EF5/6 Noun clause examples

Noun Clauses

A.  Complete the sentences using noun clauses.

EX. Who is she?  I don’t know …

ANSWER I don’t know who she is.


1. What is that?
Do you know what that is? 
Do you know what is that?  X
What is that?
NOUN CLAUSE what that is.
Do you know what that is?

S V
I am happy.
Am I happy?


2. Why is Yoko angry?
I don’t understand why Yoko is angry.

3. What time does the bus come.
Can you tell me what time does the bus come?
Can you tell me what time the bus comes?


4. Who is that woman?
I wonder who that woman is.
I wonder who is that woman. X

VS
SV

5. Who did Helen talk to?
Do you know who Helen did talk to? X
Do you know who Helen talked to?

6. Who lives at that apartment?
Please tell me who lives at that apartment.

Eng10/EF7 Sentence combining quiz

1.The work crew arrived with mops, buckets, cleaning supplies and paint.

cleaning supplies 
supplies that were for cleaning UNUSUAL

2. We found Judy wandering in the bedroom and worrying about her decision to buy the little house.
We found Judy wandering in the bedroom, and she was worrying about her decision to buy the little house.

3. Everyone chose a job and began.
Every began to choose a job.

4. Jim vacuumed the cobwebs that were in every corner while Helen dismantled shelves and threw the pieces on the growing garbage pile; meanwhile, I attacked the cupboards.

5. The house was prepared for painting, and this was done slowly.
The house was slowly prepared for painting.
Slowly, the house was prepared for painting.

6. The scaffolding was delivered at noon, and the first can of paint was opened with ceremony.

When scaffolding was delivered at noon, the first can of paint was opened with ceremony.

After the scaffolding...

7. One month and gallons of paint later, Judy's house was ready for the next work crew: the movers.

: colon

He has three children: two girls and a boy.

You need two courses to graduate: Chem 12 and Eng12.

SIMPLE COMPOUND COMPLEX

EF5/6 Paragraph work for "Four Directions"

Paragraph “Four Directions”

paragraphs
STRUCTURE / FORM / INTENT
What is a paragraph?
- collection of sentences- SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX

BIG MESS

- disorganized, too long

6-7 sentences

retold the story, PLOT PLOT PLOT



EXAMPLE
Why did the mother yell at her daughter?

1 What does the teacher want me to do?
2. Generate ideas
1- mother was upset that the daughter quit chess
2-mother was trying to teach the daughter a life lesson
3- telling the daughter that she can’t quit and go back easily
- daughter’s attitude upset her mother
- mother was embarrassed because daughter yelled at her on the street
3. Organize- IMPORTANCE, TIME, SPACE
IMPORTANCE




4.Rough copy

Why did the mother yell at her daughter?

first sentence should focus on the question
copy some of the vocab of the question, use synonyms

Why did the mother yell at her daughter?

The mother yelled at the daughter for three reasons.
The mother yelled at the daughter because she upset at her.

IMPORTANCE- best point last
3- telling the daughter that she can’t quit and go back easily
2-mother was trying to teach the daughter a life lesson
1- mother was upset that the daughter quit chess
The first reason is the mother wanted the daughter to understand that she couldn’t quit things and start them easily in life.
Secondly, the mother was trying to teach the daughter a life lesson about how to be responsible.
Most importantly, the mother was quite upset that the daughter quit chess because the daughter lost her ability to play at a high level.











5. Edit

Why did the mother yell at her daughter?

The mother yelled at the daughter for three reasons.
The first reason is the mother wanted the daughter to understand that she couldn’t quit things and start them easily in life.
Secondly, the mother was trying to teach the daughter a life lesson about how not to be immature.
Most importantly, the mother was quite upset that the daughter quit chess because the daughter lost her ability to play at a high level.
In conclusion, the mother yelled at the daughter for the reasons stated above.
In brief, the mother yelling at the daughter represented a big change in their relationship.


Why did the mother yell at her daughter?

