EF4/5 12:44 Busy Sunday

     Last Sunday was an especially busy day for me.  After finishing 

praying at the Satanic temple, I went home and washed the dog. 

Then I made lunch for my family and the dog; afterward, |I went to 

Superstore to get groceries for the week. When I got home and put 

the groceries away, I cleaned the house from top to bottom and 

then helped my kids and the dog do their homework. Then I made 

supper for everyone, including the neighbours on both sides. 

Obviously, last Sunday was a very hectic day.

5/5

EF4/5 12:40 Narrative paragraph practice

Writing paragraphs
- orient the paper
- indent
- double-space
- respect the margins
- block of text



Narrative

        I agreed to let the kids bake a cake by themselves. First, I 

heard pots and pans crash to the floor. Then my little one 

wandered into the living room, covered with flour. When I smelled 

smoke, I finally raced into the kitchen. It took us two hours to get 

everything cleaned up.
   

      Dean was very excited about the party that evening. He wanted 

to get home, and he drove too fast. As a result, he got a ticket for 

speeding. Then, he ran in the door and rushed to get ready. Dean 

was pulling on his jacket when Peter called to say that the party 

had been cancelled.


      As I was looking for a present, I saw a crowd around a street 

vendor.  He was selling watches, and I examined one closely. The 

watch looked good, but the price was a little high. I got the vendor 

to lower the price; as a result, I bought the watch. Then, on my 

way home, I saw the same watch in a store window- for ten dollars 

less.

EF4/5 10:20 Narrative paragraph practice

I agreed to let the kids bake a cake by themselves. First, I heard pots and pans crash to the floor. Then my little one wandered into the living room, covered with flour. When I smelled smoke, I finally raced into the kitchen. It took us three to get everything cleaned up.

TRANSITIONAL WORDS

at first

first

second

third

next

after that

finally

in the end

          Dean was very excited about the party that evening. He wanted to get home, and he drove too fast. As a result, he got a ticket for speeding. Then, he ran in the door and rushed to get ready. Dean was pulling on his jacket when Peter called to say that the party has been cancelled.

40m narrative paragraph

“What did you do last Sunday?”

PLAN

TS-  busy day

-went to church, 7:30am

-made lunch, 12

- grocery shopping, 1-3

-early evening helping children with homework

WRITE

          Last Sunday was a very busy day for me. First of all, I got up early to go to church for 7:30. After church, I went home and made lunch for my family. Then I went out grocery shopping at Superstore for two hours. After I got home and put all of the groceries away, I sat down and helped my kids with their homework for several hours. Clearly, my Sunday was exhausting.

EF4/5 12:45 C-43/44

1. Jim and Ann like pizza.
Jim and Ann both like pizza.
Jim likes pizza, and Ann likes pizza.
Jim likes pizza; also, Ann likes pizza.

2. Abby, Luis, and Carl play soccer every weekend.
 Abby, Luis and Carl play soccer every weekend.
Abby, Luis, and Carl all play soccer every weekend.
Abby, Luis, and Carl all play soccer together every weekend.

3. The bus and Skytrain both arrived late because of the snow.
The bus and the Skytrain both arrived late because it was snowing.
The bus arrived late because of the snow, so did the Skytrain.

4. Are the Jeep and the Honda on sale?
Is the Jeep or the Honda on sale?

5. Kam Wong, Sara Smith, Pam Singh, and Ron Adams were at the party.
Kam Wong, Sara Smith, Pam Singh, and Ron Adams were all together at the party.
Kam Wong, Sara Smith, and Pam Singh were at the party; unfortunately, so was Ron Adams.
Kam Wong and Sara Smith were at the party; surprisingly, Ron Adams and Pam Singh were there too.

6. His daughter, wife, and son all needed the car on Friday morning.
His daughter and son both needed the car on Friday morning; however, his wife needed it.

C-44

1. Jim likes pizza and beer.
Jim likes pizza; also, he likes beer.
Jim likes both pizza and beer.

2. Abby plays soccer and hockey every weekend; afterward, she plays pool.

3. The bus arrived late and picked up five angry passengers.
Because the bus picked up five passengers late, they were angry. X
The bus picked up five angry passengers because the bus was late. X
The bus picked up five passengers who were angry because it was late. GOOD
The bus picked up five passengers who were angry with the lateness of the bus.
The late bus picked up five passengers who were angry.
Because the bus picked up five angry passengers, it was late.

