. Beef is the meat.

 

9.bakery- bread, cake, pie, muffins

 

We have to eat healthy food.

 

11.   laundry- clothes, clothing

 

-Dialogue

We can read the dialogue out loud.

Speak slowly and clearly.

 

Continue Monday

 

 

 

 

Quiz 2

Dividers.

Lined, ruled paper.

Phones and devices away.

Full name, class, and date top right corner of your paper.

Double-space

Title: Quiz 2

Write a sentence with a modal verb for each.

1.    should        do

2.    might          go

3.    can              get

4.    will              make

5.    must           take

6.    can              work

 

 

EF6WI567 Class 12

 

In the next week, I have several meetings to go to.

I am representing the teachers at some meetings.

 

Butter

10 years ago

He is a puppy-at-heart.

He is a very gentle dog.

He loves people.

He won’t bother you.

If you are scared, you can do this.

He doesn’t care about food.

He mostly cares about affection.

The autistic students really like him.

I bring him once every couple of weeks.

 

She is a child-at-heart.

 

 

 

 

Today’s agenda

·      Attendance

·      Return Test 1

Go over

- verb tense

- “ “ direct quotations

Optional RW for one point

·      Continue compound sentences

Prepare for quiz Monday

Choose vocabulary to review

·      Idiom story “Amy Has a Crush”- casual, natural-sounding English

fun stories

 

Friday

I have a meeting. Ginny will be here.

 

Monday

·      Quiz 2- compound sentences

·      Begin complex sentences- adverb clauses

 

Tuesday

·      Continue adverb clauses

·       

 

 

 

Test 1

Title: Test 1

Write a narrative paragraph of 125-150 words on one of the following topics.

Pass in by the end of the class.

1.    A memorable journey

2.    A difficult decision

3.    A memorable high school event

4.    A time I helped someone

 

Areas for improvement:

verb tense – simple past (EF1) - already happened

When I am a child, I go to school with my friends. XXX

When I was a child, I went to school with my friends.

When I were a child, I was go to school with my friends. XXX

 

 

 

 

 

7 main verb tenses to know:

simple present

simple past

simple future

present progressive/continuous

past progressive/continuous

present perfect

present perfect progressive/continuous

 

 

“ “ quotation marks

reported speech, direct speech- exact words that someone says, quote, quotation

Mary said, “I am going to be late today.”

You said, “I will pick up the kids.”

Barack Obama said, “Yes, we can!”

He said, “Hello.”

 

My sister said you should be careful. XXX

FIX

My sister said, “You should be careful.”

direct speech- exact words

 

 

indirect speech- not the exact words, just the idea

My sister said, “You should be careful.” direct quotation

My sister said that I should be careful. indirect, no quotation

 

Mary said that she will/would be late today. indirect, no quotation

Mary said, “I will be late today.” direct, quotation

 

You said that you would pick up the kids. indirect, no quotation

You said, “I will pick up the kids.” direct, quotation

 

My friend said I don’t want to go to the party. I said you should go. XXX

FIX

My friend said, “I don’t want to go to the party.” I said, “You should go.”

My friend said (that) he didn’t want to go to the party. I said (that) he should go.

 

My mother said you have to do your homework. CONFUSING

FIXES

My mother said, “You have to do your homework.”

My mother said that I have to do my homework.

 

Using quotation marks “  “ double quotation marks 99% of the time

 ‘   ‘ single quotation marks 1% of your time , university papers

 

 

Barack Obama said that we can do it!

 

DIRECT       She said, “That will be fine.”

INDIRECT   She said that that will be fine.

 

 

 

**

Example sentences

 

I will never forget my family vacation.

I will never forget your birthday party.

 

It was one of the best days of my life.

Italy is one of the most beautiful countries in the world.

She is one of the nicest people I have ever met.

 

highways- TransCanada highway, Highway 1

 

major highway, secondary highway

 

The major highway going to LA is I-5.

A secondary highway is Route 80.

 

 

We wanted to got out. But we were tired. ww XXX

*Don’t start a sentence with SOBA.

 

FIXES

We wanted to got out, but we were tired.

We wanted to got out; we were tired.

We wanted to got out. However, we were tired.

We wanted to got out; however, we were tired.