The mother yelled at the daughter for three reasons. The first reason is the mother wanted the daughter to understand that she couldn’t quit things and start them easily in life. Secondly, the mother was trying to teach the daughter a life lesson about how not to be immature. Most importantly, the mother was quite upset that the daughter quit chess because the daughter lost her ability to play at a high level. In conclusion, the mother yelled at the daughter for the reasons stated above.


WHEN MARKING
1. Format
2. TOPIC SENTENCE!!!!!
3. Examples
4. Quality of sentences- SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX

EF5/6 Compound sentences

COMPOUND SENTENCES

S V.               S V.
I like coffee. She likes tea.

PUT THEM TOGETHER. COMBINE THEM.

I like coffee XXX  she likes tea.

FANBOYS for and nor but or yet so

I like coffee, but she likes tea.

, but but

******

I like coffee, but I hate tea. COMPOUND

I like coffee but hate tea. SIMPLE

******

FANBOYS is a lie!!

for and nor but or yet so

She has a hat on, for it is cold. XXX

I am waiting for you. DIFFERENT 'for'

He doesn't speak French, nor does he speak German. XXX

He doesn't speak French or German.

It is sunny today, yet it chilly. XXX

'yet' very fancy, old-fashioned 'but'

FANBOYS

LOW FREQUENCY- NOT COMMONLY USED

FANBOYS

ABOS ASOB BOSA SOBA

SOBA- so or but and HIGH FREQUENCY

It is sunny today, but it is chilly. COMPOUND

KME p110

SOBA

either... or

Either you can drive tonight, or I can.

Either you bring the picnic basket, or Shelley will.

Either you drive your car to school, or you take the bus.

One or the other.

You can either go to the party, or you can stay home.

neither... nor NOT COMMONLY USED

Neither you have the picnic basket , nor do I.

not only... but also 

Not only is she a CEO, but also she is a mother of four.

Not only is she a CEO, but also she is a mother of four. FANCY, JOB INTERVIEW, PRESENTATION

and

She is a CEO, and she is a mother of four. EVERYDAY, CASUAL

CEO = chief executive officer, big boss

EXAMPLES- Make up a few of your own

Manila and Miami are both pretty hot. SIMPLE
Manila is pretty hot, and Miami is hot, too. COMPOUND
Manila and Miami are both pretty hot, so they attract lots of tourists. COMPOUND

English 12 and Chemistry 12 are difficult subjects, but they are required for college. COMPOUND

Here's your birthday gift from me, and you can open it. COMPOUND
Here's your birthday gift from me, but I didn't have time to wrap it. COMPOUND


Here's your key for the condo, so you can move in tomorrow if you want. COMPOUND


,and ,but ,so ,or 

My parents argue all the time, so I think that they misunderstand each other.

Janice is a very talented woman, but John took her for granted.

I bought a shirt for you, and I hope you like it.

My teacher showed me the mistake, so I revised my composition.

My son and my daughter are pretty tall, so they can play volleyball well.

You want to be able to write these types of sentences consistently. continuous, over and over and over again, reliable

What kind of sentence am I writing?

SIMPLE COMPOUND COMPLEX

COMPOUND

; semicolons

; however,

I bought a shirt for you, but it might be too small.

I bought a shirt for you, but ; however, it might be too small.

I bought a shirt for you; however, it might be too small.

, but = ; however,

EF5/6 Simple sentences

Simple sentences-
Ex.27
8. compound predicate, interrogative
Did you finish and check the document?
How did you write and present/give your lecture? 
9
10. The kids ran and played in the park.

Ex.28
1. Anna loves to sing and act.
I washed the dishes and wiped the counters.

subject verb object
The cat ate the mouse.

4. Manila and Miami are both pretty hot.
English 12 and Chemistry 12 are difficult subjects.

8. Here's your birthday gift from me. 
Here's your key for the condo.
Here's your lottery ticket. Good luck.

10. imperative - order, tell it!
Close the door and lock it.
Come in and sit down.
Sit and stay.
Work hard and be honest.

