English 11 Causative verbs

Causative Verbs

Causative verbs make other verbs act.  They force actions to occur.

Both of the previous sentences contained causative verbs.

“Causative verbsmakeother verbs act.  They force actions to occur.”

The most frequently used causative verbs are as follows:

help, allow, invite, require, motivate, get, convince, hire, assist, encourage, permit, employ, force, compel, tell, ask.

These verbs are followed by a noun or pronoun followed by an infinitive.

The man asked his son to open the door.
The teacher told the kids to sit down.



“She allows her pet cockatiel to perch on the windowsill. “Wehired a carpenter to build a new patio on our house."
“I help my friend to fix his computer.”

Fourother causative verbs do not follow this pattern.  The causative verbs help, have, make and letare followed by a noun/pronoun and the base form of the verb (which is actually an infinitive with the "to" left off).



“She makes him do his homework.”
“He lets his daughter use his camera.
“The boy helps his mother fold the laundry.
“The boy helps his mother to fold the laundry.

Notice help can be used either way.

Poh-Poh helped Sekky to get stronger.
Poh-Poh helped Sekky get stronger.

let- allow
“She let her son do his homework.” XXX
“She let her son play his video games.”

“She let her son do his homework.”

force = very strong

make
“She made her son do his homework.”

“She made her son to do his homework.”

infinitive

English 11 Sentence combining 1

Sentence varieties- variation in sentence styles.

Fundamental:
SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX

Concise
Not repetitive
Logic

3. The owners worked on my parent's car, which was a '57 Chevrolet Belaire, and when I was young they also helped me to fix my bikes, patch flats, tighten chains and adjust the bike for free as I grew bigger.

As well as working on my parent's car, a '57 Chevrolet Belaire, the owners also helped me to fix my bikes for free when I was young; they would help me to patch flats, tighten chains, and adjust the bike as I grew bigger.

EF2/3 Modals and modal auxiliaries

One-word modals
can
could
may
might
must
should
will
would
**shall** - not commonly used

subject             + modal + infintive -"to"
Only poor people would           eat             lobsters.
Only poor people would eat lobsters 100 years ago.

poor/rich


Two-word modals
had better = should - a little bit stronger
ought to = should
have to = must
used to = special meaning, activity in the past

You should go to the doctor.
You had better go to the doctor.
You ought to go to the doctor.

The kids have to finish their homework by themselves.
The kids must finish their homework by themselves.

Maria used to do yoga. She doesn't do it any more.
Sarah used to live in Calgary. Now she lives in Burnaby.
I used to go hiking every weekend, but now I'm too busy with kids.
I used to go dancing, but I don't do it right now.
I used to drink, but I quit.
She didn't used to speak English, but now I do everyday.

DIFFERENT MEANING - NOT A MODAL
"used to"
I am used to Vancouver. I am happy and comfortable here.
She is used to speaking English. She is comfortable speaking English.


Three-word modals
be able to = can
"He is able to fix your computer."
"I am not able to work tonight."

be going to = will
"My sister is going to bake a cake."
"We are going to go skiing tomorrow."

be supposed to = should/must
"You are supposed to be on time to work."
"We are supposed to write a test today."

have got to = must, very strong
"You have got to clean your room before you go out with your friends."

EF2/3 Modals and modal auxiliaries

modals

subject + modal + infinitive - "to"

Maria can to speak French.
Maria can speak French.

Jane can make pizza.

Sarah can drive you to the airport.

Sarah can drove you to the airport. XXX
Sarah could drive you to the airport.
Sarah will drive you to the airport.

I can go swimming with you next Tuesday.

May I borrow your car for one hour?
Could I borrow your car for an hour?

We may have a test tomorrow.
We might have a dance party this Saturday night.

The little girl should brush her hair before she goes to school.

You can wear a toque if you don't want to brush your mop.

messy hair - mop

We could go to Steveston if you want. We could have some fish and chips on the beach.