4. Jane parked the car, rented two movies, and walked into the video store. X
Jane parked the car, walked into the video store, and rented two movies.

5. I bought a red coat, a cotton shirt, and a pair of socks.
I bought a red coat; then, I bought a cotton shirt; surprisingly, I also bought a pair of socks.

6. Vic went to a meeting on Thursday night, a dance on Friday night, and his friend's house on Saturday night.

EF4/5 10:25 Sentence Combining C-43/44

1. Jim and Ann like pizza.
Both Jim and Ann like pizza.
Jim likes, and Ann likes pizza.

Jim likes; also, Ann likes pizza.

2. Abby, Luis and Carl play soccer every weekend.
Abby, Luis and Carl play soccer together every weekend.

3. The bus and skytrain arrived late because of the snow.
Because of the snow, the bus and skytrain arrived late.
The bus and skytrain arrived late because it was snowing.

4. Are the Jeep and the Honda on sale?
Is the Jeep or the Honda on sale?

5. Kam Wong, Sara Smith, Pam Singh, and Ron Adams were at the party.

6. His daughter, wife and son needed the car on Friday morning.
His daughter, wife and son all needed the car on Friday morning.

C-44

1. Jim likes pizza and beer.

Jim likes pizza and also likes beer.

Jim likes pizza; also, he likes beer.

2. Abby plays soccer, hockey and pool every weekend.

pool= billiards

Abby plays soccer and hockey every weekend; also, she plays pool every weekend.


3. The bus arrived late and picked up five angry passengers.
because
Because the bus arrived late, it picked up five angry passengers. X

The bus picked up five passengers ADJ CL who were angry ADV CL because the bus was late.
The bus picked up five passengers who were angry because the bus was late.

4. Jane parked the car, rented two movies, and walked into the video store. X WRONG ORDER
Jane parked the car, walked into the video store, and rented two movies.
SVVV
Jane parked the car and then walked into the video store to rent two movies.

5. I bought a red coat, a cotton shirt, and a pair of socks.

6. Vic went to a meeting on Thursday night, a dance on Friday nights, and his friend's house on Saturday night.

EF4/5 12:45 adjective clause practice

SIMPLE

COMPOUND

COMPLEX

adverb clauses

adjective clauses

noun clauses

adjective clauses

that, who, which

1. that star

I bought a red bicycle that has  a red star on it.

2. which plane

My sister took a plane which flew to Japan.

S+V

2. plane which

My sister got on a plane which was Air Canada.

My sister got aboard a plane which was Air Canada.

get aboard a plane/ ship/ ferry/ boat/ bus

She boarded the plane.

boarding- getting on

The astronauts (who have a great job) fly to the International Space Station.

4. whose bicycle

I don’t like the man whose bicycle has a flat tire.

The girl whose bicycle was painted red is very happy with it.

6. which lunch

We had lunch in the restaurant which had a special.

Her retired parents go to a restaurant that has an ‘early bird’ special.

EF4/5 Simple/ Compound

SIMPLE

1. lunch

I made lunch yesterday.

2. children

The children are playing outside.

5. homework

I finished all of my homework.

COMPOUND

, SOBA

because since

6. I have two sisters, and I have three brothers.

I have two sisters and three brothers. SIMPLE

7. people

Many people are in the class, so it is noisy.

8. apartment

His mother wants to live in an apartment, but her father wants to live in a house.

My apartment is small, but hers is large.

EF4/5 12:40 adjective clause exercises

that, which, who- main clauses
when, whose, where

S+V

The old man who lives next door is sweeping his sidewalk.

The old man who I was talking to is very friendly. OBJECT PRONOUN

The old man I was talking to is very friendly. OMIT PRONOUN

5. Greta went to the mall without me, it which was not a nice thing to do.

Commas around adjective clauses

Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a big city.
The dog that lives next door is cute.
South Hill, which is on Fraser Street, is an adult school.
The school which is at Fraser and 43rd is an adult school.

restrictive clauses/ essential clauses

My sister who is a nurse plays volleyball. 2 sisters
My sister, who is a nurse, plays volleyball.  1 sister

My mother who is retired likes to travel.
My mother, who is retired, likes to travel.