SIMPLE SENTENCES- basis of all writing

EF 7/ English10 Sentences

* he is brave to face- not English phrasing, direct translation

He is brave when he faces his problems.

He faces his problems bravely.

He faces with problems with courage.

synonyms- brave, courageous (adj)

                   bravery, courage (n)

* she is easy to learn English - not English, direct translation

She is easy to learn English.

English is easy to learn for her.

She learns English easily.

* hardly, hard

He works hard. Lots of effort.

He hardly works. Lazy.

I hardly understand this math.

She works hardly.

She works hard.

She is a hard-working doctor veterinarian.

* even though..., but...

Even though she is tired, but she still works hard. COMPOUND

Even though she is tired, but she still works hard.

COMPLEX

Because it is cold, so he is wearing a scarf.

Because it is cold, so he is wearing a scarf.

MIXING SENTENCE STYLES

*And he took a train

But the kids saved the pheasants.

But However, the kids saved the pheasants.

On the other hand/Nevertheless, the kids saved the pheasants.

ACADEMIC WRITING- SCHOOL WRITING

And = Also, On top of that, Moreover, Besides,

*let her to go

CAUSATIVE VERBS- verb that make other verbs happen

ask

I ask you to make supper. 'ask' makes 'make' happen

help

She helps her sister to clean the room. 'help' makes 'clean' happen

help, allow, invite, require, motivate, get, convince, hire, assist, encourage, permit, employ, force, compel, tell, ask.

  

hire

I hired a teenager to mow the lawn

She employs three salespeople to work in her store.

employer, employee

tell

I tell my son to stop arguing with his sister.

I tell/invite you to fix your sentences.

'let' - does not translate well

let- allow

I let my son play XBox.

I allow my son to play XBox.

* He against my idea. NOT ENGLISH

against- prep

He is against my idea.

She argues against the tax hike.

Good ideas. Sentences need to be stronger. SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX

Able to write three basic styles consistently- ready for UBC.

EF5/6 Types of paragraphs

Types of paragraphs:

Narrative- narrator, tells a story, personal
"Write about your first day in Vancouver."
gets people writing, easy to get content/information

TIME order- chronological, Chronos Greek god of time
Use time words- first, firstly, second, following that, then, next, after that, one hour later, finally, in the end

Descriptive- describe details of how something looks, feels, tastes...
5 senses- our connection to the world
1. touch
2. sight
3. smell
4. taste
5. hearing

6th sense- tell the future, Extra Sensory Perception, feeling, instinct, mindreading, psychic

Which sense is most important to you?
Which sense do we have most vocabulary for?

touch- soft, hard, smooth, rough, cold, warm
similes "like a peach"

smell- stinky, gross, sweet, fragrant, flowery, fruity

taste- sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

hearing- loud, volume, annoying, screechy

sight- colour, shape, size, shadow
rainbow colours in order- red orange yellow green blue indigo violet

Roy G. Biv

Isaac Newton



sense of humour
common sense- not foolish "horse sense"

Describe a mountain - top to bottom, bottom to top, zoom
Organize PHYSICALLY


Process/Expository- teach, explain how to do something
Step by step
Beginning level to more advanced level
TIME, becoming more complicated


Persuasive- persuade, convince
provide evidence, reasons
"Why should you learn English?"
"Why should a person finish high school?"
3,4,5 reasons for a paragraph

IMPORTANCE- most important reason last



Compare contrast -Eng10

EF5/6 Noun clauses

adjective clauses
noun clauses

"that" "which" "who"


adjective describes a noun
The cat that has white paws is cute.

noun clause- thing, noun
She knows that she has to move to a new city.

separating those two things- practice, time

You can talk to whoever you want. noun
You can talk to any person.

The person who you need to talk to is over there.
adjective clause- describes 'person', not a thing by itself, describes something else

The phone which you bought is nice. adj- describes/modifies 'phone'

Whichever phone you want to get is ok with me.
noun clause + adj cl

You can choose whichever phone. noun clause

The point is not to know the grammar. The point is to be able to write many different styles of sentences.