 

We were so tired. ww

We were so tired. – casual talking, not for writing

FIXES

We were very/really/extremely tired.

 

We were so tired that SV.

We were so tired that we feel asleep. adverb clause- next week

It is so cold that we are wearing toques.

 

 

The announcer said that the flight was delayed.

 

 

 

Verb tenses

feel- simple present    felt-simple past

fall- simple present     fell- simple past

fill- simple present       filled- simple past

 

I feel great. I felt great yesterday.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

**

Quiz 2 on Monday

Let’s choose 10 connector words to review:

1.    , so

2.    or

3.    but

4.    and

5.    ; however,

6.    therefore

7.    also

8.    as a result

9.    likewise

10.                       in addition

 

We will choose 10 vocabulary words to review.

1.    company

2.    program

3.    question

4.    work

5.    money

6.    project

7.    team

8.    friend

9.    dance

10.                       manager

 

I will choose six of them.

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXAMPLE

Quiz 2

Write  a compound sentence for each.

1.    so      friend

My friend was (feeling) sick, so I made some soup for her.

My neighbour won the lottery, so now I am his best friend.

2.    however    manager

Mei wanted to take a day off; however, her manager turned her down.

3.

4.

5.

6.

 

 

SV, SOBA SV.

SV; TRANS, SV.

 

 

**

“Episode 2: Amy Has a Crush”

Let’s get into some groups of 4-5 people. Let’s chat in English about the questions and vocabulary.

 

Discussion

1.    bff- BFF- best friend forever

I have a childhood friend.

She is a friend from work.

He is a friend from college/church/mosque/temple.

mosque- church for Muslim people

Buddhist temple

Jewish synagogue

 

2.    complain about husband/wife, interesting topics, gossip,

family, kids, job

IDIOM Don’t show your dirty laundry.

3.    swimming pool, community centre, church, school, gym, Costco,

Meetup.com, bar, nightclub, coffee shop, dog park,

4.    honest, kind, thoughtful, smart, humorous, not selfish, genuine, not fake, frank

5.    Sidney Sweeney, Madjit

 

3.

4.

5.

 

EF12SL12 Class 12

 

My dog’s name is Butter.

He is 10 years old.

He acts like a puppy.

He loves people.

 

Good morning, everyone.

 

Today’s class plan:

·      Attendance

·      Continue Modals

Practice writing sentences

Quiz2 tomorrow

Choose 10 verbs to use for the quiz. I will use six of the verbs for the quiz.

“100 Most Common Verbs”

·      Listening work- vocabulary “Word List 1.1”

·      New dialogue “Going to the Supermarket”

 

Friday

·      “Self-Assessment Reflection” Week 3

·      Vocabulary exercises

·      New verb tense: simple past verb tense

·      Listening fun

·      Quiz2- modal (last 30m)

 

Monday

·      Return Quiz2

Go over

Optional rewrite for one point

 

Tuesday

 

 

 

**

Modals/ Modal Auxiliaries

modal + VERB

can + go

I can go to the mall.

You can go to the mall.

He can go to the mall.

We can go to the mall.

 

·      can- ability

I can play cricket.

He can work tomorrow.

     can- question

Can I work tomorrow?

Can I play cricket?

 

·      could- possibility, maybe

I could drive you to the airport later.

We could go to the movies tonight.

 

·      may – asking permission, usually, almost always with “I”

May I look at your phone?

May I go to the bathroom?

 

·      might- 50/50, maybe

It might rain today.

She might come today.

She might come here in the afternoon.

 

It may rain today. unusual English, sounds like a grammar book

You may leave now. unusual English, sounds like a grammar book

You can leave now.

I might go travel in January.

He might forgot forget to call you.

modal + VERB

might + forget

 

I forget. SIMPLE PRESENT VERB TENSE

I will forget. MODAL

I might forget. MODAL

 

I might ask you about the information.

 

Might I leave now? GRAMMAR BOOK ENGLISH

Can I leave now? natural-sounding English

 

          This class is EF1/2. You have time to become familiar with natural-sounding English. The secret is using English in your daily life.

 

·      must- have to, necessary

must + VERB

We must travel leave today.

You must follow the traffic rules.

I must wake up early.

He must be tired.

EF34 The little kid must look when he crosses the street.

I must practice English at home.

You must go to your doctor’s appointment.

