Tuesday, 14 July 2026

Summer EF7 Class 7

 

Summer English Foundations 7/Composition and Literary Studies 10

 

Good morning, everyone.

 

Today’s Agenda

·      Attendance

·      Review compound sentences

·      Begin next kind of sentence- complex sentences- adverb clauses

·      Continue “Literary Terms” – setting, character, plot, conflict

·      Begin “I Confess” module

·      Begin paragraph structure

Test 1 this week

 

Wednesday

·      MAYBE Begin verb tenses

·      Continue adverb clauses

·      Continue paragraph work

·      Continue “I Confess” module

 

Thursday

·      Continue adverb clauses

Prepare for quiz Friday

·      Test 1- paragraph (last 1hr)

 

Friday

·      Quiz 2 – adverb clauses

 

NEXT WEEK

-Continue verb tenses

-Continue sentence types

 

 

 

**

Compound Sentences Exercises- a bit higher level

 

Combine these simple sentences into compound sentences. Try a variety of SOBA and semicolons with transitional terms. Also, you can use transitional terms between simple sentences.

e.g. Vancouver is a beautiful city. It rains a lot.

SOLUTIONS

Vancouver is a beautiful city, but it rains a lot. SOBA

Vancouver is a beautiful city; however, it rains a lot. ; semicolon TRANS

Vancouver is a beautiful city. Unfortunately, it rains a lot.

 

 

1.    She loves reading mysteries. She dislikes horror stories.

2.    The train was delayed. We decided to take a bus.

The train was delayed, we decided to take a bus.

The train was delayed; as a result, we decided to take a bus.

The train was delayed; therefore, we decided to take a bus.

 

3.    I could go to the park. I could stay home and rest.

I could go to the park, or I could stay home and rest.

I could go to the park; I could stay home and rest.

I could go to the park; alternatively, I could stay home and rest.

I could go to the park; on the other hand, I could stay home and rest.

I could go to the park; instead, I could stay home and rest.

 

4.    He didn’t study for the test. He passed with flying colors.

 

 

 

 

 

5.    Maria enjoys cooking. Her sister prefers baking.

Maria enjoys cooking; however, her sister prefers baking. DIFFERENCE between cooking and baking

Maria enjoys cooking, but her sister prefers baking. DIFFERENCE between cooking and baking

Maria enjoys cooking; also, her sister prefers baking. SIMILARITY between cooking and baking

Maria enjoys cooking; also, her sister prefers baking. SIMILARITY between cooking and baking

Maria enjoys cooking, and her sister prefers baking. SIMILARITY between cooking and baking

 

COMPLEX SENTENCE- adverb clauses- will start today

Maria enjoys cooking while her sister prefers baking.

Maria enjoys cooking whereas her sister prefers baking.

 

 

6.    You can start the project today. You can wait until next week.

7.    It was raining heavily. They continued playing soccer.

It was raining heavily; however, they continued playing soccer.

It was raining heavily, and/but they continued playing soccer.

likely a better choice

It was raining heavily; nevertheless, they continued playing soccer.

VOCAB nevertheless = however

 

8.    I like pizza. My friend prefers burgers.

9.    The movie started late. We missed the first few minutes.

10.                       She was exhausted. She finished the marathon.

11.                       The dog barked loudly. The neighbors didn't complain.

12.                       They could visit Paris this summer. They could choose to

explore Rome instead.

 

 

13.                       I forgot my umbrella. I got soaked in the rain.

I forgot my umbrella, so I got soaked in the rain.

I forgot my umbrella; therefore, I got soaked in the rain.

I forgot my umbrella; sadly/unfortunately, I got soaked in the rain.

 

14.                       The concert tickets were expensive. They were worth every        penny.

IDIOM worth every penny- expensive but worth it

 

15.                       She enjoys painting. Her brother enjoys playing guitar.

16.                       We wanted to watch a movie. The cinema was closed.

17.                       The cake looked delicious. It tasted even better.

18.                       I don’t usually like action movies. This one was an exception.

19.                       He called several times. No one answered the phone.

He called several times; unfortunately, no one answered the phone.

He called several times; strangely, no one answered the phone.