SENTENCE STYLES
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX

SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX is everything you need to go to UBC.

GOOD SENTENCE WRITING!

Confidence!

EF5/6 adverb clause quiz

1. May sent a card to her daughter who was having her 30th birthday.
May who was having her 30th birthday sent a card to her daughter. Meaning?
2.John is ironing a shirt that he needs for an interview.
3. Here's the book that you thought that you lost.
4. Maria who has white paws got a puppy. X
Maria got a puppy that has white paws.
5. Fred has a lot of friends that he met in college.
6. That math class that is hard is online. 

EF5/6 Noun clauses

Adjective clauses - 
Adverb clauses - 
Noun clauses - very useful, use it everyday

that - also used with adjective clauses

VERBS- think, say, feel, know, believe, guess, remember, understand, realize

"She said that she would be late."
"He thinks that she is telling the truth."
"I think that it will rain." "I think that it will be sunny all day."

"I think that it will rain."
"I think,it will rain." VERY NATURAL

"I think, it will rain." X

She said that she would be late.
She said, "I will be late." Direct speech
Her son said, "I need $5 for school." Exact words
Her son said that he needed $5 for school. NOUN CL

We think that Vancouver is a nice city.
I don't think that Vancouver is a nice city.
He doesn't think that he will get the job.

whomever

how
She knows how to speak English. NATURAL
She knows how she can get a job. MODEL
She knows how she can to get a job. NATURAL

what
He didn't understand what he said.
I know what you mean. I understand.
I don't know what you want.
I don't know what to do. NATURAL
I don't know what I should do. MODEL

whatever
You can order whatever you want.
You can do whatever you want to do in life.
You can do whatever you set your mind to.

why
We don't know why she is so happy.
I don't know why you are always late.

whoever
You can be whoever you want to be.
The puppy wants to play with whoever he sees.



It bothers me that you don't wash the dishes.

Ex19
6.I don't understand why you did it.
Why did you do it?

7. Mariola knows what to do next.
Mariola knows what she should do next.

10. A good rub is what you need.
What you need is a good rest.
What you need is something to eat.

Ex.21
1. what
I'm not sure what to make for supper.
2. why
She doesn't know why her phone isn't working.
3. how
How can I get some food?
I will ask how I can get some food.
4. when
Did you decide when you will take your vacation?
I have decided when I will go.

5.This is a song that I wrote for my mother. ADJ CL
I know that he is not the one for you. N CL

6.whatever
Whatever makes you happy. SPEAKING
Whatever makes you happy is ok with me.
Whatever happens, life will not stop.
Whatever happens, the sun will still come up tomorrow.
Whatever happens, happens.

7. I don't remember where I put my keys/glasses.
8. She doesn't know who sent her a dozen roses.
creepy - feels weird

9. I don't know which car is better for me.

10. whoever
Whoever wrote this song died a hundred years ago.
Whoever build this house did a great job.

Friday- Quiz on noun clauses

Eng10/ EF7 Sentence combining Sheet #3

4. That may be true; however, I have often wondered why it has to be that way. COMPOUND
That may be true; however, I have often wondered why it has to be that way. 
That may be true, but I have often wondered why it has to be that way. COMPOUND

Stubborn- 

5. Why is it impossible to have everything and to be completely satisfied? SIMPLE
Why is it impossible to have everything and be completely satisfied? SIMPLE

6. illustration = example

If you think about the illustration of the cake, it does not make sense. COMPLEX
When you think about the illustration of the cake, it does not make sense.
The illustration of the cake does not make sense when you think about it. FANCIER COMPLEX

7. Who would make a cake and not enjoy eating it afterward? SIMPLE
Who would make a cake but not enjoy eating it afterward?

8. If you consider it carefully, there is definitely something wrong with the logic of the illustration. COMPLEX
There is definitely something wrong with the logic of the illustration when you consider it carefully.

