This is the
intermediate/advanced sentence writing tutorial, week 4 of 8.
We will get started
at 4:45.
You can see all of
the class notes on my blog: haleyshec.blogspot.com
Write it down so you
will have it: haleyshec.blogspot.com
My email is ahaley@vsb.bc.ca
NOTE: This week is
the final week before we take our Winter Break/Xmas Break. Winter Break/Xmas
Break will be two weeks. The 5th installment of the sentence writing
tutorial will be Tuesday, January 4 at 4:45.
Agenda:
·
Continue compound sentences
·
Begin Complex sentences- adverb clauses
Sentence styles:
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND-COMPLEX
*SIMPLE
SV
It is
a little cloudy today. We will go
for a walk on the beach. 2 SIMPLES
*COMPOUND – two simple sentences join
together into one
It is
a little cloudy today. JOIN We will go
for a walk on the beach.
How do you join them together?
FANBOYS – 7 coordinating conjunctions used
for compound sentences
FANBOYS – for and nor but or yet so
FANBOYS
for and nor but or yet so mnemonic
, FANBOYS not realistic, not authentic
English
In compound sentences: for nor yet
rarely used in compound sentences by English speakers
taught in grammar books, but not often used
-for
Maria is going to carry her umbrella, for it
is going to rain. VERY UNUSUAL, sounds like a grammar book
MORE LIKELY: Maria is going to carry her
umbrella because it is going to rain. COMPLEX SENT, ADVERB CLAUSE- will learn
next week
-nor
Joan does not like dogs, nor does she like cats. VERY UNUSUAL, NOT AUTHENTIC ENGLISH, like a
grammar book
MORE LIKELY: Joan does not like dogs or cats.
SIMPLE
Your probably studied ‘neither...nor’. We
don’t talk like that.
-yet
It is overcast/cloudy today, yet it is still warm. NOT AUTHENTIC, SOUNDS
WEIRDLY FORMAL
MORE LIKELY: It is overcast today, but it is
still warm. AUTHENTIC
‘yet’ Are you finished yet? NOT COMPOUND
MY ADVICE: Forget about ‘for’, ‘nor’, and
‘yet’ for compound sentences.
***These are the ones we use: so or but
and ***
Forget about FANBOYS. Use SOBA. so
or but and
Mnemonic
Let’s focus on SOBA.
Some
teachers teach , FANBOYS. for and nor but or yet so
for
nor yet Not commonly used
Why
learn them if we don’t use them?
Focus
on the four coordinating conjunctions that we use all the time:
,SOBA
Easier
to remember: yakisoba- Japanese noodles
** FORM
FOR COMPOUND SENTENCES:
SV, SOBA SV.
The cat is asleep. The dog is awake. 2 simple
sentences
The cat is asleep. JOIN The dog is awake.
Join with , SOBA.
The cat is
asleep, and the dog is
awake. COMPOUND
The cat is
asleep, but the dog is
awake. COMPOUND
*NOTE: You need the comma.
I am teaching you the details of punctuation.
COMPARISON OF SIMPLE AND COMPOUND
SIMPLE- SVV Junko loves to dance but doesn’t like
to sing.*
* no comma
Junko loves
to dance, but doesn’t like to sing. XXX
* no comma in simple sentence
COMPOUND SV, SOBA SV.
Junko loves
to dance, but she doesn’t like to
sing.*
*need a comma
Can you see the difference?
Junko loves
to dance but doesn’t like to sing. SIMPLE
Junko loves
to dance, but she doesn’t like to
sing. COMPOUND
REVIEW:
Sentence
styles:
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound
complex
COMPOUND
SENTENCES
Example
of , SOBA.
REMINDER:
SOBA is an alternative to FANBOYS
SOBA , so
, or , but , and
, so
= give a reason
SV,
so SV.
Mei’s
son lives in Boston, so she is
eager to visit him.
Jun
really wants a new violin, so she is saving up her money to buy one.
, or
= have a choice
SV,
or SV.
You
can work late tonight, or you can stay late tomorrow.
Sarah
will go dancing tomorrow night, or she
will stay home.