 

VOCAB ugly(adj)

strangely(adv)

*Adverbs often or usually end in ‘ly’.

good(adj) well(adv)

quick(adj) quickly(adv)

happy happily

fast quickly fastly

He is a fast runner. adj

He runs fast. adv

Muslims fast during the day during Ramadan. verb

VOCAB fast- not eating

You must fast for 12 hours before you have an operation. You can have water or clear liquids. You can’t have solid food.

 

 

20.                       She wanted to learn French. She also planned to visit Paris.

 

**

New sentence type- complex sentences

 

Complex sentences- Adverb Clause

 

The sentence styles we have studied so far this quarter:

 

SIMPLE                 SV   SSV   SVV   SSVV   Imperative   Interrogative

 

COMPOUND       SV, SOBA SV.   SV; SV.   SV; TRANS, SV.

 

The next sentence styles will study:

 

COMPLEX             adverb clauses (this week)

noun clauses (next week)

adjective clauses (the following week)

 

Adverbs-

Usually ‘ly’ words- quickly, slowly, happily, usually, etc.

well, fast, etc.

big(adj)  That is a big dog.

big(adv) CASUAL TALKING Spain will win big today.

 

Trump says ‘bigly’ a lot.

Mary Trump is his niece. She wrote a really good book about the family. It is called Too Much and Never Enough.

 

 

The three most high-frequency words for adverb clauses:

VOCAB high-frequency words- words that we use all the time

low-frequency words- words we rarely use

 

 

 

 

‘because’                                  ‘if’                                    ‘when’

You can say a lot using ‘because’, ‘if’, and ‘when’.

e.g.

Martha came to Canada as a refugee because there is a war in her country.

VOCAB refugee- a person seeking asylum from a country that is unsafe

He is an asylum-seeker.

 

VOCAB psychologist, psychiatrist

psyche – the mind

She took her daughter to a child psychologist. Her daughter was having trouble with nightmares.

counsellor- not a doctor, have training

advisor- someone who gives advice

academic advisor, financial advisor, spiritual advisor, etc.

 

Martha came to Canada as a refugee because there is a war in her country.

 

Martha will stay in Canada if she gets her permanent resident status.

Martha will be delighted when she gets her permanent resident status.

 

VERB TENSE I will call when I get home. will get

I will call when I will get home. XXX

 

I called when I got home. both simple past tense

 

 

 

 

 

I will call when I arrive/reach home. unusual, low-frequrncy word

I will call when I get home. common, authentic

 

I will call you when I arrive in Calgary. long journey, 10 hours of driving

She will call me when she reaches Toronto.

 

get- local place

arrive in/at, reach- far away

 

VOCAB reach- get in touch with

I couldn’t reach my parents (on the phone) earlier.

 

          reach- arrive

 

          reach- extend your hand

The little kid couldn’t reach the cookie jar.

IDIOM

I will call you when I get home. -get- sounds like right away

I will call you when I am home.

 

 

VOCAB arrive, reach(v)- long journeys, long trips

 

 

if- maybe yes, maybe no, indeterminate

We will go to the beach if it is sunny tomorrow.

We will go to the beach if it will be sunny tomorrow. XXX

 

 

 

**

A HIGHER-LEVEL USE OF ‘if’

GIVING ADVICE  If I were you, I would V.

                               If I were you, I would call your sister.

LOW-FREQUENCY, GRAMMAR-BOOKY

Subjunctive mood- imagining an unlikely or impossible situation

If I were you..

If I won the lottery, I would buy a solid-gold toothbrush.

If I won the lottery, I would have a solid-gold toothbrush custom-made.

 

**

 

 

Two styles for sentences with adverb clauses:

1. main clause subordinate clause

We will go to the beach if it is sunny tomorrow.

Martha is happy because she is in Canada.

2. subordinate clause main clause

If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go to the beach.

Because Martha is in Canada, she is happy.*

*Note the comma usage. This is important.

 

TWO WAYS- same meaning

Go home when you are finished.

When you are finished, go home.

 

You can go home when you are finished.

When you are finished, you go home.

 

You can go home when you finish.

When you finish, you go home.

 

When you finish your work, you go home.