"You cannot have your cake and eat it, too." EXPRESSION, ADAGE, SAYING

dollar = buck SLANG $

loonie $1 coin "loon" bird
1987- stupid idea "loony" SLANG crazy


Proofreading

1. a very important
2. try
3. make
4. one of the guidelines
5.
6. him
7. Instead,
8. the animal, attacks
9. 
10. is a good experience
11. This example shows
12.
13.

Editing business- 


He made the dream end.
CAUSATIVE VERB
help make ask invite

He helped her move. to move
He asked her to move. to move

ask "I ask a question."
 "She asked her sister to wash the dishes."

Eng10/EF7 Quality of sentences

Quality of sentences- 

Good points. Well organized. Sentences are a bit weak.

TYPES OF SENTENCES:
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX

Shorter, clear sentences
Struggling with long long complicated sentences.

What's your approach?
Fundamental styles

Tennis- forehand, backhand, volley

Not low-level ESL, academic work, getting ready for college, university, jobs

You are your own best teacher.

How to learn these basic styles?

Most effective way - sentence combining

EF5/6 Ancestor poem

“Untitled Poem”

          The toes of my boots do not wear out

          Before the heels.

         

          The knees of my pants are not reinforced

          With leather pads.

         

          My belt does not hold

          Loops for tools.

          My pocket does not hold

          A picture of my children and a crucifix

          My lunch bucket does not hold a treat for the pit ponies

          Who are blind from having never seen the sun.

          My hands are not cracked

          With black lines of dirt,

          One hand larger than the other.

         

          My lungs are not black

          With coal dust, coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

          My eyes are not ringed

          With greasy soot that stays despite the lye soap.

          My face is not crusted

          With coal dust and dirt.

          Yet I feel his giant strength in my blood,

          And I won't ever work in the pit.

          And that is what he wanted.

EF5/6 adverb clauses

although
I want to go to the beach although it is cold.
Although it is cold, I want to go to the beach.

He is a good singer in English even though he doesn't speak English well.
Even though he doesn't speak English well, he is a good singer in English.

until - time
She always stays up until her grown children get home.

ever since- seems like a long time
She has liked The Beatles ever since she was a kid.

so that -shows a reason
He is saving his money so that he can retire at 64.

even if
When you are an adult, you have to do things even if you don't want to.

EF5/6 adverb clauses for quiz

Quiz- adverb clauses

before / after

because

if

when

since

although / though/ even though

even if

unless

while / when

so that

as...as

ever since

until

EF5/6 adjective clause quiz possible solutions

Quiz- adjective clauses
that which who

1. May bought a bicycle for her son who wanted a new one.

2. John who is leaving Vancouver got a new job in Calgary. 
John is leaving Vancouver who got a new job in Calgary. X

John who got a new job in Calgary is leaving Vancouver.

3. Here's the key that you have been looking for.

4. Maria who bought some BC wine enjoys wine from all over the world.

Maria who enjoys wine from all over the world bought some BC wine.

5. Jung has a lot of missiles that are tipped with nuclear bombs.

6. The English test that is on adjective clauses is not easy.

RETEST- optional

4/6 + 5/6 = average 4.5/6

2/6 + 6/6 + 4/6

6/6 + 2/6 = 4/6

6/6 + X = 6/6

Tuesday retest

EF5/6 Adverb clauses

Adverb clauses- very very useful

MOST USED- HIGH FREQUENCY
because
if
when

SV
because
"He is wearing a sweater because it is chilly today."
"Because it is chilly today, he is wearing a sweater."

Don't start a sentence with 'because'.

Because it is chilly today. NOT A COMPLETE SENTENCE

if - maybe yes, maybe no, conditional
"If you are tired, you should take a nap."
"You should take a nap if you are tired."

when - time
"I have supper when I get home."
"When I get home, I have supper ."

because if when


KME pp99-100 Adverb clause words

TIME
since / ever since
"She has lived in Vancouver since she moved here in 2016."
"She has lived in Vancouver ever since she moved here in 1975." SEEMS LIKE A LONG TIME
"I have been waiting for the bus ever since I sat down at 1:45."
"We have been married ever since 2010."

when / while
"The glass broke when it fell off the table."
"The glass broke while she was cooking supper."
while- during a period of time

"I don't like to play music while the kids are doing their homework. It's distracting."

after / before
She goes for a walk after supper.
She goes for a walk after  S V supper.
She goes for a walk after she eats supper.

wherever - any time
"She is a citizen of the world. She feels at home wherever she goes."