6. Marta is the type of boss who is easy to work with.
7. Salmon is a meal that I love salmon.

8. Alex Ovechkin who is an excellent hockey player comes from Russia.
Alex Ovechkin is an excellent hockey player who comes from Russia.


Exercise 5
1. I would never marry a person who smokes and drinks too much.

2. My brother who bought a dog is black and white. NOT TRUE
My brother bought a dog which is black and white. TRUE
My brother bought a dog which is black and white colour. X

My brother bought a black and white dog. SIMPLE

My brother bought a dog which had black and white. X

My brother bought a dog which had black and white hair/fur. 

3. The doctor who treated me was from Pakistan.

7. Last month, my brother bought a car that cost $12000.

9. The ring that Josie gave her daughter was made of cubic zirconium, not real diamonds.
The ring that Josie gave her daughter was made of cubic zirconium, not real diamonds.

4. She will never forget the day when she got a promotion.


5.Rosa fell in love with the man whose brother works in Gino's restaurant.


10. Hank Crowley wore a jacket that had black and white stripes.

EF4/5 10:25 adjective clause exercises

adjective clauses- that, which, who

where, when, whose

The boy who is sitting next to me is from Vietnam. subject pronoun

The boy that I was talking to is from Vietnam. object pronoun

The boy that I was talking to is from Vietnam. object pronoun

The boy I was talking to is from Vietnam. OMIT THE OBJECT PRONOUN

The boy whom I was talking to is from Vietnam. VERY UNCOMMON, LOW FREQUENCY

Exercise 4

6. Marta is the type of boss who is easy to work with.

Marta is the type of boss that is easy to work with.

7. Salmon is a meal that I love.

Salmon is a meal which I love.

Salmon is a meal I love.

Salmon is a meal that I love it. MISTAKE

8.Alex Ovechkin who is an excellent hockey player comes from Russia.

Alex Ovechkin is an excellent hockey player who comes from Russia.

Exercise 5

1. I would never marry a person who smokes and drinks too much.

2. My brother who bought a dog is black and white. NOT TRUE

My brother bought a dog that is black and white. TRUE

My brother bought a dog that is a black and white colour. awkward

My brother bought a dog that has black and white. awkward

My brother bought a black and white dog. SIMPLE SENTENCE

My brother bought a dog that has black and white spots/ paws/ hair.

My brother bought a dog whose hair is black and white.

EF4/5 12:45 Exercise 4

1. John F. Kennedy who was assassinated in 1963 was the youngest president in history.
John F. Kennedy who was the youngest president in history was assassinated in 1963.

2. The pizzeria which we ate in yesterday served expensive food.

The pizzeria where we ate yesterday served expensive food.

Marcello's which is on Commercial and 1st in a mall has great pizza.

3. My dog which made me sad died yesterday. NOT TRUE

My dog  died yesterday which made me sad. TRUE

The man saw a cat who was driving a bus. MISPLACED MODIFIER

The man who was driving a bus saw a cat. MAKES SENSE

I gave a table to my sister that has three wooden legs. NOT TRUE

I gave a table that has three wooden legs to my sister. TRUE

4. Sunday is the day when I sleep in. "sleep in" phrasal verb

Quiz 3 adjective clauses

1. cat that

I saw a cat that had white paws.

2. dog who

The woman who owned the rat dog thought that it was beautiful.

3. mouse which

He has a mouse which lives in his garage.

4. squirrel whose

5. 

6.

EF4/5 10:25 adjective clause exercises

1. John F. Kennedy who was assassinated in 1963 was the youngest president in history.
John F. Kennedy who was the youngest president in history was assassinated in 1963.

John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 who was the youngest president in history.

ADJECTIVE COMES RIGHT AFTER THE NOUN

The man saw a cat who was driving a bus. MISPLACED MODIFIER

The man who was driving a bus saw a cat. MUCH BETTER

I gave a table to my sister that has three wooden legs.

I gave a table that has three wooden legs to my sister.

