Thursday, 7 April 2022

EF56 34 class- sentence combining, parallelism

 

English Foundations 5/6

Good morning, everyone.

We will get started at 8:30

 

Al Haley ahaley@vsb.bc.ca

Class blog: haleyshec.blogspot.com

 

We are in our final push!

 

Today’s agenda

·      Quiz – sentence combining

Quiz- 6 sentences

·      Parallelism

·      HW   Read “Penny in the Dust” for Monday. Make appropriate

notes for the Thought Questions

 

 

Quiz #6- Submit it to me by 9:10.

 

 

Friday

 

Last two weeks -First Nations

                               -sentence combining

                               -five-paragraph essay

 

 

 

 

How I read a story:

First, read it in a comfortable chair. Get the basics: setting, milieu, character, plot, conflict.

Second, read it at a desk. Look deeper: symbol, theme, conflict, dynamic character, plotline-climax, literary devices.

 

 

“Parallelism”

- having the same kinds of words in a series

series -       A, B, and C. Oxford comma, bit old-fashioned

series          A, B and C. no Oxford comma, more modern

series-        A and B.

 

A, B and C     ABC- all be the same kind of words e.g. nouns, adjectives, gerunds, adverbs

 

She sings melodically and powerfully. adverbs

Her voice is melodic and powerful. adjectives

She sings melodically  and powerful. XXX not parallel

 

Maria loves snowboarding and to hike. XXX

Maria loves snowboarding and hiking. parallel

Maria loves to snowboard and to hike. parallel

 

Maria loves to cook and (to) eat.

Maria loves to cook and loves to eat. overwritten

 

Dave has a luxury car, an expensive watch, and a flashy suit. parallel

article adjective noun

 

Dave has a luxury car, an expensive watch, and a suit. Not as good

 

Feels like something is missing.

 

 

 

 

DIFFERENT STYLE:

Maria runs while she hikes.

 

 

 

 

Parallelism

 

Parallelism is a higher-level aspect of writing style. Parallelism means using words and phrases that are similar or in structure or form. This technique adds symmetry, strength, and balance to your writing.

Words, phrases, and clauses have to go together, just like clothes. If they don’t go together well, they clash. When your writing clashes with itself, readers lose confidence in you. When they lose confidence in you, they stop reading.

Make sure lists of words, series of phrases match within your sentences:

1.       word forms for words in a series. Adjectives go with adjectives, nouns go with nouns, verbs go with verbs- INCLUDING TENSE! This is also true for adjective/noun combinations.

2.       prepositional phrases

3.       clauses. Independent clauses in compound sentences often

sound better when they are parallel.

 

A few examples of parallelism within sentences:

1.       You need to work quickly and decisively.

2.       Like father, like son.

3.       This is not only just what I wanted, but also just what I needed.

parallelism – mirroring

 

4.       Congress needs to either reduce spending or raise taxes.

5.       She is sneaky and manipulative. both adjectives

6.       In the parade the Boy Scouts presented the colors, the band marched, and the mayor rode in a convertible. SV(past tense)

7.       Mother was very busy gathering the laundry, dusting the furniture and washing the dishes. parallel- same style, good repetition

 

8.       To survive, you need water, to eat, and shelter. XXX

To survive, you need water, food, and shelter.

To survive, you need to drink water, to eat food, and to make a shelter.

rhythmic repetition

 

EASIER EXERCISES

1.       The understudy had bright green eyes, a great mass of blonde hair, and a red face.

2.       When winter comes the Joneses will have to find either a warmer house or a wood stove.

article adjective noun

 

3.       When Moe was in high school, his parents spent a good deal of time not only helping him with his homework assignments but also they participated participating with him in school activities.

He not only plays soccer but also (plays) baseball.

not only...but also – fancy replacement for ‘and’

He plays soccer and baseball.

 

He plays soccer; also, he plays baseball. COMPOUND

 

 

4.       It is better to be happy than being sad. adj vf

It is better to be happy than to be sad.

It is better to be happy than sad.

It is better to be happy than be sad. XXX

 

It is easier to take your car than take a bus to North Van.

It is easier to be organized than disorganized in your school work.

 

5.       The word for ‘left’ means "deceitful" in Italian, "awkward " in German, "malicious" in Spanish, and Russians define its meaning as "sneaky."