"Where's my book?" "Wherever you left it." SPEAKING

even if / if

"A She will come to your party B if you invite her."

B affects A

"A She will come to your party B even if you don't invite her."

B does not affect A

"You have to do your homework even if you don't want to."

 provided that = if VERY IMPORTANT THINGS
"I will come to your party if I don't have to work."
"I will get a new job in the bank provided that the interview goes well." if
"His father should recover from the heart attack provided that he exercises and eats healthier."

in order that = the purpose
"She is saving money in order that she can go on vacation in Hawaii."
"She is saving money in order that she can to go on vacation in Hawaii." MORE USUAL
"We are studying English in order to build a better life in Canada." 

if only - daydreaming about something
"If only I were young again, I would ..."
"I would be happy if only I had $1 000 000 000."
1 000 000 million
1 000 000 000 billion
1 000 thousand
10 000 ten thousand
100 000 hundred thousand

1
10
100
1000

as if - looks like but isn't
"She spends money as if she were a millionaire."
"The way she spends money, you would think she was rich."
"If I were young, I would ..."
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
"If I was young, I would ..." WRONG, SMALL MISTAKE

though / even though / although SAME MEANING

even though
"He is very good at piano even though he is only six years old."
"She is running in the park even though it is raining."
"She will run in the park even if it rains."

since = time, because
"I can't go to the movie since I have no money." REASON
"She has been very happy since she got divorced." TIME REASON

so ... that  "... ellipsis"

"I like dogs, cats, fish ......" NOT ENGLISH

... MISSING WORDS

"It is so cold that I got a fever."
so ADJECTIVE that
"The new iphone X is so expensive that I can't afford it."
"The girl is so smart that she wins all of the school awards."

so that
"She is studying hard so that she can go to UBC."
"She is studying hard, so she can go to UBC."
DIFFERENT STYLE- VERY SIMILAR MEANING

as ... as
"She is as tall as her mother."
"He can run as fast as the older kids."
"He can not run as fast as the older kids."
"EF 6 is not as hard as English 10."
"You can eat as much as you want."
"Take as much as you need."

E10/EF7 Possible topic sentences

narrative
I remember the day when I had to be honest with myself- I loved Smurfs.

When I saw the $20 fall out of her pocket, I knew that I had to be honest and give it back to her.

expository
If you want to be an honest person, you must always do these three things.

persuasive

Being an honest person can be difficult, but it can great rewards, such as the respect of others, the trust of others, and personal integrity.

Monday paragraph on "I Confess"

E10/EF7 Coherence

WtC pp18-22

Coherence, coherent - organized, makes sense, easy to follow
incoherent

Different organization for these paragraphs
Narrative, tell a story, step by step, beginning to end, order of TIME, Chronological Wtc p18

Chronos - God of Time
chronograph- watch

Descriptive- order of physical space, top to bottom, side to side, zoom

Expository- teach, "how to", TIME

Persuasive- convince, ORDER OF IMPORTANCE- BEST REASON LAST

Coherence - organized by TIME, SPACE or IMPORTANCE

Descripion- appealing to the five senses- sight, touch, hearing, taste, smell

SIGHT- visual, most vocab., colour, size, shape, 

What manner of coherence will you use? TIME, SPACE, IMPORTANCE

PRACTICE: BROADER TOPIC: People learn from their mistakes.

Narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive, compare/contrast, synthesis 

YOU HAVE TO DECIDE!!!