2. The pizzeria where we ate yesterday served expensive food.

The pizzeria that/which we ate in yesterday served expensive food.

The pizzeria that we ate yesterday served expensive food. WE ATE THE RESTAURANT

The pizza that we ate was delicious.

Lombardo's Pizzeria which is in a mall at Commercial and 1st has excellent pizza.

3. My dog which made me very sad died yesterday. NOT TRUE

My dog died yesterday which made me very sad. TRUE

4. Sunday is the day when I sleep in late. sleep in- phrasal verb

I slept in! My alarm didn't go off.

5. Greta went to the mall without me which was not a nice thing to do.

You baked your son a birthday cake which was  a really thoughtful thing to do.

Quiz 6 sentences

1. sun that

The sun hat that I bought was white.

2. star who

Tom Cruise who is a movie star is over 50 now.

sexist

EF4/5 12:45 Compound Sentences

Compound sentences
, FANBOYS
, SOBA

SV, SOBA SV
"We went to hear some music on Sunday, and it was really nice."

SEMICOLONS
;
"We went to hear some music on Sunday; it was really nice."

; therefore,
; however,     HIGHEST FREQUENCY TRANSITIONAL TERMS

"We went to hear some music on Sunday; surprisingly, it was really nice."

"My son made roasted chicken last night; amazingly, it tasted great."

HIGHER LEVEL


Compound Sentence Exercises

1. My puppy stole my wallet, and now he has a new collar.
My puppy stole my wallet; therefore, he has a new collar.

2. She saw a squirrel run in front of her while rollerblading; as a result, she fell down.

3. There was a meteor shower; therefore, the photographer took out his camera.
A photographer takes photographs.


STRESSED SYLLABLES-

camera camera camera

Canada

Stress is very important.


4. I wanted to buy a Groodle puppy; consequently, I started to save my money.

5. Gillian does not like to play basketball; in addition, she was not very good at it.
Gillian does not like to play basketball, so she was not very good at it.
Gillian does not like to play basketball, for she was not very good at it. LOW FREQUENCY

8. You can complain all day, or you can do your work.

12. I was not very hungry; however, I ate six cookies.
 I was not very hungry; nevertheless, I ate six cookies.

13. I want to speak English in class, but I feel nervous.
I want to speak English in class; however, I feel nervous.

16. Bears do not make good pets; for example, they wreck your house and eat all your honey.
Bears wreck your house and eat all your honey; consequently, they do not make good pets.

17. I want to visit a farm; moreover, I want to ride a pony.

19. I have never visited Korea; also, I have never visited Japan.
I have never visited Korea, nor have I never ever visited Japan.

20. You can make a big cake; if not, you can make two small cakes.

flour gluten-free

, SOBA Enough for now.
; however, 

TAKE A CHANCE / BE BRAVE

EF4/5 10:25 Compound Sentence Exercises

COMPOUND SENTENCES

,SOBA

,FANBOYS

“The puppy was chasing after a squirrel, so the squirrel ran up a tree.”

; semicolon

“The puppy was chasing after a squirrel; the squirrel ran up a tree.”

“The puppy was chasing after a squirrel; therefore, the squirrel ran up a tree.”

Compound Sentence Exercises

3. There was a meteor shower, so the photographer took out his camera.

There was a meteor shower; for that reason/ therefore, the photographer took out his camera.

therefore- HIGH FREQUENCY

5. Gillian did not like to play basketball, so she was not good at it.

Gillian did not like to play basketball, for she was not good at it.

for LOW FREQUENCY

Gillian did not like to play basketball; also, she was not good at it.

6. Dolly likes snowboarding, but Loretta prefers skiing.

Dolly likes snowboarding; however, Loretta prefers skiing.

7. The little boy did not want to go to school; still, his mother made him go.

8. You can complain all day long, or you can do your work.

12. I wasn’t very hungry; however, I ate six cookies.

IDIOM- She was starving/ famished/ very hungry.

13. I want to speak English in class, but I feel nervous.

16 Bears do not make good pets; they wreck your house and eat all your honey.

Bears wreck your house and eat all your honey, so they do not make good pets.

Bears do not make good pets; for example, they wreck your house and eat all your honey.