The word for ‘left’ means "deceitful" in Italian, "awkward " in German, "malicious" in Spanish, and ‘sneaky’ in Russian.

 

IDIOM a left-handed idea – a terrible idea

stutter- stammer- cannot speak smoothly at times, trip over words

 

6.       The contract was illegible, lengthy, and it is awkward.

 

7.       To think that you can do anything is deceiving yourself.

Thinking that you can do anything is deceiving yourself.

To think that you can do anything is to deceive yourself.

 

8.       Aspiring actors go to Hollywood to become stars and because they want to make money.

9.       The tourists amused themselves by playing shuffleboard, watching plays, and they went going to trendy restaurants in the center of the city.

 

10.     Before you order anything, you should not only check with the purchasing agent but also the comptroller.

Before you order anything, you should check not only with the purchasing agent but also the comptroller.

 

11.     The radiologist examined the MRI (both) carefully and with competence competently. adv

competent(a)- have the skills and knowledge to do a task, capable

 

12.     Please return the medical records either to Dr. Jones or (to) Dr. MacIntyre.

 

13.     This sofa is better for longevity, for appearance, and it is comfortable and for comfort.

This sofa is better for comfort and appearance.

 

longevity- last a long time

iPhones are very expensive, but they do not have good longevity.

 

14.     Succeeding at something is not necessarily the same as to get getting what you need.

15.     The process seemed to Beth both a bore boring and annoying.

The process seemed to Beth both a bore and an annoyance.

 

This is annoying. This is an annoyance.

 

 

Taken from https://webapps.towson.edu/ows/modulePARALLELposttestPrintable.htm

 

MORE CHALLENGING EXERCISES

 

1.    The English teacher spoke in a nasal tone, unpleasantly, but conveying the information clearly and was funny.

2.    The coach told his players that they should get plenty of water, to not eat sugary snacks, and being sure they are getting plenty of sleep.

3.    Benefits of coaching include: knowing each player, helping that player to improve and to get to see that person succeed in life.

4.    At the party, my sister helped us make the cake, gathering the kids for games, clean up and to drive some kids home.

5.    Exercises that I enjoy doing are marathon running, to swim lengths in a pool, riding my bicycle in the park, and to walk along the trails in a forest.

6.    We must either change the laws about drunk driving or it will be necessary to start enforcing them more strictly.

7.    The protestors were gathering outside, held signs, starting to shout loudly and stopped the speaker from being heard.

8.    My sister-in-law loves fad diets and has tried: eating only meat, to not eat anything but rice, smoothies every morning while not restricting anything else, and fasting 12 hours a day.

9.    To my horror, my wedding dress looked stained, torn and it had wrinkles.

10.                       Our latest math instructor was enthusiastic, cracked a lot of jokes,

is demanding, and failed half the class.

 

 

 

 

 

 

English Foundations 5/6

Good morning, everyone.

We will get started at 8:30

 

Al Haley ahaley@vsb.bc.ca

Class blog: haleyshec.blogspot.com

 

We are in our final push!

 

Today’s agenda

·      Quiz – sentence combining

Quiz- 6 sentences

·      Parallelism

·      HW   Read “Penny in the Dust” for Monday. Make appropriate

notes for the Thought Questions

 

 

Quiz #6- Submit it to me by 9:10.

 

 

Friday

 

Last two weeks -First Nations

                               -sentence combining

                               -five-paragraph essay

 

 

 

 

How I read a story:

First, read it in a comfortable chair. Get the basics: setting, milieu, character, plot, conflict.

Second, read it at a desk. Look deeper: symbol, theme, conflict, dynamic character, plotline-climax, literary devices.

 

 

“Parallelism”

- having the same kinds of words in a series

series -       A, B, and C. Oxford comma, bit old-fashioned

series          A, B and C. no Oxford comma, more modern

series-        A and B.

 

A, B and C     ABC- all be the same kind of words e.g. nouns, adjectives, gerunds, adverbs

 

She sings melodically and powerfully. adverbs

Her voice is melodic and powerful. adjectives

She sings melodically  and powerful. XXX not parallel

 

Maria loves snowboarding and to hike. XXX

Maria loves snowboarding and hiking. parallel

Maria loves to snowboard and to hike. parallel

 

Maria loves to cook and (to) eat.