 

We will go to the mall if it rains. MAIN CLAUSE DEPENDENT CLAUSE

If it rains, we will go to the mall. DEPENDENT CLAUSE, MAIN CLAUSE

 

GRAMMAR BOOKS      main clause = independent clause

                                         subordinate clause = dependent clause

sub- under  subway, substitute, submarine

 

Dependent clauses-    1. adverb clauses

                                         2. noun clauses

                                         3. adjective clauses

 

WEBSITE FOR EXPLORING NEW VOCABULARY: https://www.thesaurus.com/

thesaurus- like a dictionary, gives definitions synonyms and antonyms

 

If it rains, we’ll stay home. COMPOUND

We’ll stay because it is raining. COMPOUND

It is raining, so we’ll stay home.

 

when – time

if-possibility

If it rains, we will stay home.

When it rains, we stay home.

 

If you are tired, you should have/take a nap. right now

When you are tired, you should have/take a nap. every time, always

 

Learning these subordinating conjunctions will expand your ability to express your thoughts more clearly and precisely in English.

 

*CONTINUE TOMORROW*

 

Review these for homework. Many you will know already. Some will be

new. We’ll go over them tomorrow.

 

time-                     after, before, since, ever since, until, when, while, whenever

place-                   wherever

condition -          if, even if, provided that, unless

manner-               as, as if, though, although, even though, so ... that

cause-                   because, since

purpose-              in order that, in order to, so that

 

Let’s take a few minutes and write some complex sentences using ‘because’, ‘if’, and ‘when’. Try a variety of complex sentences. Use our imagination. No dictionary or devices.

 

YOUR EXAMPLES:

My son will be very excited when he opens the closet.

When my son opens the closet, he will be very excited.

 

I like my home’s location the location of my home because it is close to everything.

I like my place because it is close to everything.

VOCAB my place- my apartment, home

my area – my neighbourhood

Her place overlooks English Bay.

Her area has lots of restaurants.

VOCAB overlook(v)      1.forget, not do

                                         2.have a view

Our classroom overlooks Fraser Street.

 

VOCAB

lots

a lot

alot

She has lots of clothes. Her closet is full.

She has a lot of clothes. Her closet is full.

 

*CONTINUE TOMORROW*

 

 

 

 

**

“Literary Terms”

Yesterday

-setting

-character

-plot

 

Today

-conflict- vs – versus(preposition) against

e.g. FIFA Spain vs France

 

External conflict- from the outside

-person vs person

I Confess between Mr. Wei and Wang Wei

sibling rivalry

parent and child

landlord and tenant, owner and renter

coworkers

husband and wife

manager and workers

drivers

mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, the in-laws, the outlaws

VOCAB outlaw- criminal

boxers

sports

judge and lawyer?

teacher and student

protagonist and antagonist (main character and the enemy/nemesis)

 

-person vs society/culture

people/citizens and government structures- police, legal system,ICE, etc.

tenant and apartment society, COOP, STRATA council

refugees and government of the home country

non-believers vs religious people

newcomers and new language

Canadian and Newcomers and Indigenous People

athlete and team manager

teacher and administration

parliament members and parliament structures

newcomers and traditions, cultural norms

 

-person vs supernatural

ghosts, vampires, monsters, evil, the Devil, witches(female), warlocks(male), zombies, etc.

Are they real?

horror movies, scary stories

 

-person vs technology

old people and smartphones

ChatGPT and educators

AI and people

nuclear weapons

on-line privacy

identity theft

spam

social media and kids

video games and kids

spending less time with family, more screen time

students and computers- negative or positive

addiction to devices

GMO- genetically modified organisms, genetic modification

 DNA- genetic information in your cells

stem-cell research

IVF- in vitro fertilization

 

 

-person vs nature

earthquake

forest fire

tsunami- tidal wave

flooding

wild animals

disease- Covid 19, ebola

avalanche

storm

hurricane

volcano

aging?

more wild animals

drought – no rain

dementia

 

Internal conflict- inside yourself

stress

lack of confidence

anxiety

indecisive

timid, shy

want to accomplish goals, but never succeed

insomnia

jealousy, envy

fighting with yourself

 

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