"Honesty"

Narrative- 
Descriptive- 
Expository- 
Persuasive-

PREWRITING- planning, no sentences

EF5/6 Adjective clause exercises

Exercise: Adjective Clauses

Directions: Combine two sentences together to make one sentence. Put the adjective clause after the noun that it describes. You can use "who", "that" or “which” to put the clauses together.
Example: The student is a very nice person. / She comes from Japan.
                The student who comes from Japan is a very nice person.
 1. We sent a package to our relatives. They live in Calgary.
     We sent a package to our relatives who live in Calgary.
    We sent a package to our relatives who are living in Calgary.

2. The woman works in a restaurant. She sits next to me in class.
    The woman who sits next to me in class works in a restaurant.
    The woman works in a restaurant who sits next to me in class. X

   I gave a table that has three legs to my sister.
   I gave a table to my sister that has three legs. X

I gave a table to my sister, and it has three legs. COMPOUND SENTENCE- NEXT WEEK

3. That's the book. Everyone is reading it.
    That’s the book which everyone is reading.

4. Her phone is on the table. It is buzzing.
    Her phone which is on the table is buzzing.

5. We bought some BC peaches. Our neighbor told us they were on sale.
    We bought some BC peaches that our neighbor told us were on sale.

6. The car has a bad engine. I bought it last month.
   The car which I bought last month has a bad engine.
    I bought a car last month that has a bad engine.
  The car has a bad engine which I bought last month. Different meaning

  The phone that I bought last week has a four inch screen.
The phone has a four inch screen that I bought last week.


7. I lived in an apartment building. It had a very slow elevator.
  I lived in an apartment building that had a very slow elevator.

8. You should see a doctor. He can help you with your back problems.
   You should see a doctor who can help you with your back problems.
 


9. The snowstorm was extremely powerful. It hit Montreal.
   WRITING STYLE
   The snowstorm that hit Montreal was extremely powerful.
   The snowstorm that was extremely powerful hit Montreal.

  The girl who has blue eyes is my girlfriend.
   The girl who is my girlfriend has blue eyes.

 
10. We saw the woman at the grocery store. She lives next door to us.
    We saw the woman who lives next door to us at the grocery store.

11. My wife returned the pants. They were too big for me.
    My wife who was too big for me returned the pants. X
     My wife returned the pants that were too big for me.

12. Halifax is the capital of Nova Scotia. It is a beautiful city.
     Halifax, which is the capital of Nova Scotia, is a beautiful city.
     Halifax, which is a beautiful city, is the capital of Nova Scotia.

13. The boy has a new puppy. The puppy is playing with a ball.
  The boy who is playing with a ball has a new puppy. X
   The boy has a ball which is playing with a new puppy. X
   The boy has a new puppy which is playing with a ball.

EF5/6 This is my house

“This is My House” Discussion Questions

1.  What is the message behind each of the stanzas?

2.  How do the messages change as the poem progresses?

hate to love, negative to positive, closed to open- minded, open-hearted

cold to warm, rejecting to accepting, xenophobic = fear of people who are different

3.  Which stanza best reflects your experience of living in Canada?

4.  In your opinion, which stanza best reflects the poet’s attitude?

phobia- fear

afraid of spiders = arachnophobia

afraid of mice = musophobia

EF5/6 sentence quiz

1. if you are late
If you are late, I will wait for you.
I will wait for you if you are late.
You are late.

2. Don't forget your umbrella.

3. since he got the job

since = when, time

Since he got the job, he has been busy.

I haven't seen him since he got the job.

4. I don't know what to do.

I lost my wallet, and I don't know what to do.

5. our vacation to Kelowna

Our vacation to Kelowna was unforgettable.

My brother organized our vacation to Kelowna.

6. the big white cat that has blue eyes

The big white cat that has blue eyes belongs to Dave,

The big white cat that has blue eyes is my sister's.

E10/EF7 Sentence Combining Sheet 3

1. I have never understood a certain proverb.
The proverb says, "You cannot have your cake and eat it, too."

I have never understood a certain proverb.
The proverb says, "You cannot have your cake and eat it, too."