Maria loves to cook and loves to eat. overwritten

 

Dave has a luxury car, an expensive watch, and a flashy suit. parallel

article adjective noun

 

Dave has a luxury car, an expensive watch, and a suit. Not as good

 

Feels like something is missing.

 

 

 

 

DIFFERENT STYLE:

Maria runs while she hikes.

 

 

 

 

Parallelism

 

Parallelism is a higher-level aspect of writing style. Parallelism means using words and phrases that are similar or in structure or form. This technique adds symmetry, strength, and balance to your writing.

Words, phrases, and clauses have to go together, just like clothes. If they don’t go together well, they clash. When your writing clashes with itself, readers lose confidence in you. When they lose confidence in you, they stop reading.

Make sure lists of words, series of phrases match within your sentences:

1.       word forms for words in a series. Adjectives go with adjectives, nouns go with nouns, verbs go with verbs- INCLUDING TENSE! This is also true for adjective/noun combinations.

2.       prepositional phrases

3.       clauses. Independent clauses in compound sentences often

sound better when they are parallel.

 

A few examples of parallelism within sentences:

1.       You need to work quickly and decisively.

2.       Like father, like son.

3.       This is not only just what I wanted, but also just what I needed.

parallelism – mirroring

 

4.       Congress needs to either reduce spending or raise taxes.

5.       She is sneaky and manipulative. both adjectives

6.       In the parade the Boy Scouts presented the colors, the band marched, and the mayor rode in a convertible. SV(past tense)

7.       Mother was very busy gathering the laundry, dusting the furniture and washing the dishes. parallel- same style, good repetition

 

8.       To survive, you need water, to eat, and shelter. XXX

To survive, you need water, food, and shelter.

To survive, you need to drink water, to eat food, and to make a shelter.

rhythmic repetition

 

EASIER EXERCISES

1.       The understudy had bright green eyes, a great mass of blonde hair, and a red face.

2.       When winter comes the Joneses will have to find either a warmer house or a wood stove.

article adjective noun

 

3.       When Moe was in high school, his parents spent a good deal of time not only helping him with his homework assignments but also they participated participating with him in school activities.

He not only plays soccer but also (plays) baseball.

not only...but also – fancy replacement for ‘and’

He plays soccer and baseball.

 

He plays soccer; also, he plays baseball. COMPOUND

 

 

4.       It is better to be happy than being sad. adj vf

It is better to be happy than to be sad.

It is better to be happy than sad.

It is better to be happy than be sad. XXX

 

It is easier to take your car than take a bus to North Van.

It is easier to be organized than disorganized in your school work.

 

5.       The word for ‘left’ means "deceitful" in Italian, "awkward " in German, "malicious" in Spanish, and Russians define its meaning as "sneaky."

The word for ‘left’ means "deceitful" in Italian, "awkward " in German, "malicious" in Spanish, and ‘sneaky’ in Russian.

 

IDIOM a left-handed idea – a terrible idea

stutter- stammer- cannot speak smoothly at times, trip over words

 

6.       The contract was illegible, lengthy, and it is awkward.

 

7.       To think that you can do anything is deceiving yourself.

Thinking that you can do anything is deceiving yourself.

To think that you can do anything is to deceive yourself.

 

8.       Aspiring actors go to Hollywood to become stars and because they want to make money.

9.       The tourists amused themselves by playing shuffleboard, watching plays, and they went going to trendy restaurants in the center of the city.

 

10.     Before you order anything, you should not only check with the purchasing agent but also the comptroller.

Before you order anything, you should check not only with the purchasing agent but also the comptroller.

 

11.     The radiologist examined the MRI (both) carefully and with competence competently. adv

competent(a)- have the skills and knowledge to do a task, capable

 

12.     Please return the medical records either to Dr. Jones or (to) Dr. MacIntyre.

 

13.     This sofa is better for longevity, for appearance, and it is comfortable and for comfort.

This sofa is better for comfort and appearance.

 

longevity- last a long time

iPhones are very expensive, but they do not have good longevity.

 

14.     Succeeding at something is not necessarily the same as to get getting what you need.

15.     The process seemed to Beth both a bore boring and annoying.

The process seemed to Beth both a bore and an annoyance.

 

This is annoying. This is an annoyance.

 

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