EF67 Class 6- finish overview of sentences, simple sentences, paragraph work

 

Good morning, everyone.

We will get started at 9:15.

 

Today’s agenda

·      Finish overview of sentences- complex sentences

·      Do simple sentences

·      Paragraph work WtC (Writing to Communicate)

·      Continue with Goalsetting module

 

Tuesday

·      Begin compound sentences

·      Continue paragraph work WtC

·      Test2 Goalsetting paragraph tomorrow

work

·      Listening exercise

 

Wednesday

·      Continue compound sentences

Quiz tomorrow

·      Test2 Paragraph (last 45m)

 

Thursday

·      Quiz1 compound sentences

 

 

 

**FINISH PREVIEW OF SENTENCE TYPES

 

 

3. COMPLEX SENTENCES

a. adverb clauses – because if when unless until after before, etc

We will do about 30. You don’t to have to know them all.

 

“Sarah doesn’t want to talk to Maria because they had an argument.”

main clause adverb clause  no comma

 

“If it rains, we won’t go to the beach.”

adverb clause,  main clause comma

 

She is happy, because she won the lottery. XXX no comma, small error

She is happy because she won the lottery.

 

** IMPORTANT POINT: You always need a SV. If you don’t have a SV for each clause, you will likely run into trouble. Special case: imperative

Sit down. You sit down. implied subject

 

Example: My sister lives in Vancouver, works in a store. XXX

FIX

My sister lives in Vancouver and works in a store.

My sister lives in Vancouver, and she works in a store.

My sister lives in Vancouver; she works in a store.

My sister lives in Vancouver; also, she works in a store.

 

 

b. noun clauses – brain, tongue

brain- think  believe  know   guess   understand   imagine  remember

tongue- say   whisper   state   yell   remind   claim

that why how

“Mohammed thinks that he should call his brother.” 

“The little girl believes that there is a monster in her closet.”

“Maria said that we need more printer paper.”

“Junko didn’t tell us why she quit her job.”

“I don’t know how I can fix my car.”

 “I don’t know how to fix my car.” More common- different pattern

 

c. adjective clauses – who that which

“Fatima’s neighbour, who is 86 years old, still lives on her own.”

“Marta has some nice boots that she got from a fancy store in Tokyo.”

-         commas around adjective clauses – complicated  

 

- other words less important: ‘whom’ ‘whose’ ‘where’

 

 

Overview – Over the next few weeks, I will teach these sentences styles to you in great detail. If you learn these styles, you will be able to do anything in English that you want: school, job, life, writing.

 

SIMPLE

COMPOUND

COMPLEX

 

If you are willing to come with me on this journey through English sentences, you will learn a lot.

 

 

 

Simple Sentences

 

Four types of sentences-

simple   compound   complex   compound-complex

We will cover these in detail over the next few weeks

 

SIMPLE

simple sentence- most basic form of a sentence in English

simple but powerful- carry weight

very useful, valuable tool for you to use

 

FREE STYLE ADVICE: If you have something really important to say, say it with a simple sentence.

 

simple sentences- direct, clear, focussed, usually short

e.g. thesis statement for an essay, topic sentence for a paragraph, important or weighty information- Use a simple sentence

 

Notice that there are some important requirements for a simple sentence:

1. Must have a subject and a verb. SV   S- subject   V-verb

2. Must express a complete thought/complete idea.

3. Must have only one clause, independent clause, main clause

4. ** Begins with a capital letter and ends with a period or question mark.** For all sentences.

 

NOTE: Exclamation points are unusual in school writing. !!

Avoid using exclamation points unless you expressing strong emotion.

A period is almost always a better choice.

 

REVIEW: A simple sentence is one main/independent clause that has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

 

clause – a group of words with a subject and a verb, SV

 

Most teachers say: one simple sentence – a complete idea

 

Subject and a Verb

Subject and a Predicate

 

SIMPLE SENTENCE

The dog was walking.

 

The old dog was walking slowly around the park with a stick in his mouth. added information old slowly prep phrases

 

main subject – just one word, noun ‘dog’

complete subject- main subject plus and modifers, adjectives, articles

‘the old dog’

 

verb – action word ‘was walking’

verb= simple predicate

complete predicate – verb plus everthing else

‘was walking slowly around the park with a stick in his mouth.’

 

The old dog was walking slowly around the park with a stick in his mouth. SV

 

SIMPLE SENTENCE- SV, Subject + Predicate

 

Different forms of simple sentences:

-SV subject + verb

It is misty tonight.

It is rainy today.  ‘rainy’(adj)

It is raining today. ‘is raining’(verb)

The car is running rough.

 

-SSV

Joe and Alison are friends.

Canada and China have close trading relations.

Handwashing and masking are excellent ways to prevent the spread of Covid19.  handwashing masking - gerunds ‘ing’ nouns

Washing your hands and wearing masks are excellent ways to prevent the spread of Covid19. washing   wearing – gerunds 'ing’ nouns, looks like a verb

  

-SVV

The kids are playing and are yelling. auxiliary ‘are’ controls both verbs

Canada harvests and exports billions of tons of softwood annually.

 

-SSVV

You and I hike and bike in the summer.

Canada and the US agree on defense but disagree on trade.

 

 

like + infinitive “to eat” “to work”

like + gerund  “eating” “working”

Thaya loves to sing Sri Lankan folk songs.