COMMON
ERROR
You
can have a tea, or a coffee. XXX
Always
a good idea: find your SV
You
can have a tea, or a coffee. SV
SIMPLE
You
can have a tea or a coffee.
You
can have a tea, or SV a coffee. COMPOUND
You
can have a tea, or you can have a coffee.
TWO
DIFFERENT WAYS TO GIVE THE SAME INFORMATION:
You
can have a tea or a coffee. SIMPLE
You
can have a tea, or you can have a coffee. COMPOUND
Which
way do you like more?
My
advice is to mix it up.
, but
= shows difference
Ling
loves to go hiking, but she doesn’t like cycling.
I
like to visit the US, but I would not want to live there.
, and
= add something
I
can get the cake, and you get the plates.
Sarah plays volleyball, and Maria plays
soccer.
“Compound Sentence Exercises”
Combine the sentences in each exercise using
,SOBA.
1. David
likes to swim. He hates to hike.
SOBA?
David likes to swim, but
he hates to hike.
2. John
likes video games. John likes reading.
John likes video games
and likes reading. SVV SIMPLE
John likes video games
and reading. SV SIMPLE
John likes video games,
and he likes reading. SV, and SV. COMPOUND
John likes video games,
and I like reading.
“I” is always capitalized
**IMPORTANT**
The whole point of this
work is to give you choice!
You will be able to
choose what kind of sentence you want to write.
3. Stephen
must study. Stephen will not pass the test.
4. Jill
should show up on time. Jill will not be able to enter.
5. Susie
loves to read books. Susie loves to do her homework.
6. Irene
likes to draw. Rita likes to draw.
7. Michael
likes basketball. Stephen likes basketball..
8. Make
sure to get to the airport two hours before your plane is due to leave. You
will miss your flight.
9. The
dangers of smoking are well known. Many people
continue to smoke anyway.
10.
It's important to put your goals in writing. You must
also be committed to achieving them.
Continue with compound
sentences:
STEP 1
SV, SOBA SV.
STEP 2
SV; SV.
Now, we will go into a
deeper level of compound sentences.
We already know about ,
SOBA
The next step is
this ; semicolon
: colon
; semicolon semi-half
We use semicolons in
compound sentences.
Higher level- fancier,
prestige writing, polished, looks great
well worth learning!
Sometimes people are
nervous or uncertain about semicolons.
They aren’t that bad.
Use ;
instead of , SOBA
Replace it just like a
Lego block.
David likes to swim,
but he hates to hike. *jeans and a t-shirt*
David likes to swim;
he hates to hike. -looks high level *nice suit*
John likes video games,
and he likes reading.
John likes video games;
he likes reading.
5 ways to write the same
thing:
Susie loves to read books. Susie loves to do
her homework. SIMP
Susie loves to read books and loves to do her
homework. SIMP
Susie loves to read books and do her
homework. SIMP
Susie loves to read books, and she loves to
do her homework. COMP
Susie loves to read books; she loves to do
her homework. COMP
3 ways to write the same thing:
Irene likes to draw. Rita likes to draw.
Irene likes to draw, and Rita likes to draw.
Irene likes to draw; Rita likes to draw.
, and
OR ;
comma goes with SOBA
, so
, or , but , and
semicolons- -not used all
the time, looks really good
REVIEW
STEP 1
SV, SOBA SV.
STEP 2
SV; SV.
STEP 3
TRANSITIONAL WORDS –
usually used with semicolons
Transitional words are
powerful! They will change how you express your ideas.
e.g. however therefore
as well also nevertheless meanwhile
Transitional words will
really make your writing precise. You will be able to say exactly what you want
to say.
SOBA – four choices
TRANSITIONAL WORDS- dozen
and dozens of choices
* I will give about 80 to
read over and start to learn.
John likes video games
and reading. SIMPLE
John likes video games,
and he likes reading. COMPOUND
John likes video games;
he likes reading. COMPOUND neutral meaning
John likes video games;
also, he likes reading. COMPOUND
John likes video games;
he likes reading, also. OK COMPOUND- HIGHER LEVEL- IGNORE THIS FOR
NOW
,so – give a reason
It is rainy today. I
didn’t bring my bike. SIMPLE
It is rainy today, so
I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND
It is rainy today;
I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND neutral
It is rainy today;
therefore, I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND
It is rainy today; accordingly,
I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND
Sarah loves to play
sports; for example, she plays volleyball, badminton, football and
tennis.