Bears do not make good pets, for they wreck your house and eat all your honey. LOW FREQUENCY

18. I didn’t do my homework, so I feel like I let myself down.

19. I have never visited Korea; also, I have never visited Japan.

I have never visited Korea, nor have I ever visited Japan. HIGHER LEVEL

EF 4/5 compound sentences 12:45

SV + SV

FANBOYS for and nor but or yet so

so or but and SOBA

for nor yet LOW-FREQUENCY WORDS, NOT COMMON

so or but and HIGH-FREQUENCY WORDS

SOBA

She likes coffee. She doesn't like tea.
She likes coffee, but she doesn't like tea. COMPOUND
She likes coffee but she doesn't like tea. NOT RIGHT- FORMAL SCHOOL WRITING ,but

She likes coffee. She doesn't like tea. SIMPLE
She likes coffee, but she doesn't like tea. COMPOUND
She likes coffee but doesn't like tea. SIMPLE

SV ,SOBA SV. COMPOUND

dog cat ice cream

nor
1. I haven't been to Mexico, nor have I been to Spain.
I haven't been to Mexico, but I have been to Spain.
DIFFERENT MEANING

2. I don't like spaghetti, nor do I like lasagna.
3. I don't drink coffee, nor do I drink tea.
LOW FREQUENCY- MR. and MRS. FANCY

I don't drink coffee or tea. USUAL, AUTHENTIC, REAL

sentence - pronunciation


C-51

1. Jim cut the grass, and Ed weeded the garden.
Jim cut the grass, and Ed weeded the garden.
Jim cut the grass, but Ed weeded the garden.
Jim cut the grass, so Ed weeded the garden.
Jim cut the grass, or Ed weeded the garden. I don't know.
SMALL, SUBTLE DIFFERENCES IN MEANING

8. We have to leave in ten minutes, or I will be late for an appointment.
I don't want to be late for my appointment, so we have to leave in ten minutes.

If we don't leave in ten minutes, I will be late for my appointment.
COMPLEX SENTENCES

2. I was very tired last night, so I went to bed early.
I wasn't very tired last night, but I went to bed early.
I was very tired last night, but I went to bed late.

5. Mr. Smith earns a lot of money, yet he never saves any.
Mr. Smith earns a lot of money, so he never saves any.
DIFFERENT INTENTION
Mr. Smith earns a lot of money, and he never saves any.

IDIOM "Six of one; half-dozen of the other."

6. he lost his leather one, so Jack need a new jacket.
Jack lost his leather jacket, so he needs a new one.
Jack needs a new jacket, for he lost his leather one. UNUSUAL

semicolon ;

EF4/5 compound sentences Fun class

,SOBA

1.
I haven't been to Mexico, and I haven't been to Spain. COMPOUND

NOR- low frequency word
I haven't been to Mexico, nor have I been to Spain.

I haven't been to Mexico or Spain. SIMPLE

I have been to Mexico, but I haven't been to Spain. COMPOUND

2.
I like spaghetti, but I don't like lasagna.

3.
I don't drink coffee, nor do I drink tea.
I don't drink coffee, and I don't drink tea.
I don't drink coffee, but I do drink tea.

SV, SOBA SV.
She got up early this morning, but she was still late for school.

You can take the bus home, or you can call a cab.

It's pretty cold, so I don't think I'll go for a bike ride today.


C-51

1. Jim cut the grass, and Ed weeded the garden.
    Jim cut the grass, but Ed weeded the garden.

    Jim cut the grass, so Ed weeded the garden.
    Jim cut the grass, or Ed weeded the garden. I'm not sure.

SMALL, SUBTLE DIFFERENCES IN MEANING

2. I was very tired last night, so I went to bed early.
I wasn't very tired last night, but I went to bed early.
I was very tired last night, but I went to bed late.

4. The sun is shining, but it is still cold. 
The sun is shining but it is still cold.
NOT RIGHT, NEED COMMA

The sun is shining, yet it is still cold. LOW-FREQUENCY WORD 

5. Mr. Smith earns a lot of money, but he never saves any.
Mr. Smith earns a lot of money, so he never saves any.

6. Jack needs a new jacket because he lost his leather one.
"because" is for adverb clauses- complex sentences

Jack lost his leather jacket, so he needs a new one.