One-Word Modals
can could may might must should will would

shall- not commonly used, very polite
very polite invitation
"Shall we take our ten-minute break."
"Shall we?" "Let's do what we said we were going to do." VERY POLITE 

EF2/3 Notes

like (verb)

like (preposition)

She likes ice cream. VERB

She looks (like her mother). PREPOSITION

Dumpings like flowers. XXX

Dumpings look like flowers. They look the same.



Dumplings are my favourite food. PRESENT

Dumplings are my favourite food since I was a kid. FROM CHILDHOOD UNTIL NOW

present perfect- have been

from the past until now.

Dumplings have been my favourite food since I was a kid. PRESENT PERFECT

There are lots of types of food in the restaurant.


Dumplings need a lot of time to make. XXX
Dumplings take a lot of time to make.
You need a lot of time to make dumplings.

Kids take a lot of work to raise.
You need to do a lot of work to raise kids.

Eng 11 Japanese internment, links to websites

·       http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP14CH3PA3LE.html

http://tellingthestoriesofthenikkei.wordpress.com/tag/japanese-canadian-internment/

http://www.veoh.com/watch/v205615599DJG5CB3?h1=%22Minoru%3A+Memory+of+Exile%22+-+Michael+Fukusima+%281992%29

EF2/3 Subject verb agreement 2

1. Isabella's hair is very nice and long and lustrous.

2. A lot of students have their own pens.

3. Many lawyers attend important meetings.

4. Forty-two professors focus on cancer research.

5. Two hundred dollars is monthly rent for my house in Mexico.

6. All of the students are going on the field trip.

7. A lot of the words in Chapter 2 are very difficult. 

8. Every person I know has their own style and personality.

9. Twenty-five percent of the book is about math.

"Don't judge a book by its cover."

10. A lot of the cheese in the refrigerator is going to expire today.
A lot of the cheese in the refrigerator is moldy.

penicillin

Eng 11 Sentence combining "Dad at Home"

3. They clean and repair the house, cook the meals, shop, and have fun. SIMPLE
They clean and repair the house, cook meals, and shop; they always have fun. COMPOUND

They always have fun cleaning and repairing the house; also, they cook meals and shop.

They always have fun cleaning and repairing the house; also, they enjoy cooking meals and shopping.

English 11 Sentence Combining "Moving Day"

KERNEL- main sentence

1. We had not been looking forward to the move.
 It was the smoothest in memory.
What's the relationship? How do they interact?
How do we best combine the meanings?

How do we show that opposition in the ideas? SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX?

We had not been looking forward to the move, but it was the smoothest in memory. BASIC COMPOUND
We had not been looking forward to the move; however, it was the smoothest in memory. BASIC COMPOUND

We had not been looking forward to the move; happily, it was the smoothest in memory.

We had not been looking forward to the move; surprisingly, it was the smoothest in memory.

It was the smoothest in memory even though we had not been looking forward to the move. COMPLEX- ADV CL

The move was the smoothest in memory even though we had not been looking forward to it.

2. KERNEL
We picked up the rented truck at 8 oclock and drove to the apartment. SIMPLE

We picked up the rented truck at 8 oclock, and we drove to the apartment. COMPOUND

We picked up the rented truck at 8 o''clock;  then next later on shortly after that, we drove to the apartment.

after that
afterwards
in no time
immediately

After we picked up the rental truck, we drove to the apartment for 8 o'clock. COMPLEX- ADV CL

3. Our timing was perfect: no one else was moving which meant the elevator was free.

: colon 
She has three kids: two boys and a girl.

4. Four of us carried, positioned, and tied the furniture into the truck in less than an hour. SIMPLE

Four of us carried, positioned, and tied the furniture into the truck; this took less than an hour. COMPOUND

Four of us carried, positioned, and tied the furniture into the truck which took less than an hour. COMPLEX


SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX

5. Because the move was fast enough, the plants didn't go into shock; in fact, they did well.

Even the plants did well; the move was fast enough that they didn't go into shock.

The plants did well and didn't go into shock because the move was fast enough.