Sarah loves to play
sports; for example, volleyball, badminton, football and tennis. XXX SV
missing
Sarah loves to play
sports; for instance, she plays volleyball, badminton, football and
tennis. Sounds good!
Junko grew up in a small
village in Japan; Mei grew up on a farm in rural China.
Junko grew up in a small
village in Japan; similarly, Mei grew up on a farm in rural China.
Dave works as an
electrical engineer; similarly, Hakim is an electrician.
Davis likes to swim but
hates to hike.
David likes to swim,
but he hates to hike.
David likes to swim;
he hates to hike. neutral meaning
David likes to swim; however,
he hates to hike.
On one hand, David likes to
swim; on the other hand, he hates to hike.
on the other hand –
compare two things
Sheri likes the iPhone
13; on the other hand, the Galaxy 9 is pretty nice, too.
, too decoration, embellishment, icing on the cake
“Introduction to Transitional
Terms”, p.c.
Transitional Terms
Transitional words and phrases help
paragraphs read more smoothly by improving the connections between supporting
sentences.
MODEL: Use
a period or semicolon between the sentences and a comma after the transitional
term.
For
example: Richmond is an exciting
city to live in; in particular, its Asian influence makes for a very
multicultural environment. COMPOUND
Richmond is an exciting city to live in.
In particular, its Asian influence makes for a very multicultural environment. 2
SIMPLES
David likes to swim. He
hates to hike. 2 SIMPLES
Davis likes to swim but
hates to hike. SIMPLE
David likes to swim,
but he hates to hike. COMPOUND
David likes to swim;
he hates to hike. COMPOUND
David likes to swim; however,
he hates to hike. COMPOUND
David likes to swim. However,
he hates to hike. 2 SIMPLES
There is a lot of wonderful
choice here for our sentence writing.
MY ADVICE: Use semicolons sparingly. A
semicolon helps glue two main clauses together. A semicolon show that the two
are closely connected.
HERE ARE ABOUT 80 FOR YOU TO USE:
Addition
, and
; also, ; furthermore, ; in addition,
Consequence , so
; accordingly, ; as a result, ; consequently, ; for this reason,
; for this purpose, ; hence, ; subsequently,
; therefore, ; thus,
Generalizing
as a rule, as usual, for the most part,
generally, , ordinarily, usually
e.g. Mike likes to stay fit; as a rule, he gets
30 minutes of exercise every day.
Mike likes to stay fit; generally speaking,
he gets 30 minutes of exercise every day.
Exemplifying
chiefly, especially, for instance, in
particular, namely, particularly, specifically, for one thing, as an
illustration, as an example, for example
Emphasis – shows something is most important
above all, chiefly, especially, particularly,
in particular, singularly, moreover, most importantly
Similarity
correspondingly, likewise, similarly, by the
same token,
Contrast , but
conversely, instead, on one hand, on the
other hand, on the contrary, rather, however, in contrast
e.g. Canada has public medical coverage for
its citizens, but the US has mostly private medical coverage.
Canada has public medical coverage for its
citizens; on the contrary, the US has mostly private medical coverage.
Sequence
at first, first of all, to begin with, in the
first place, at the same time, for now, for the time being, in time, in turn,
later on, next, then, soon, later, earlier, simultaneously, afterward, finally
Restatement
in essence, in other words, namely, that is,
that is to say, to put it differently
Summarizing – alternatives to in conclusion
after all, all in all, all things considered,
briefly, by and large, in any case, in any event, in brief, in conclusion, on
the whole, in short, in summary, in the final analysis, in the long run, on
balance, to sum up, to summarize, in a nutshell
Learn these. Study these.
You probably know a bunch of them already.
Your sentence writing
ability will just keep getting bigger and bigger.
Next session – complex sentences
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX- next session
COMPOUND COMPLEX
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