They must work every day.

He must start his work now.

I must sleep every night.

 

 

 

·      should- give advice

You should study more.

You should drink more water.

He should drive the car.

You should call your mother.

I should read their homework.

They should practice their English.

You should be careful.

I should buy a new t-shirt.

We should play tennis together.

You have a fever. You should go to the doctor.

 

You should call your sister.

Should you call your sister?

Should I call my sister?

 

I should use an umbrella when it rains.  when it is raining

 

He should not watch TV every night/evening.

He shouldn’t watch TV every night/evening.

 

You shouldn’t eat a lot of fast food.

You shouldn’t smoke.

You shouldn’t get married.

Married men live longer and are healthier than single men.

Also, married people earn more money than single people.

Women live longer than men.

 

They should wait in the line.

 

 

 

 

 

·      will- future

I will go to Canadian Tire after school.

She will help her friend.

He will play football tonight.

I will call you later.

I will go to the mall tomorrow.

I will go to swimming later.

He will not play video games every day.

 

I will pay with a debit card.  bank card

I will pay with a credit card.  Visa, Mastercard

I will pay cash.

 

I will buy a car.

I will go to the gym.

 

I will go to the hospital.

 

I will not go back to China.

 

·      would

Would you like some coffee?

I would like some coffee, please.

Would your dog like a treat?

Yes, I would like.

Would you help me, please?

Could you help me, please?

Would you like to take a trip/vacation to Japan?

 

Would/Could you open the window?

 

 

Modals: can could may might must should will would

 

Let’s practice. Write some short sentences from your imagination using these modals. Work together. I will come around and help.

 

 

EXAMPLE:

Quiz2

Write a sentence with a modal for each

1. can          go

The kids can go to the park later today.

2. will          get

We will get some groceries tonight.

3. might     make

She might make some dosas later.

I might make some coffee.

4.

5.

6.

 

Let’s choose ten verbs to review. I will choose six of the verbs for the quiz.

1.    be

2.    have

3.    do

4.    say

5.    go

6.    get

7.    make

8.    take

9.    cut

10.                       work

 

slice(verb) cut into thin pieces

 

HOMEWORK

Review the modals: can could may might must should will would

 

 

 

**

New dialogue “Going to the Supermarket”

 

Let’s get into groups of 4-5 people as usual. We can chat about the Warm-Up Questions and the Vocabulary Preview. This is another great chance to talk in English with other people.

 

A.Warm-Up Questions

1. Yes- choose fresh food, love food, love cooking, peaceful,

No- feel tired, heavy bags to carry, cost a lot of money, no parking, busy grocery store

2. Independent, T&T, Superstore, Walmart, Costco, Persia (North Van), 88 Supermarket, Low Foods, Price Smart, Safeway $$, IGA, No Frills

3. pickled mango, special fruit, for example- durian, starfruit, quince

 

Vocabulary Preview

1.    groceries- food, buy at a grocery store

2.    dairy- milk, cheese, yoghurt, cream

3.    shampoo- special soap for your hair

4.    beauty supplies

 

Some  people are lactose-intolerant. They can’t drink milk.

She makes her own yoghurt.

 

EF6WI567 Class 11

 

Today’s agenda

·      Attendance

·      Go over academic honesty again.

·      Continue compound sentences

·      Idiom story “Amy Has a Crush”- casual, natural-sounding English

·      funs stories

 

Thursday

·      Return Test 1

Go over

Optional RW for one point

·      Continue compound sentences

Prepare for quiz Monday

Choose vocabulary

 

Friday

I have a meeting. Another teacher will be here.

 

Monday

·      Quiz 2- compound sentences

·      Begin complex sentences- adverb clauses

 

Tuesday

·      Continue adverb clauses

·       

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

**

Academic honesty

-plagiarism- copying from  book or website, etc. -pretending that you wrote it

 

-AI-generated content- ChatGPT

 

-translating app-

 

-cheating on a test- have notes out, phone out

 

I follow SHEC, VSB, and Ministry of Education guidelines.