I have never understood a certain proverb, and the proverb says, "You cannot have your cake and eat it, too." X POOR STYLE

that, which = adjective clause
I have never understood a certain proverb which says, "You cannot have your cake and eat it, too."

2. My mother once interpreted it for me, and she told me that it meant that you cannot have everything. COMPOUND
My mother once interpreted it for me; also, and she told me that it meant that you cannot have everything. COMPOUND
My mother once interpreted it for me, and she told me that it meant that you cannot have everything. 
My mother once interpreted it for me and told me that it meant that you cannot have everything. SIMPLE

3. For example, it is impossible to find a job that pays well, interests you all the time, and challenges you everyday. PARALLEL

I like cats, dogs, and feeding fish. X NOT PARALLEL
I like cats, dogs, and fish.

For example, it is impossible to find a job that pays well, interests you all the time, and challenges you everyday. 

, and and UP TO YOU, YOUR DECISION

I like dogs, cats, and fish. Oxford comma
I like dogs, cats and fish.

For breakfast I eat two eggs, some cereal, and a peanut butter and jam sandwich. HELPS TO CLARIFY

4. That may be true, but I have often wondered why it has to be that way.
That may be true; however, I have often wondered why it has to be that way.

VERB TENSE
present perfect
I have often wondered why it has to be that way.

past perfect
I had often wondered why it has to be that way.
UNCOMMON- LOW FREQUENCY
I often wondered why it has to be that way.
SUBSTITUTE SIMPLE PAST- "had wondered" "wondered"

E10/EF7 Sentence combining

Sentence types/ sentence styles

Sooooo important for school, work, career, and life!

writing- speaking is super important- casual

writing- more formal, higher level, prestige language- shows that were serious, competent

SIMPLE/ COMPOUND/ COMPLEX

Three basic styles are the foundation.

goldkeyediting@gmail.com
Gold Key Editing - college students, university students
internet business

They can't edit it themselves. fix grammar maintain voice and tone, establish style

SIMPLE COMPOUND COMPLEX- enough for college and university

Lots of ways to learn- study grammar, reading

Practical exercises- sentence combining

Sentence Combining, William Strong- college professor
not sophisticated writers- help his students

3-4 short sentences, combing them into one.

BASIC EXERCISE
The cat is white.
The cat is cute.
The cat is white.

The cat is cute.
What's important in these sentences?
The cat is white, and the cat is cute. REP
The cat is white and cute. X
The cat is cute and white.


Order of Adjectives

Opinion	Size	Age	Shape	Colour	Origin	Material	Purpose

The cute white Siamese cat is asleep.
The opaque plastic water bottle is leaking.

STYLE SHOWS YOUR INTENTION/MEANING
The white cat is cute.
The cute cat is white.

The cat which is cute is white. ADJ CL OVERCOMPLICATED

The cat is white and cute.
The cat is white but cute.
Even though the cat is white, in truth it is still cute. ACADEMIC SOUNDING, FANCY

EF5/6 City Hall rally vocab

vindicated = when you realize that you were right

spurred = cause to happen, make something happen
"She wants a new job, so that spurred her to send out resumes."

intimidate = scare somebody, frighten someone

escort (verb) - walk with you

beacon - bright light

EF5/6 adjective clauses

who that which

whom - NOT IMPORTANT. FORGET IT!!
VERY FORMAL, FANCY

"The woman who I was talking to is my good friend."

who  object

"The woman whom I was talking to is my good friend."

This is the person whom I was telling you about.

This is the person who I was telling you about.

This is the person who I was telling you about.

This is the person I was telling you about. MOST NATURAL

To whom it may concern,
To whom it might concern, X
For whom it may concern, X


WHOSE - possession, own something

I my, you your, she her, we our

"The boy was angry."
"The boy whose bicycle was stolen was angry. He became the greatest boxer of his generation."

"I whose phone was broken had to buy a new one." X Can't use 'whose' with a pronoun.
"Sarah whose phone was broken had to buy a new one."