Jack needs a new jacket, for he lost his leather one.
LOW-FREQUENCY WORD

7. Tom had no money, so Jack lent him ten dollars.

8. We have to leave in ten minutes, or I will be late for my appointment.

, SOBA



; semicolons

Ef7/Eng10 vocabulary test sites

Excellent test sites.  

http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/r21270/levels/index.html

http://www.wordengine.jp/vflash/levelcheck

http://my.vocabularysize.com/session/evstxx

http://www.vocabtest.com/

EF6 Saturday Night with the Kids sentence combining possible solutions

SENTENCE COMBINING

SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX- FOCUS OF EF6

CONSISTENT GOOD SENTENCES

Saturday Night with the Kids

1. Samuel babysits on Saturday night. KERNEL

Samuel babysits Jeffrey and Catelina on Saturday night.

Samuel babysits Jeffrey who is two and Catelina who is four on Saturday night.

Samuel babysits Jeffrey, who is a two-year-old, and Catelina, who is a four-year-old, on Saturday night.

Samuel babysits Jeffrey, who is two years old, and Catelina, who is four years old, on Saturday night for several hours.

For several hours on Saturday night,

2. They love him because he pillow fights and lets them be noisy, watch TV and stay up late.

They love him because he pillow fights and lets them be noisy, watch TV and stay up late.

They love him because he pillow fights; also, he lets them be noisy, watch TV and stay up late.

3. Sometimes Erich, who is Samuel’s friend, comes over and cooks fudge with the children.

Sometimes Erich’s friend, Samuel, comes over to cook fudge with the children.

4. They laugh and make a mess.

They laugh while they make a mess.

5. Bathtime is fun because it usually involves a hilarious water fight that requires a clean-up.

Bathtime is fun because it usually involves a water fight that is hilarious but requires a clean-up.

6. The parents return at midnight and find the children in bed and the house clean; also, Samuel is sleeping on the couch.

The house is clean and the children are in bed when the parents return home at midnight; Samuel is sleeping on the couch.

EF7/ E10 Air Show sentence combining possible solutions

SENTENCES- SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX

comprehension-

Air Show

1. The air show attracts locals. KERNEL

The air show attracts thousands of locals and tourists, so the show grows bigger every year. COMPOUND

The air show, which grows bigger every year, attracts thousands of locals and tourists. COMPLEX

2. Screaming jets fly low overhead in teams as pilots display their skills.

Pilots display their skills by flying their screaming jets in teams low and overhead.

Teams of pilots display their skills by flying their screaming jets low and overhead.

3. Cringing adults watch in awe while some crying children cover their ears; nevethless, they want to see more. COMPOUND COMPLEX

Cringing adults who are watching in awe and some crying children who are covering their ears want to see more.

Cringing adults watching in awe and some crying children covering their ears want to see more.

On one hand, cringing adults watch in awe while some crying children cover their ears; on the other hand, they want to see more.

4. Skydivers float gently down to earth from 1000 metres up; they guide their falls and land on a white cross.

Skydivers who float gently down to earth from 1000 metres up guide their falls to land on a white cross.

5. Biplanes which are imitations of early aircraft engage in fights that are typical of WW1.

Biplanes, imitations of early aircraft, engage in fights typical of WW1.

EF7/ E10 sentence combining work

SENTENCE STYLES- consistent sentence writing

SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX- beginning, first steps, building blocks,

How Not to Study

1. David yawns. KERNEL

David yawns and glances at his watch.

David yawns and, glances at his watch and easily represses a thought.

easy (adj) easily (adv) wf- word form

David yawns, glances at his watch and easily represses a thought about homework which is due tomorrow. COMPLEX SENT- ADJ CL

David yawns, glancing at his watch and easily repressing a thought about homework which is due tomorrow.

David yawns and glances at his watch, easily repressing a thought about homework which is due tomorrow.

2. Television’s eye has held him captive. KERNEL

Television’s flickering, hypnotic eye which is flickering has held him captive.