 

Serious repercussions- causes and effects, actions and consequences

 

 

 

 

Three types of sentences: SIMPLE   COMPOUND   COMPLEX

4^th kind- mix COMPOUND COMPLEX

 

Sentence types:

SIMPLE SENTENCES –  SV   SSV   SVV   SSVV   SSSV   SVVV   Imperative   Interrogative

 

New kind of sentence:

COMPOUND SENTENCES

 

Most teachers teach FANBOYS

7 coordinating conjunctions in English

FANBOYS for and nor but or yet so

 

Some of these are used often- low-frequency words for compound sentences

 

HIGH-FREQUENCY very often used

LOW-FREQUENCY rarely used

 

FANBOYS for and nor but or yet so

EXAMPLES OF for, nor, yet- low-frequency, grammar book

 

*for

Maria brought an umbrella today, for it is raining.

-low-frequency usage, grammar-book style of English

 

AUTHENTIC

Maria brought an umbrella today because it is raining. COMPLEX SENT

high-frequency usage-

 

‘for’ preposition phrases

for example

She got some coffee for you.

He brought a cake for the birthday party

Thanks for your help.

 

SV, for SV. low frequency

She got you a present, for it is your birthday. Unusual, grammar-book,

not authentic English

She got you a present because it is your birthday. authentic

 

She got a present for you.

VOCAB authentic – real, not fake, the real deal

I bought you a coffee. I bought a coffee for you.

 

I stayed at home, for I was feeling sick. XXX

AUTHENTIC, REAL ENGLISH I stayed at home because I was feeling sick.

 

FANBOYS for and nor but or yet so

 

*nor

either or   neither nor low-frequency

Neither Maria nor Sarah is going to the theatre. grammar-book

 

AUTHENTIC

They aren’t going to the theatre. authentic

Neither of them are going to the theatre. authentic

Maria isn’t going. Neither is Sarah.

 

Me neither. CASUAL

Me too. CASUAL

I don’t like coffee. Neither do I.

I bought neither a pen nor a pencil. grammar-book

I didn’t buy (either) a pen or a pencil. authentic

 

compound sentence with ‘nor’

We didn’t go to the museum, nor did we go to the art gallery. grammar-book English

 

AUTHENTIC

We didn’t go to the museum or the art gallery. SIMPLE SENT

 

I am looking for students who are speaking (either) English or their mother tongue.

 

She is going to get (either) an ice cream or an iced coffee.

 

 

FANBOYS for and nor but or yet so

 

SIMPLE SENTENCES- yet

Not, yet.

I didn’t have my supper/dinner, yet.

He didn’t finish his homework, yet. SIMPLE SENT

I don’t know yet.

I didn’t buy it yet. I’m waiting for a sale.

CONTRACTION I am – I’m   ‘ apostrophe

 

‘yet’ for compound sentences

It is a sunny day, yet it is chilly. low-frequency

 

AUTHENTIC

It is a sunny day, but it is chilly.

It is a sunny day; however, it is chilly.

 

Use ‘but’ ‘however’

 

It is a sunny day. However, it is chilly. 2 SIMPLE SENT

It is a sunny day; however, it is chilly. 1 COMPOUND SENT

 

FANBOYS for and nor but or yet so

SOBA- so or but and

These are the high-frequency coordinating conjunctions: SOBA

 

Soba are Japanese buckwheat noodles.

 

Italian explorer- Marco Polo went to China.

Chinese noodles- Italian spaghetti?

rice noodles, semolina noodles

Japan – buckwheat noodles

 

We will focus on:  , so   , or   , but   , and

 

 

EXAMPLES of SOBA   , so   , or   , but   , and

 

, so- give a reason, result

My friend was sick. I went to visit her. 2 SIMPLES

My friend was sick, so I went to visit her. 1 COMPOUND

 

I went to visit her, so my friend was sick. XXX

cause and effect XXX

 

 

It is raining. You brought an umbrella. 2 SIMPLES

It is raining, so you brought an umbrella. 1 COMPOUND

 

It is going to rain, so don’t forget your umbrella.

Don’t forget your umbrella. IMPERATIVE no ‘you’

 

She is hungry, so she needs to eat something.

SLANG hungry + angry = hangry

I am hangry. I need a snack.

I am hangry, so I need a snack.

snack  snake

 

 

The weather was rainy, so we decided to stay (at) home.

 

 

, or – choice, A or B

You can go to school, or you can go to work.