6. We were at the house at ten o'clock, and then people really flew into action. COMPOUND

fly into action = get busy quickly

At ten o'clock, we really flew into action at the house. SIMPLE

7. The truck was empty within two hours; afterwards, we were sitting on the deck eating lunch, turning moving day into a house-warming party. COMPOUND

High-value writing
Concise
Has a lot of meaning
Grammatical
SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX

EF2/3 Paragraphs

1. Each sentence has to be area sentences: SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX.

2. Remember the format:

Margins
Double-space
Pen

My Favourite Dessert

My favourite dessert is homemade apple pie. First of all, the smell of the pie baking in the oven goes all through the house. It makes everybody feel hungry. Second, when the pie comes out of the oven, it looks crispy and golden brown. Next, the crust is very flaky when you cut it. Finally, it is very delicious when you have a bite of it. In conclusion, homemade apple pie is a wonderful treat to finish your supper.

Title

Topic sentence. Example 1. Example 2. Example 3. Example 4.  Concluding sentence

English 12 Monday class

haleyshec.blogspot.ca

ahaley@vsb.bc.ca

Al Haley

active voice- writing style

Being able to write well is so important!!!

editing –

proofread, edit

Active/ passive voice

ACTIVE – subject is doing the verb

strong and confident

PASSIVE – subject is not doing anything

weak and

present       past          past participle

go               went         gone

eat             ate             eaten

put            put              put

fall            fell               fallen

1. He wrote this song. ACTIVE

This song was written (by him). PASSIVE

E11 Sentence combining "Backstage"

1. KERNEL We were preparing.
 We were preparing for the second performance of our play, and the dressing room was in a state.

in a state = messy

We were preparing for the second performance of our play, so the dressing room was in a state.

We were preparing for the second performance of our play in the dressing room which was in a state.

The dressing room was in a state while we were preparing for the second performance of our play.

while - reason, time

2. Racks for costumes were scattered
CONCISE, CONDENSED
Costume racks and trays for makeup were scattered... NOT PARALLEL -same structure, model, same word order

Costume racks and makeup trays 
Racks for costumes and trays for makeup
Racks that are for costumes and trays that are for makeup

PARALLELISM

SHORT/CONCISE
KISS Principle: "Keep it simple, silly."

Costume racks and makeup trays were scattered around/about the room.

3. Helpers were dressing cast members and applying their makeup, so nearly everyone was nervous.

Helpers were dressing cast members and applying their makeup; nearly everyone was nervous.

Nearly everyone was nervous while helpers were dressing cast members and applying their makeup.

4. The female lead could not get her wig to stay on properly; on the other hand, the male lead was having a tug-of-war with a pair of suspenders that would not not cooperate.

The female lead could not get her wig to stay on properly; on the other hand, the male lead was having a tug-of-war with a pair of uncooperative suspenders. TIGHTER, CONCISE

SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX-adjective cl, adverb cl, noun cl

EF2/3 Adjective clause exercises

1. I would never marry a person who smokes and drinks too much.

2. My brother bought a dog that is black and white.
My brother bought a dog that has black and white dots.

Practice makes perfect.

3. The doctor who treats/ treated/ was treating me was from Pakistan.

It's my treat! - restaurant, you pay the bill
It's on me.

4. She will never forget the day that she got a promotion.

5. Rosa fell in love with the man whose brother works in Gino's restaurant.
The mother whose daughter got into UBC was very proud.

6. Elephants that/which eat plants and bushes are the largest animals in the world.

7. Last month, my brother bought a car that cost $12000.

It costs $5. present
It cost $5. past

It costed

8. Nestor met a woman who wrote two books.

9. The ring which Josie gave her daughter was made of cubic zirconium, not real diamonds.

10. Hank Crowley wore a jacket that had black and white stripes.

E11 Sentence combning "Friday Night"

1. The teenagers meet after school for a barbecue party at the river.
After school, the teenagers meet for a barbecue party at the river.
After school at the river, the teenagers meet for a barbecue party.

