Summer English Foundations 7/Composition and Literary
Studies 10
Good morning, everyone.
Today’s Agenda
·
Attendance
·
Review compound sentences
·
Begin next kind of sentence- complex sentences-
adverb clauses
·
Continue “Literary Terms” – setting, character,
plot, conflict
·
Begin “I Confess” module
·
Begin paragraph structure
Test 1 this week
Wednesday
·
MAYBE Begin verb tenses
·
Continue adverb clauses
·
Continue paragraph work
·
Continue “I Confess” module
Thursday
·
Continue adverb clauses
Prepare for quiz Friday
·
Test 1- paragraph (last 1hr)
Friday
·
Quiz 2 – adverb clauses
NEXT WEEK
-Continue verb tenses
-Continue sentence types
**
Compound Sentences Exercises- a bit higher level
Combine these simple sentences
into compound sentences. Try a variety of SOBA and semicolons with transitional
terms. Also, you can use transitional terms between simple sentences.
e.g. Vancouver is a beautiful
city. It rains a lot.
SOLUTIONS
Vancouver is a beautiful city,
but it rains a lot. SOBA
Vancouver is a beautiful city;
however, it rains a lot. ; semicolon TRANS
Vancouver is a beautiful city.
Unfortunately, it rains a lot.
1. She
loves reading mysteries. She dislikes horror stories.
2. The
train was delayed. We decided to take a bus.
The train was delayed, we decided to take a bus.
The train was delayed; as a result, we decided to
take a bus.
The train was delayed; therefore, we decided to take
a bus.
3. I
could go to the park. I could stay home and rest.
I could go to the park, or I could stay home and
rest.
I could go to the park; I could stay home and rest.
I could go to the park; alternatively, I could stay
home and rest.
I could go to the park; on the other hand, I could
stay home and rest.
I could go to the park; instead, I could stay home
and rest.
4. He
didn’t study for the test. He passed with flying colors.
5. Maria
enjoys cooking. Her sister prefers baking.
Maria enjoys cooking; however, her sister prefers
baking. DIFFERENCE between cooking and baking
Maria enjoys cooking, but her sister prefers baking.
DIFFERENCE between cooking and baking
Maria enjoys cooking; also, her sister prefers
baking. SIMILARITY between cooking and baking
Maria enjoys cooking; also, her sister prefers
baking. SIMILARITY between cooking and baking
Maria enjoys cooking, and her sister prefers baking. SIMILARITY
between cooking and baking
COMPLEX SENTENCE- adverb clauses-
will start today
Maria enjoys cooking while her sister prefers baking.
Maria enjoys cooking whereas her sister prefers
baking.
6. You
can start the project today. You can wait until next week.
7. It
was raining heavily. They continued playing soccer.
It was raining heavily; however,
they continued playing soccer.
It was raining heavily, and/but
they continued playing soccer.
likely a better choice
It was raining heavily; nevertheless,
they continued playing soccer.
VOCAB nevertheless = however
8. I
like pizza. My friend prefers burgers.
9. The
movie started late. We missed the first few minutes.
10.
She was exhausted. She finished the marathon.
11.
The dog barked loudly. The neighbors didn't
complain.
12.
They could visit Paris this summer. They could
choose to
explore Rome instead.
13.
I forgot my umbrella. I got soaked in the rain.
I forgot my umbrella, so I got soaked in the rain.
I forgot my umbrella; therefore, I got soaked in the
rain.
I forgot my umbrella; sadly/unfortunately, I got
soaked in the rain.
14.
The concert tickets were expensive. They were
worth every penny.
IDIOM worth every penny-
expensive but worth it
15.
She enjoys painting. Her brother enjoys playing
guitar.
16.
We wanted to watch a movie. The cinema was
closed.
17.
The cake looked delicious. It tasted even
better.
18.
I don’t usually like action movies. This one was
an exception.
19.
He called several times. No one answered the
phone.
He called several times; unfortunately, no one
answered the phone.
He called several times; strangely, no one answered
the phone.
