EF3/4 noun clauses

Sentence types:

*SIMPLE
SV
SSV
SVV
Imperatives- command
Question

*COMPOUND
SV SV
, SOBA so or but and
, FANBOYS
;
; however,
; therefore,
; also,

*COMPLEX
adverb clauses
if, when, because, so that, though, although
before, after, while, until, since

adjective clauses
that, who, which

noun clauses
feel, say, think, understand, imagine, believe, know

that, why, how

noun - person, place, thing, idea
She likes ice cream.
Joe knows French.
I know that you are telling the truth.
We think that it is a beautiful sunny day.
She knows why he is late today.

that - thing
how - method
why - reason

Do you know how we can get downtown?
Do you know to get downtown?
She knows how she can speak French. strange
She knows how to speak French. natural English

Why would you do that?
I don't understand why you would do that.

I can see that you are angry with the new boss.

You say that it is wrong.

You said that I am wrong, but I think that you are wrong.

I don't believe you.
I believe that tomorrow will be better.
I think that it is going to rain tomorrow.

REAL ENGLISH
I believe that tomorrow will be better.
I think that it is going to rain tomorrow.
I believe I can fly. I believe I can touch the sky.

I think that we should have lunch.

I have faith that you will do the right thing.
I have faith that God will help me and kill my enemies.

noun clauses

noun - things, places, people, ideas
concrete noun - real physical things
abstract noun - idea, concept

noun clauses - thinking, feeling, believing

verbs - think, feel, know, believe, trust, understand, say

that, why, how

"think that" 
Mary thinks that S V.
Mary thinks that she is smarter than her brother.
I think that it will be sunny tomorrow.
I think that you're right.
I think that you're right.
I think you're right.

I don't think that I'll go to the party.

Meetup.com

I hope that you will consider using meetup.com.

Mary knows how she can get a new job.

Mary knows how to get a new job. NATURAL

Joe knows how to play piano.

Can you tell me how to get to Sesame Street?

We don't know why Joel is always so late.

We don't know why it has been getting cold so early this year.

Why isn't this computer working?

Do you know why this computer isn't working?

I don't know why this computer isn't working.

Can you tell me why the sky is blue?

Whatever you want is ok with me.

It annoys us that you chew with your mouth open.

It really bugs me when you don't pick up your clothes off the floor.

I don't understand what you mean.

I don't understand what you are talking about.

Sorry. I didn't hear what you said.

Pardon me. I didn't follow what you said.

What you need is to apologize to your girlfriend.

I don't know who she is.

Sentence types -

Paragraphs - 

Short stories -

EF3/4 Adjective clause work

Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a big city.

Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a big city.

, which is the capital of China, extra information, not essential


Beijing which is the capital of China is a big city. SMALL ERROR

South Hill Education Centre, which is on Fraser Street, is a school for adults.

Let's meet at the Starbucks which is on Georgia and Howe. LOTS OF STARBUCKS

which is on Georgia and Howe.  ESSENTIAL INFORMATION, NECESSARY

Tom Cruise, who lived in Canada when he was a kid, is 55 years old.


The Okanagan Valley, which is in central BC, is famous for fruit and wine.

Write a sentence using an adjective clause for each:

e.g. Joe bought a car. It has only three wheels left.

          Joe bought a car which has only three wheels left. SUBJ PRON

          The car that Joe bought has only three wheels left. OBJ PRON

          The car that Joe bought has only three wheels left. OBJ PRON

          The car Joe bought has only three wheels left. OBJ PRON

1.    Maria works in a restaurant. She sits next to me in class.

Maria who works in a restaurant she sits next to me in class. XXX

Maria who works in a restaurant sits next to me in class.

Maria works in a restaurant who sits next to me in class. XXX

Maria who sits next to me in class works in a restaurant.

2.    Halifax is the capital of Nova Scotia. It is a beautiful city.

Halifax, which is the capital of Nova Scotia, is a beautiful city.

3.    I bought a book. I am enjoying it.

I bought a book that I am enjoying it.

I am enjoying the book that I bought.

I bought a book which I am enjoying reading.

4.    We bought some BC peaches. They were on sale.

We bought some BC peaches that were on sale.

The peaches that we bought were on sale.

5.    The car has a bad engine. I bought it last month.

The car has a bad engine that I bought last month. XXX

 The car which/that I bought last month has a bad engine.

6.    We saw the woman at the grocery store. She lives next door to us.

We saw the woman at the grocery store who lives next door to us. MISPLACED

We saw the woman who lives next door to us at the grocery store.

I gave a table to my sister that has three legs. MISPLACED

I gave a table that has three legs to my sister.

Eng10 adjective clauses

Don't burn bridges. (English, Chinese, Turkish)

Shut the door gently. (Turkish)

Remember your way back. (Arabic)


who that which
whose
whom

Understanding and Using English Grammar Betty Azar

main clause - independent clause
subordinate clause - dependent clause

subject pronouns
She has a coat. It is made of rabbit fur.
She has a coat that is made of rabbit fur.
She has a coat that it is made of rabbit fur. XXX

Marie is a student. She studies very hard.
Marie is a student who she studies very hard.

object pronoun
Marie has a coat. She bought it at Winners. 
Marie has a coat that she bought at Winners.
that is an object
CHOICES:
Marie has a coat that she bought at Winners.
Marie has a coat she bought at Winners. NATURAL

Jan has a friend who she really likes.
who is an object
CHOICES:
Jan has a friend who she really likes.
Jan has a friend whom she really likes. UNUSUAL, VERY FORMAL
Jan has a friend she really likes.
Jan has a friend that she really likes.