SIMPLE

4. Everyone brings enough food to feed twice the number of people; even so, there will be none left.

6. All enjoy the temporary freedom to be together, eat, and listen to music without direction from their parents, teachers, and employers. SIMPLE

E11 Sentences and sentence combining

Sentence styles:

SIMPLE
SV.
SSV.
SVV.

COMPOUND
SV ??? SV
, FANBOYS
, SOBA so or but and MOST USEFUL, HIGHEST FREQUENCY

; TRANSITIONAL WORDS, 
He likes coffee; however, she likes tea.
. TRANS, 
He likes coffee. However, she likes tea.

COMPLEX

ADVERB CLAUSES- 

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES- 

NOUN CLAUSES- 

insist, imagine, demand, recommend
"She insisted that we come over for supper."
"Women around the world demand that they be paid the same as men for the same work."
"She doubts that she can go to the march.'
"The doctor recommended that he not buy any green bananas." JOKE


These styles are essential.  You should be able to use them consistently- every time.

How to improve sentence writing?

Sentence combining

William Strong -professor, college

meaning, concise, sophisticated
prestige writing - sounds high level


"Kai plays soccer."
"He plays well."
"He scores goals."

CHOOSE A KERNEL - main sentence

Kai plays soccer.
Kai plays soccer well.

Kai plays soccer, and he plays well. REP

Kai plays soccer well + scores goals.

SIMPLE
Kai plays soccer well and scores goals.

COMPOUND
Kai plays soccer well; consequently, he scores goals.
Kai plays soccer well, so he scores goals.

COMPLEX
Kai plays soccer so well that he scores goals.
ADV CL
Kai, who plays soccer well, scores goals.
ADJ CL

E11 paragraph

125 words
paragraph or two
a page and a quarter

Topic sentence - 


Question?

example
example
example

Topic sentence missing - not passing mark

TOPIC/ WRITING PROMPT
Discuss how Jung Sum hides his feelings throughout his life.

TOPIC SENTENCE- address the writing prompt

Jung Sum tends to hide his feelings/ is secretive about himself/ doesn't show his emotions to others/ from others because of some difficulties he has had in his life.

TOPIC SENTENCE- paragraph on topic
helps the reader to understand what your writing about
TECHNIQUES - mirror the vocab from the writing prompt- use some of the same words
                        - use synonyms

EF2/3 adjective clauses

who
that
which

S V

My sister lives in Halifax. SIMPLE

My sister (who lives in Halifax) is a doctor. COMPLEX- ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

My sister lives in Halifax (which is a nice place).

We live in British Columbia which is a beautiful province.

The cat (that is white) is asleep on the bed.
The cat (that has brown ears) is asleep on the bed.

South Hill Education Centre is a school for adults.
South Hill Education Centre is a school SV for adults.
South Hill Education Centre is a school that is for adults.

South Hill Education Centre (which is on Fraser Street) is a school (that is for adults).

Joan's sister is a nurse. SIMPLE

Joan's sister who likes taking care of people is a nurse.

Joan's sister who likes cake is a nurse.

The little boy has a dog that is cute and fluffy.
The little boy has a dog that plays with a ball.
The little boy has a dog that does tricks.

1. This is the book that has nice pictures.
4. Marie who is my friend who works in a restaurant.XXX
Marie who is my friend that works in a restaurant. XXX
Marie is my friend that who works in a restaurant.

Exercise
1. which
Toronto is a big city. Toronto is cold in the winter.
Toronto is a big city which is cold in the winter.
Toronto which is a big city is cold in the winter.

Granville Island which is a beautiful place has many art studios.

Granville Island which is a beautiful place many people like to go there. XXX TRANSLATION

Granville Island is a beautiful place, and many people like to go there. COMPOUND

Granville Island which is a beautiful place V
Granville Island which is a beautiful place has lots of shops. COMPLEX
Many people like to go there. SIMPLE


2. who
Doctor John is a famous person who works hard every day.