ORDER OF ADJECTIVES

Opinion	Size	Age	Shape	Colour	Origin	Material	Purpose

beautiful old table old beautiful table

small round Japanese tea cup round small tea Japanese cup

cute, beautiful baby        beautiful, cute baby

Television’s flickering, hypnotic eye has held him captive all evening; now, the news is about to be broadcast. COMPOUND

EF6 Ch13 Q6 with ""

PARAGRAPH WRITING

STRUCTURE-Topic sentence- topic controlling idea

connected to question- mirror vocabulary in the question,

like LEGO blocks

3-4 supporting sentences- supporting the TS

          coherence – TIME, SPACE, IMPORTANCE

FOR ACADEMIC WRITING, PERSUASIVE WRITING IS THE MAIN TYPE OF WRITING

ARGUMENT, OPINION, CONVINCE

unity-         EVERYTHING HAS TO BE ON-TOPIC, SUPPORTING THE TS, CUT!

                             “” QUOTED MATERIAL

concluding sentence- RESTATE THE TS

WRITING PROCESS

1. Analyze the topic

2. Generate ideas-        MIND MAP, LISTS, FREEWRITE, THINKING, WRITE IT DOWN

3. Organize-                  TIME, SPACE, IMPORTANCE

4. Rough copy-             PASS IN AN EDITTED ROUGH COPY

5. Edit, proofread-        vt, vf, sp, punc, wf ----------------------/

6. Good copy/ Great copy

Ch13 Q6

What does The Giver say about change?

p103

5. “faced with something that they have not experiences before”

3. “use the memories and advise them”

4. “seldom happens”

1. “they don’t want change”

2. “Life here is so ordered, so predictable- so painless. It’s what they’ve chosen.”

          The Giver tells Jonas that the people in their community aren’t interested in changing any parts of their society. The Elders, for example, “don’t want change”(103) and would rather keep their lives “ordered...[and] predictable”.  The Giver says that he is “seldom” asked to give advice because the people have “chosen” to have no new unexpected situations in their lives. The Giver warns Jonas not to expect to be asked about how to alter any part of their community.  

EF6 How not to Study- sentence combining

SENTENCE COMBINING- SENTENCE TYPES

SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX

VARIETY OF SENTENCES- AUTOMATIC

1. David yawns. KERNEL

David yawns and glances at his watch.

David yawns, glances at his watch and represses a thought.

David yawns, glances at his watch and easily represses a thought.

easy(adj) easily(adv) WF word form

David yawns, glances at his watch and easily represses a thought about homework that is due tomorrow. COMPLEX- ADJ CL

David yawns and glances at his watch; then he easily represses a thought about homework that is due tomorrow.COMPOUND COMPLEX

After David yawns and glances at his watch, he easily represses a thought about homework that is due tomorrow. COMPLEX- ADV CL ADJ CL

After it rains, but we go out.

SOBA is for COMPOUND

2. Television's flickering, hypnotic eye has held him captive.

Television's hypnotic, flickering eye has held him captive all evening, but now the news is about to be broadcast. COMPOUND

The big blue house is nice. The blue big house is nice.

The laughing, smiling baby is cute.

The cute six-month-old baby is crying.

ORDER OF ADJECTIVES

Opinion Size Age Shape Colour Origin Material Purpose NOUN

the big green garbage can

a round Japanese tea cup

a beautiful Japanese tea cup a tea beautiful Japanese cup

a beautiful, exquisite Japanese tea cup

a tiny, little kitten

3. Finally he can procrastinate no longer, so he heads for his room where his books are strewn across his cluttered and poorly-lit desk. COMPOUND COMPLEX

4. He desperately tries to remember his assignment which he neglected to write down; he then pushes the books to one side.

It is chilly; therefore, she is wearing a sweater.

It is chilly; she is, therefore, wearing a sweater.

It is chilly; she is wearing a sweater, therefore.

SENTENCE STYLE WORK IN CLASS IS JUST THE FIRST LEVEL

5. The radio clicks on and pumps out country-western music. SIMPLE

The radio which has clicked on is pumping out country-western music. COMPLEX

SIMPLE COMPOUND COMPLEX- FOUNDATION OF SENTENCE WRITING

11. A half hour passes with no one at the desk; he finally returns and decides to study in bed because he can study better there.