A. Create a sentence that has an adjective clause, either a subject or an object pronoun.
1. Louis knows the woman who is meeting us at the airport. subject pronoun
The woman who Louis knows is meeting us at the airport. object pronoun
The woman whom Louis knows is meeting us at the airport.
The woman Louis knows is meeting us at the airport.

2. The chair that Sally inherited from her grandmother is an antique. object pronoun
Sally inherited a chair that is an antique from her grandmother. subject pronoun
Sally inherited a chair from her grandmother that is an antique. MISPLACED MODIFIER
I gave a table to my sister that has three legs. XXX
I gave a table that has three legs to my sister.

3. The bench was wet. I sat on it.
The bench that I sat on was wet. object pronoun
I sat on the bench that was wet. subject pronoun 

4. The man who I hired to paint my house finished the job in four days. object pronoun

I hired the man who painted my house and finished the job in four days. subject pronoun

I hired the man who finished the job in four days to paint my house. XXX

The man who I hired to paint my house finished the job in four days. object pronoun

Which style do you prefer?

6. The architect who Mario works with is brilliant. object pron
The architect whom Mario works with is brilliant.
object pron
The architect Mario works with is brilliant.
obj pron
Mario works with an architect who is brilliant.
subject pron

7. Mary tutors students who need extra help in geometry. subject pron
The students who Mary tutors need extra help in geometry. object pron
The students Mary tutors need extra help in geometry. object pron
The students whom Mary tutors need extra help in geometry. object pron

8. I took a picture of the rainbow that/which appeared in the sky. subject pronoun

The rainbow which I took a picture of appeared in the sky. object pronoun

First one is better. Choose that one.

Eng10 Quiz review

hurry (v)
We hurried down the road.

We were so hurry that we had to run. XXX
We were so hurried that we had to run.

hurried (adj)

worried (past tense v) (adj)
I am worried about Kanye. adj
Beyonce worried about Becky with the good hair. verb
The mother worried about her sick daughter. verb

The mother was worried about her sick daughter. adj

We were so late that we had to hurry through the airport.


SENTENCE TYPES
How well do you know them?
Are you comfortable using them?
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
- adverb clauses
- adjective clauses
THIS WEEK- noun clauses

EF 3/4 Adjective clause practice

Add an adjective clause to each of these Simple Sentences:

1. Joe went to the store.

Joe who was the boss of the company went to the store.

Joe went to the store which is on Marine Drive.

My neighbour who is named Joe went to store which is on Marine Drive.

My neighbour whose name is Joe went to store which is on Marine Drive.

2. Sarah and Jessie are going swimming.

3. The frog jumped and landed in the pond.

4. Keep your eyes open for bargains.

5. The pizza smells delicious.

6. There is a fly in the car with us.

7. Look on top of the refrigerator for the key.

8. I am out of paper for the printer.

9. Will you help me with the math homework?

10. The music is too loud for my ears.

EF 3/4 adjective clauses Exercise 5

who that which

who - people
that - people, things, animals
which - things, unique things

The little kids who were playing soccer have gone home.

My daughter took my new sweater which I bought at Winners yesterday.

The sweaters that were on sale yesterday at Winners were ugly.

subject pronouns
The girl who is the captain of the volleyball team is very enthusiastic.

object pronouns
The girl who the other kids elected as their team captain is very enthusiastic.

who is an object

CHOICES
The girl who the other kids elected as their team captain is very enthusiastic.
The girl whom the other kids elected as their team captain is very enthusiastic. VERY FORMAL, NOT COMMONLY USED, FORGET IT!
The girl that the other kids elected as their team captain is very enthusiastic.
MOST NATURAL WAY
The girl who the other kids elected as their team captain is very enthusiastic.
The girl the other kids elected as their team captain is very enthusiastic.

4. She will never forget the day that she got a promotion.

I will never forget the day when I came to Vancouver.

5. Rosa fell in love with a man whose brother 
works in Gino's restaurant.

who's - who is 
whose - possession

6. Elephants which eat plants and bushes are the largest animals in the world.
Elephants that eat plants and bushes are the largest animals in the world.
Dogs which have a great sense of smell love to chase.
Horses which run fast are beautiful racers.

Last month, my brother bought a car that it cost $12000.
Last month, my brother bought a car which cost $12000.

I have a car. It cost $12000.

I have a car that it cost $12000.
I have a car that cost $12000

Nestor met a woman. She wrote two books.
Nestor met a woman who wrote two books.
Nestor met a woman who she wrote two books.


10. Hank Crowley wore a jacket that/which had black and white stripes.
CHOICES: 
Hank Crowley wore a jacket, and it had black and white stripes. COMPOUND
Hank Crowley wore a black and white striped 
jacket. SIMPLE