VOCAB ugly(adj)
strangely(adv)
*Adverbs often or usually end in ‘ly’.
good(adj) well(adv)
quick(adj) quickly(adv)
happy happily
fast quickly fastly
He is a fast runner. adj
He runs fast. adv
Muslims fast during
the day during Ramadan. verb
VOCAB fast- not eating
You must fast for 12 hours before you have an operation. You
can have water or clear liquids. You can’t have solid food.
20.
She wanted to learn French. She also planned to
visit Paris.
**
New sentence type- complex sentences
Complex
sentences- Adverb Clause
The sentence styles we have studied so far this
quarter:
SIMPLE SV SSV
SVV SSVV Imperative Interrogative
COMPOUND SV,
SOBA SV. SV; SV. SV; TRANS, SV.
The next sentence styles will study:
COMPLEX adverb
clauses (this week)
noun
clauses (next week)
adjective
clauses (the following
week)
Adverbs-
Usually ‘ly’ words- quickly, slowly, happily, usually, etc.
well, fast, etc.
big(adj) That is a big
dog.
big(adv) CASUAL TALKING Spain will win big today.
Trump says ‘bigly’ a lot.
Mary Trump is his niece. She wrote a really good book about
the family. It is called Too Much and Never Enough.
The three most high-frequency words for adverb
clauses:
VOCAB high-frequency
words- words that we use
all the time
low-frequency
words- words we rarely use
‘because’ ‘if’ ‘when’
You can say a lot using ‘because’, ‘if’, and ‘when’.
e.g.
Martha came to
Canada as a refugee because there is a war in
her country.
VOCAB refugee- a person seeking asylum from a country that
is unsafe
He is an asylum-seeker.
VOCAB psychologist, psychiatrist
psyche – the mind
She took her daughter to a child psychologist. Her daughter
was having trouble with nightmares.
counsellor- not a doctor, have training
advisor- someone who gives advice
academic advisor, financial advisor, spiritual advisor, etc.
Martha came to Canada as a refugee because
there is a war in her country.
Martha will stay in Canada if she
gets her permanent resident status.
Martha will be
delighted when she gets her
permanent resident status.
VERB TENSE I will call
when I get home. will get
I will call when
I will get home. XXX
I called when
I got home. both simple past tense
I will call when
I arrive/reach home. unusual, low-frequrncy
word
I will call when
I get home. common, authentic
I will call
you when I arrive in Calgary. long journey, 10 hours of driving
She will call
me when she reaches Toronto.
get- local place
arrive in/at,
reach- far away
VOCAB reach-
get in touch with
I couldn’t
reach my parents (on the phone) earlier.
reach- arrive
reach- extend your hand
The little kid
couldn’t reach the cookie jar.
IDIOM
I will call
you when I get home. -get- sounds like right away
I will call
you when I am home.
VOCAB arrive, reach(v)- long journeys, long trips
if- maybe yes, maybe no, indeterminate
We will go to the beach
if it is sunny tomorrow.
We will go to the beach
if it will be sunny tomorrow. XXX
**
A HIGHER-LEVEL USE OF ‘if’
GIVING ADVICE If I
were you, I would V.
If I were you, I would call your sister.
LOW-FREQUENCY, GRAMMAR-BOOKY
Subjunctive mood- imagining an unlikely or impossible
situation
If I were you..
If I won the lottery, I would buy a solid-gold toothbrush.
If I won the lottery, I would have a solid-gold toothbrush
custom-made.
**
Two styles for sentences with adverb clauses:
1. main clause subordinate clause
We will go to the beach
if it is sunny tomorrow.
Martha is happy because
she is in Canada.
2. subordinate clause main clause
If it is sunny
tomorrow, we will go to the beach.
Because Martha is in Canada, she
is happy.*
*Note the comma usage. This is important.
TWO WAYS- same
meaning
Go home when
you are finished.
When you
are finished, go home.
You can
go home when you are finished.
When you
are finished, you go home.
You can
go home when you finish.
When you
finish, you go home.
When you
finish your work, you go home.