 

Would you like pizza, or would you prefer pasta? COMPOUND

Would you like pizza or pasta? SIMPLE

 

Would you like coffee or tea? SIMPLE SENT

Would you like coffee, or would you prefer tea? COMPOUND

SV, or SV.

 

 

 

 

REVIEW OF COMPOUND SENTENCES

 

COMPOUND SENT= SIMPLE SENT + , SOBA + SIMPLE SENTENCE

SOBA so or but and High-frequency words

high-frequency- use them all the time, all day long

low-frequency- not used as much

 

FANBOYS- not great

for nor yet - low-frequency words in compound sentences

She speaks neither French nor German. GRAMMAR BOOK ENGLISH

 

Stick to SOBA.

 

SV, SOBA SV.

Two simple sentences:

You like dogs. Shira likes cats.

JOIN THEM TOGETHER

You like dogs, and/but Shira likes cats.

 

, or – two different options

You can have an apple, or you can have some candy.

 

, so- give a reason, explain why

You drove too fast, so you got a ticket.

 

LEVEL 1 of compound sentences:  SV, SOBA SV.

 

Let’s try some practice sentences. Write a few compound sentences using SOBA from our imagination.

 

YOUR EXAMPLES:

You can have coffee, or you have tea.

You can have coffee or tea. SIMPLE SENT no ,

 

I can buy an SUV or a sedan. SIMPLE SENT

I can buy an SUV, or I can choose a sedan.

SUV- sport-utility vehicle

sedan- four-door car with a trunk

hatchback- the back open into the body of the car

pickup truck- open bed on the back

convertible- the roof comes off

 

You have to slow down, or you will get a ticket.

 

She is late today because her bus didn’t come.  COMPOUND

COMPLEX- because her bus didn’t come  ADVERB CLAUSE

NEXT WEEK

RW- FIX

Her bus didn’t come, so she is late today.

 

Verb tenses don’t to be same within a sentence.

You can change verb tenses within a sentence if it is appropriate.

 

Maria cancelled the trip, so we will stay home.

Maria cancelled the trip, so we stayed home.

 

IDIOM What she says, goes.

What he says, goes.

She wears the pants in the family.

Who has the last word?

 

IDIOM breadwinner- a person who earns money for the family

Both of them are breadwinners.

 

bread- staple- main food in the west

potato- staple

Rice is a staple in Asia.

 

IDIOM bread- money

SLANG- used by a small group in society, e.g. teenagers

Your drip is on point.

 

SV, SOBA SV.

 

She studied hard last week, but she still got a lower mark.

 

 

VOCAB hard / hardly

hard- with great effort

hardly- almost nothing

 

You work hard. -lots of effort, industrious, hardworking

He hardly works. – little effort, lazy

 

Flaggers are the sign people.

TCP- traffic control personnel

 

VOCAB personnel(noun)- the people who work in a company

personal(adjective)- private, secret, just for you

Don’t give out your personal information.

The company is hiring new personnel.

personnel, staff – non-count noun, uncountable nouns

 

 

 

REVIEW:

SV, SOBA SV.

soba- , so , or , but , and

You can stay home with mom, or you can go downtown with me.

 

NEXT LEVEL OF COMPOUND SENTENCES

; semicolon

semicomma

: colon

 

semi-half

They live in a semi-detached house. a duplex

They painted the trim with semi-gloss paint.

The team won the semi-finals.

 

colon- list

She has three kids: two boys and a girl.

He has visited four provinces: BC, Alberta, Nova Scotia, and Ontario.

I am taking two classes: Math 11 and EF6.

 

; semicolon

Mei likes cats. Jun likes dogs.

Mei likes cats, and Jun likes dogs.

Mei likes cats, and ; Jun likes dogs. substitute a semicolon

Mei likes cats; Jun likes dogs.

 

It is cold today, so she has a scarf on.

scarf- neck

headscarf – around your head and hair

bandana-

sweatband-

toque- knitted winter hat

 

It is cold today. She has a scarf on. 2 SIMPLE SENT

It is cold today, so she has a scarf on. I COMPOUND SENT

It is cold today; she has a scarf on. 1 COMPOUND SENT

 

 

 

HIGHEST LEVEL FOR COMPOUND SENTENCES

It is cold today; TRANS, she has a scarf on.

transitional term- go between independent clauses

 

It is cold today; TRANS, she has a scarf on.