E11 poems

Poem to Li Po https://inanimategrace.wordpress.com/2015/11/09/three-early-poems-by-wing-tek-lum/

Li Bai poem 300 cups of wine https://eastasiastudent.net/china/classical/li-bai-jiang-jin-jiu/

Li Po “Drinking Alone by Moonlight” http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/world_civ/worldcivreader/world_civ_reader_1/drink.html

EF2/3 Disneyland vocabulary

amusing = funny

fun (adjective) – happy, exciting, enjoyable “Skiing is fun.”

funny (adjective) –laugh, comedy, giggle, joke, snicker, snigger

interesting –

create (v) – creative (adj) “You are a creative person.”

talented – have ability

animation- cartoons- anime – manga (from Japan)

Attractions in Vancouver

Stanley Park

Grouse Mountain- gondola

Queen Elizabeth Park

Science World

Playland

Gastown- the Steam Clock

Capilano Suspension Bridge

Granville Island

Steveston

Central Library

The Seawall

Deep Cover

Flyover Canada (downtown)

Brew Pubs

2-week spring break – vacation? or staycation?

a construction worker- road construction, building construction, house construction

CONSTRUCTION JOBS

carpenter

labourer

electrician

engineer

architect

designer – interior

plumber

drywaller

roofer

painter

gardener

tiler

handiman

Skilled trades are very well paid in Canada.

$80/hr

mechanic

technician

apprenticeship – work while studying

public property- community centre, library, sidewalks, parks

private property- house, store

Cookies consist of flour, eggs, milk, oil, butter, and sugar.

Whistler is a resort town. Harrison Hot Warm Springs is a resort.

anniversary – wedding anniversary

anni – annual (yearly)

EF2/3 Prefer/ rather

prefer – infinitive or a gerund

“She prefers skiing over skating. She likes it more.”

rather –

“She would rather V.”

V = infinitive – “to”, to stay, stay

“She would rather stay home.”

“The EF 2/3 is offered at 11 am and 7:30 pm. Joseph would rather take the class at 11 am. He prefers to take the morning class. He prefers taking the morning class.”

“I would rather see a movie tonight because tomorrow night is already busy.”

“I’d rather see a movie tonight because tomorrow night is already busy.”

I would = I’d contraction

he’s, she’s , we’re, let’s, I’ll, we’ll

Contract means to get smaller

‘ – I’ll – apostrophe

, comma  ‘ apostrophe

Would you like to have a test today?

No, we would rather do/have/write/take the test tomorrow.

No, we would rather to do/ to have/to write the test tomorrow. XXX

No, we prefer to do the tomorrow. We prefer taking the test tomorrow.

prefer, like, love, begin, hate, continue, can’t stand, dislike, start- to go, going

E11 noun clauses

This is the park that we were talking about. 
adjective clause - describing the park

John didn't know that you are from Iran.
noun clause - 

How does it function?

Let's go to the park when you get off work.
adverb clause

I'm not sure when I'll get off work.
noun clause

This is the person who wants to buy our car.
adjective clause
Do you know who wants to buy our car?

noun clause

Who wants to buy our car?

E11 Adjective clauses

Write a complex sentence for each, using an adjective clause with a subject pronoun or an adjective clause with an object pronoun (6 sentences total)

SUBJECT PRONOUN

1.       The woman was reading a book that came from the library.

2.       They play football on a team that is for high school students.

3.       Sarah visited her grandmother last week who lives in Langley. AWK

Sarah visited her grandmother who lives in Langley last week. AWK

Last week, Sarah visited her grandmother who lives in Langley.

OBJECT PRONOUN

4.       Maria studies math which she finds easy.

Maria studies math (which she finds easy).

5.       My mother got a new puppy that has black and white fur. SP

The puppy that my mother got had black and white fur. OP

6.       You took a pen. The pen is mine.

You took a pen that is mine. SP

The pen that you took is mine. OP

EF2/3 verbs with infinitives and gerunds

like, love, hate, continue, prefer, can't stand, begin, start, dislike, discontinue

like + infinitive "to xxx"
like + gerund "xxxing

like skiing
like to ski

Sarah likes skiing.
Sarah likes to ski at Cypress Mountain.

dislike buy
I dislike buying expensive furniture for my apartment.