We will go to the mall if it rains. MAIN CLAUSE DEPENDENT CLAUSE
If it rains, we will go to the mall. DEPENDENT
CLAUSE, MAIN CLAUSE
GRAMMAR BOOKS main
clause = independent clause
subordinate
clause = dependent clause
sub- under subway, substitute,
submarine
Dependent clauses- 1.
adverb clauses
2.
noun clauses
3.
adjective clauses
WEBSITE FOR EXPLORING NEW VOCABULARY: https://www.thesaurus.com/
thesaurus- like a dictionary, gives definitions
synonyms and antonyms
If it rains, we’ll stay home. COMPOUND
We’ll stay because it is raining. COMPOUND
It is raining, so we’ll stay home.
when – time
if-possibility
If it rains, we will stay home.
When it rains, we stay home.
If you are tired, you should have/take a nap. right now
When you are tired, you should have/take a nap. every time,
always
Learning these subordinating conjunctions will expand
your ability to express your thoughts more clearly and precisely in English.
*CONTINUE
TOMORROW*
Review these for homework. Many you
will know already. Some will be
new. We’ll go over them tomorrow.
time- after, before,
since, ever since, until, when, while, whenever
place- wherever
condition - if,
even if, provided that, unless
manner- as,
as if, though, although, even though, so ... that
cause- because,
since
purpose- in
order that, in order to, so that
Let’s take a few minutes and write some complex sentences using
‘because’, ‘if’, and ‘when’. Try a variety of complex sentences. Use our
imagination. No dictionary or devices.
YOUR EXAMPLES:
My son will be very excited when he opens the closet.
When my son opens the closet, he will be very excited.
I like my home’s location the location of my home because
it is close to everything.
I like my place because it is close to everything.
VOCAB my place- my apartment, home
my area – my neighbourhood
Her place overlooks English
Bay.
Her area has lots of restaurants.
VOCAB overlook(v) 1.forget,
not do
2.have a view
Our classroom overlooks Fraser Street.
VOCAB
lots
a lot
alot
She has lots of clothes. Her closet is full.
She has a lot of clothes. Her closet is full.
*CONTINUE TOMORROW*
**
“Literary Terms”
Yesterday
-setting
-character
-plot
Today
-conflict- vs – versus(preposition) against
e.g. FIFA Spain vs France
External conflict- from the outside
-person vs person
I Confess between Mr. Wei and Wang Wei
sibling rivalry
parent and child
landlord and tenant, owner and renter
coworkers
husband and wife
manager and workers
drivers
mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, the in-laws, the outlaws
VOCAB outlaw- criminal
boxers
sports
judge and lawyer?
teacher and student
protagonist and antagonist (main character and the enemy/nemesis)
-person vs society/culture
people/citizens and government structures- police, legal system,ICE,
etc.
tenant and apartment society, COOP, STRATA council
refugees and government of the home country
non-believers vs religious people
newcomers and new language
Canadian and Newcomers and Indigenous People
athlete and team manager
teacher and administration
parliament members and parliament structures
newcomers and traditions, cultural norms
-person vs supernatural
ghosts, vampires, monsters, evil, the Devil, witches(female),
warlocks(male), zombies, etc.
Are they real?
horror movies, scary stories
-person vs technology
old people and smartphones
ChatGPT and educators
AI and people
nuclear weapons
on-line privacy
identity theft
spam
social media and kids
video games and kids
spending less time with family, more screen time
students and computers- negative or positive
addiction to devices
GMO- genetically modified organisms, genetic modification
DNA- genetic information
in your cells
stem-cell research
IVF- in vitro fertilization
-person vs nature
earthquake
forest fire
tsunami- tidal wave
flooding
wild animals
disease- Covid 19, ebola
avalanche
storm
hurricane
volcano
aging?
more wild animals
drought – no rain
dementia
Internal conflict- inside yourself
stress
lack of confidence
anxiety
indecisive
timid, shy
want to accomplish goals, but never succeed
insomnia
jealousy, envy
fighting with yourself
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