 

*consequence- reason why, result

It is cold today; therefore, she has a scarf on.

She had a lot of chocolate bars; as a result, her blood sugar is high.

Mei likes cats; Jun likes dogs.

*contrast

Mei likes cats; however, Jun likes dogs.

Mei likes cats; on the other hand, Jun likes dogs.

On one hand, Mei likes cats; on the other hand, Jun likes dogs.

On one hand, I like living in Vancouver; on the other hand, my family lives in Prince George.

on the other hand – contrasting two things

IDIOM – give someone a hand- help someone

give a hand- applause

 

Mei loves hiking. She loves skiing.

Mei loves hiking, and she loves skiing.

Mei loves hiking; she loves skiing.

Mei loves hiking; also, she loves skiing.

HIGH LEVEL WRITING Mei loves hiking; in addition, she loves skiing.

Mei loves hiking; additionally, she loves skiing.

 

IDIOM It went down the wrong pipe.

 

There are hundreds of transitional terms.

happily sadly

He asked her to marry him; happily, she said “Yes.”

He asked her to marry him; sadly, she turned him down.

IDIOM turn someone down-

surprisingly  The old man fell down the stairs; surprisingly, he was fine.

I found the English 11 class really hard; surprisingly, I passed with a good mark/grade.

SV ; TRAN, SV

 

eventually She ran a little bit each day for two weeks; eventually, she was able to run 2 km without stopping.

 

literally(adv)- very popular in the past 10 years

 

SIMPLE. TRANS, SIMPLE.

There are many steps to becoming a Canadian citizen. First, you have to fill out the forms.

There are many steps to becoming a Canadian citizen; first, you have to fill out the forms.

*Semicolons are not high-frequency. You can still use the transitional terms between sentences.

 

Mei likes dogs. Jun likes cats.

Mei likes dogs; however, Jun likes cats.

Mei likes dogs. However, Jun likes cats. VERY COMMON USAGE

 

SO FAR

Mei likes dogs. Jun likes cats. two simples

Mei likes dogs, but Jun likes cats. compound

Mei likes dogs; Jun likes cats. compound

Mei likes dogs; however, Jun likes cats. compound

Mei likes dogs. However, Jun likes cats. two simples

 

**

Let’s try some exercises.

 

1.    David likes to swim. He hates to hike.

David likes to swim, but he hates to hike.

David likes to swim. On the other hand, he hates to hike.

David likes to swim; on the other hand, he hates to hike.

 

4. Jill should show up on time; otherwise, she will not be able to enter.

Jill should show up on time, or she will not be able to enter.

Jill should show up on time; if not, she will not be able to enter.

 

 

NO black and white:

Jill should show up on time or else she will not be able to enter.

Jill should show up on time, or else she will not be able to enter.

 

 

Jill should show up on time; she will not be able to enter.

 

6. Irene likes to draw. Rita likes to draw.

Irene likes to draw, and Rita likes to draw.

Irene and Rita like to draw. SIMPLE

Irene and Rita both like to draw. SIMPLE

 

Both Irene and Rita like to draw. SIMPLE

 

Irene likes to draw; also, Rita likes to draw.

 

Not only Irene, but also Rita likes to draw. GRAMMAR BOOK

 

Irene likes to draw; in addition, Rita likes to draw.

Irene likes to draw; similarly, Rita likes to paint.

Irene likes to draw; likewise, Rita likes to draw.

 

This is a gold mine. It will take a long time to get all of the gold out.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10. It’s important to put your goals in writing. You must also be committed to achieving them.

It’s important to put your goals in writing, and you must also be committed to achieving them.

It’s important to put your goals in writing; you must also be committed to achieving them.

It’s important to put your goals in writing; furthermore, you must also be committed to achieving them.

It’s important to put your goals in writing; on the other hand, you must also be committed to achieving them.

 

9. The dangers of smoking are well-known. Many people continue to smoke.

The dangers of smoking are well-known; however, many people continue to smoke.

The dangers of smoking are well-known; nevertheless, many people continue to smoke.

It is raining now; nevertheless, we will still go out.

 

Tom Cruise is a well-known movie star.

 

We’ll continue tomorrow.

 

IDIOM at the end of the day - summarizing

 

 

CONTINUE THURSDAY