After a half hour passes with no one at the desk, he finally returns and decides to study in bed because he can study better there.

7. Words swim before his tired eyes.

The words look blurry in front of his tired eyes.

6. He opens a textbook and flips though its pages while his lips mouth the tune and his foot keeps time with the insistent rhythm. 

He opens a textbook and flips though its pages; his lips mouth the tune while his foot keeps time with the insistent rhythm. 

He opens a textbook and flips though its pages; his lips mouth the tune; meanwhile, his foot keeps time with the insistent rhythm.

9. A vague hunger/worry has begun to gnaw at him.

8. He reads aimlessly for a few minutes, but he is not thinking about the ideas. COMPOUND

He reads aimlessly for a few minutes, not thinking about the ideas.

He reads aimlessly for a few minutes without thinking about the ideas.

EF6 Clauses, punctuation,etc

Lesson 1

1. The Mississippi River the largest river in North America. FRAGMENT

The Mississippi River is the largest river in North America.

The Mississippi River, the largest river in North America, runs north to south.

The Mississippi River, which is the largest river in North America, flows through the South. NON-RESTRICTIVE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

2. Reached a verdict after three hours. FRAGMENT

The judge/ The jury reached a verdict after three hours.

3. The reward for a hard day’s work.

Adam got the reward for a hard day’s work that he did.

The reward for a hard day’s work is a good rest.

The reward is for a hard day’s work.

4. Although several inches of snow fell during the night. ADVERB CLAUSE

Several inches of snow fell during the night.

Although several inches of snow fell during the night, we still went to school.

She still drove her car although several inches of snow fell during the night.

5. Your grandmother found the ten-mile race exhausting.

6. Many American carpet manufacturers are located in Georgia. OK

7. The term ‘canoe’ referring to several types of thin, long boats.

The term ‘canoe’ is referring/ refers to several types of thin, long boats.

kayak

8. Canada is the largest country in the Western Hemisphere.

Canada, which is the largest country in the Western Hemisphere, has ten provinces.

The largest country in the Western Hemisphere is Canada.

9. Early people were creating/ created art on the walls of caves.

 France, caves 20000 years ago- 

E10/EF7 Using Quotations

using quotations

Here are some key points to remember when using quotations:

1)   Incorporate quotations into your sentences.

Fit inside your sentence, part of- grammatical

Old Major was an old, “majestic-looking”(1) animal.

Old Major was an old animal- “majestic-looking”(1)

2)   Keep quotations to a few words.  Quotations are like salt in  food: a little bit gives flavour; too much ruins the dish.

Old Major was a “majestic-looking pig with a wise and

benevolent appearance”(1) TOO LONG

3)   Use quoted material to support your points.

4)   Don’t use too many quotations.  Pick two or three quotations to support your brainstormed points and leave the rest.

Old Major was “twelve years old”(1) and “rather stout”, so he was “majestic-looking” and also “wise and benevolent”.

5)   Make sure the quoted material is exactly as written in the story.  Use … and [] to make minor grammatical or stylistic changes.

… ellipsis, Omitted words

…… etc et cetera

I like cats, dogs, fish, etc.

I like cats, dogs, fish…… NOT ENGLISH, TRANSLATION

“majestic-looking pig, with a wise and benevolent appearance”

“majestic-looking … appearance” words have been omitted

STILL HAS TO BE GRAMMATICAL

Old Major had a “majestic-looking … appearance”(1). GRAMMATICAL

Old Major was “twelve years old [and] …rather stout” (1).NOT GRAMMATICAL

[] square brackets- added words or letters to make the sentence grammatical

“stout motherly”(2)

Clover was a “stout motherly”(2) horse.

Clover was “stout [and] motherly”(2).

… [] USE SPARINGLY

Clover was a “stout…mare [in] … middle age”(2). POOR CHOICE, AWKWARD

          Clover was a “stout, motherly” (2) horse who was not young.

          CLEANER STYLE

6)   Avoid repeating quotations.

ONE TIME ONLY, LIKE DENTAL FLOSS

7)   After quoting material, go on to explain why the quotation is relevant.

8)   Avoid ending paragraphs with quotations.

END WITH YOUR OWN WORDS