REWRITE FOR 1 EXTRA POINT!!

begin read
Her son began to read English books when he was 7.
Her son began to read a book after he finished supper.

Her son began reading book after supper. XXX

E11 Moon talk

sun/moon dichotomy

Light/Dark

Male/Female

moon balance the sun.

sun- paternal, male, yang

moon- maternal, female, yin

Maternity ward

moon – symbol- sign. represents some special meaning

symbols – cultural symbols- not the same from culture to culture

the Full Moon – the East/ Asia – good , union with family, togetherness for family, celebrate

the Full Moon –everywhere–

planting, fishing, tides, oceans

the West/ Europe, North American Full Moon –symbol

evil, bad things, fear, insanity, madness

luna – lunatic (a crazy person)

mythical/ magical creatures associated with moon-

werewolf – were (man) wolf

world- were

Vampires- Count Dracula - bats

cultural – moon feminine-

powerful women – witches

witch hunts- Europe and US 1400s, 1500s

 trials- trial by fire, trial by water

moon is a luminary, but she produces no light of her own accord. She is reliant upon the sun's light to reflect

moon a symbol of delicate, subtlety, reflection, passivity

Where the sun will boldly bear down its blaze, the moon softly enfolds our attention -

astrology- sign of Cancer and governs the realm of intuitive, deep-feeling, deep-thinking, sensitive, as well as emotions.

Moon card in Taroh- nightmare- “night horse” card, hidden things coming to surface

Archetypal Moon Meanings

Artemis:
Greek hunter goddess whose personality highlights include chastity, protection, childbirth.

Diana:
Also a huntress archetype, and woodland goddess of the Romans; she is protector of women and animals.

Hecate:
Greek goddess of the night specializing in birth, cycles, purification, crossroads and second sight.

Kuan Yin:
Chinese goddess of purity, grace, kindness, selflessness and benevolence. She is believed to be a matron of childbirth, and is called upon for aid in conception as well as healing. She also protects transitioning souls and travelers.

Symbolism of Moon Phases

The phases of the moon serve as another glimpse into her intricate meanings.

Waning Moon (getting smaller):
Symbolic of letting go, surrender, release, quiet time, contemplation, and a time of incubation.

New Moons:
Symbolic of new beginnings, a fresh start, rebirth

Waxing Moon:
Symbolic of growth, manifestation, attainment, gravidity (heavy with child).

Full Moon:
Symbolic of the height of power, the peak of clarity, fullness and obtainment of desire.

power of full moons- teach/talk

selenophobia – fear of the moon

Is it a full moon today? It has been a crazy day. It must be a full moon.

Organic fruit and vegetables go bad quickly.

bad, rotten, off

Milk goes off. Milk goes sour. Milk goes bad.

Bread goes moldy. Bread goes stale.

Food expires. It goes past it's "best before" date.

Organic labels start with "9".

sometimes - sticker ORGANIC


wash it, peel it, 

u-pick Okanagan
apples, pears, cherries, blueberries, grapes?, peaches, apricots, strawberries, figs, 

freeze blueberries

blueberry wine

blueberries on nachos


vegetarian - do not eat meat

vegan - no animal products - no milk, eggs, cheese, yoghurt, butter
leaves and dirt
vegetables, fruit, beans, rice, pork chops, bacon, nuts, water, salad, tea, nut milk, soy milk, almond milk
veggie noodles, rice noodles, vermicelli,

DESSERT? Rice Dream

dairy - lactose intolerant

edible - can be eaten
inedible - can't be eaten

rind - skin

pesticide - pest - mice, flies, cockroaches, silverfish, roly poly, spiders

You can pester somebody. bother them

E11 Adjective clause exercises

2. The chair that Sally inherited from her grandmother is an antique. OBJECT PRONOUN
 Sally inherited the chair that is an antique from her grandmother. SUBJECT PRONOUN

3. I sat on a bench that was wet. SP
The bench that I sat on was wet. OP

4. The man who I hired to paint the house finished the job in four days. OP

5. I miss seeing the old woman who used to sell flowers on that street corner. SP

6. The architect who Mario works with is brilliant. OP
Mario works with an architect who is brilliant. SP

7. Mary tutors students who need extra help in geometry. SP
The student who Mary tutors need extra help in geometry. OP

8. I took a picture of the rainbow that appeared in the sky. SP

E11 Adverb clause quiz

Write a sentence with an adverb clause for each of these:

Ex.     Olympics   because

People like the winter Olympics because they are very exciting.

1.    study                             as long as - if

You can go to UBC as long as you study hard and get good marks.

You can stay here as long as you like.

We must keep learning as long as we are alive.

2.    exercising            even if

He likes exercising even if it is rainy.

                  

3.    fell                        so...that

The stock market feel so quickly that we lost half of our money.

She fell on the sidewalk so hard that she has a big bruise on her hip and elbow.

         

4.    Vancouver           ever since

She has wanted to visit Vancouver ever since she saw a beautiful picture in a travel magazine.

5.    job                        provided that

Marnie will probably get that job provided that she is qualified.

Marnie will probably get that job provided that the interview goes well.

6.    supper                  whenever

Shift workers have to eat supper whenever they get off work.

super

supper =dinner (fancy)

You look supper / super in that new hat!

EVERY SENTENCE STYLE- ALL YOU WE NEED FOR COLLEGE

SIMPLE

COMPOUND

COMPLEX

- adverb clauses

- adjective clauses

- noun clauses

EF2/3 Nelson Mandela

Noble prizes- Peace, Chemistry, Physics, Literature, Economics, Biology, Math, Medicine

Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. It is used for mining. Dynamite is used in war, also.

Alfred Noble was a very rich man.

Winners get $1.4 M.

democracy -ruled by the peopls
demos - the people
cracy - ruled by

autocracy - one person in charge
dictatorship - dictate - to talk

theocracy - ruled by religion

plutacracy - ruled by a small group of rich people

monarchy - ruled by a king or queen

EF2/3 Verbs

like, love, hate, prefer, can't stand, start, continue, begin

She likes sushi.
She likes to eat sushi.
She likes eating sushi.

She doesn't like to eat sushi.
He doesn't like to put dishes in the dishwasher.

2. begin play
Her children begin to play in the playground.
The children won't begin to play in the playground until after supper.
She didn't begin to ski until she was 25 years old.

3. hate drive
I hate driving a car in Vancouver.
He hates to drive in a traffic jam / rush hour.
He hates to drive on busy streets.
She hates to walk on crowded sidewalks.

Marie doesn't hate driving in Vancouver, but she doesn't like it either.

either - pronunciation- ee-ther,  eye-ther 

4. prefer do
I prefer to study rather than (to) stay at home.
I prefer studying rather than staying at home.

5.
like read
She likes to read the newspaper.
I like to read novels.
I don't like to read novels.
I like reading the Bible.

6.
love eat
She doesn't love to eat.
Joe doesn't love to eat in restaurants.

7.
can't stand talk
I can't stand to talk with my son sometimes.
I can't stand to talk with my son when he doesn't concentrate on his piano.

Our classroom was very dirty. I can't couldn't stand to talk to my teacher.

I can't stand talking to you.

I can't stand to sit in a traffic jam.
I can't stand sitting in a traffic jam.
I can't stand to be stuck in a traffic jam.

I'm going to be late to the party. I am stuck in a traffic jam on Lion's Gate. Some dummy ran out of gas on the bridge.

8. continue study
My son continues studying at UHill.
I will continue to study German Swahili violin erhu even though it is difficult.

erhu - two strings

guitar - six strings
bass - four strings
banjo - five strings
pedal steel - 10 strings
mandolin - eight strings

I love playing music with my friends.
She loves playing hockey/soccer/basketball/tennis at school.
She loves to go skiing in the winter.
She loves going skiing in the winter.
He loved going swimming when he was a child.

present tense
past tense
future tense

negative

Practice sentences with your own verbs