Thaya loves singing Sri Lankan folk songs.

I like to eat ice cream.

I like eating ice cream.

like love hate begin continue prefer

Mei hates arguing with her stepmother.

Mei hates to argue with her stepmother.

Mei began doing yoga last October.

Mei began to do yoga last October.

Clara prefers reading books more than watching movies.

Clara prefers to read books more than to watch movies.

 

 

So far- SV   SSV   SVV   SSVV

You can write a lot with just those forms of simple sentences.

 

Two more types of simple sentences:

-Imperative - command, tell someone to do something

Close the window, please.

(You) Close the window. We don’t say ‘you’, implied subject

imply(v)- mean/suggest something but not say it

implication(n)

 

Come in.

Sit down.

Have something to eat.

Be careful!

(You) Wash your hands! implied subject

Clean your room.

Walk the dog.

Put your shoes away.

 

MORE POLITE – use the magic word ‘please’

Come in.

Please come in.

Come in, please.

difference in comm usage – not a hard rule, convention, authentic usage, not going to be in a grammar book, just how people write

Good guideline to follow.

Sit down.

Please sit down.

Sit down, please.

 

 

 

-Interrogative – question, ask something

-easy to mess up the verb form in questions

What time is it?

Is that your phone?

Do you know that person?

When is the test?

Are you tired today?

What’s your name?

Should we try it again?

Can I help you? FANCIER May I be of assistance?

 

 

REVIEW

SV

SSV

SVV

SSVV

Imperative

Interrogative

 

Examples of Simple Sentences:

1.    Joe went to the store. SV

2.    Last year, BC experienced severe flooding in many areas around the province. SV

3.    Sarah and Jessie are going swimming. SSV

4.    Trudeau and Biden met this week for high level discussions. SSV

5.    The frog jumped and landed in the pond. SVV

6.    The nurse took the patient’s blood pressure and checked his heart rate. SVV

7.    Keep your eyes open for bargains. NO SUBJECT- implied subject “You”

Imperative- command, tell someone to do something

 

(You) Be careful!  don’t say ‘you’, everybody understand that it is there,

implied subject – imply(v) – suggest something but not say it out loud

 

5. The pizza smells delicious. SV

6. There is a fly in the car with us. SV

**Here/There

‘Here’ and ‘there’ are not subjects. They always point to something else.

Here is your pen. I found it.

Here is/are your earrings. I found them.

 

TRICKY SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT

There is/are people on the street. subject verb agreement

There is/are person on the street

There is/are a bear in the park.

There are some bear cubs in the park.

Here is your cell phone.

Here are your keys.

Here is/are your glasses.  ‘glasses’ plural

Here is/are your sweater.

Here is/are your jeans/pants.

Here is your t-shirt.

*If you get this wrong, it’s a small mistake.

 

There is/are one pair of pants/jeans on the chair.

glasses- plural

pair of glasses – singular

Sarah got a new pair of glasses. She got 1 thing.

 

*There is a pair of glasses on the table. Whose pair of glasses is that?

*There are glasses on the table. Whose glasses are those?

 

that- one thing

those- two or more things

 

jeans- plural

pair of jeans - singular

 

I need to buy two pairs of pants.

I need to buy a pair of pants.

 

The scissors are really sharp.

The pair of scissors is really sharp.

Mei bought a pair of scissors.

SOMETIMES Mei bought a scissors. YOU MAY HEAR PEOPLE SAY THAT

Give me a scissors, please. UNUSUAL

MORE LIKELY Give/Hand me the scissors, please.

Give me a pair of scissors, please.

 

Jun found some staples and a pair of chopsticks in her desk.

Her laptop is really light.

 

Mei’s hair is/are light brown. His hair is wet. His hairs are wet.

The hair on my arms stood up.

The man’s hair is falling out. The man’s hairs are falling out.

 

 

 

***Most common error***

***#1 mistake that everyone makes***

Subject verb agreement

 

Here are your cell phone. XXX

Here is your keys. XXX

 

TRICKY subject verb agreement – verbs change to match the subject

e.g. Mary live lives in Vancouver. agr

 

NOTE: At a college level, mistakes in subject-verb agreement are a big deal. It is worth putting practice time into subject verb agreement.

When I was a teaching assistant at UBC, my professor told me to fail papers that has subject verb agreement errors. I disagreed with him, but he was the boss.

 

 

7.    Look on top of the refrigerator for the key. “you” implied subject- imperative

8.    Please close the door. sounds more polite IMPERATIVE

9.    Close the door, please. IMPERATIVE

10.           Take the dog for a walk, please. IMPERATIVE

11.           Please take the dog for a walk. IMPERATIVE

 

12.           Will you help me with the math homework? Interrogative-

ask a question – flip the verb around

You are happy today.

Are you happy today? Interrogative

 

13.           I will pick you up today. verb will pick – simple future SV

14.           Will you pick me up today? will ... pick – still one verb, not two verbs SV INTERROGATIVE

 

will – helping verb, modal, modal auxiliary

will go

We will go hiking tomorrow.

Will you go with us?

 

can see

You can see the fireworks from my house.

Can you see the fireworks from my house?

 

15. The music is too loud. SV

 

Adapted from : https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/simple_sentence_examples/445/

 

Forms of simple sentences:

-SV subject verb

My dog is asleep.

The ice cream looks delicious.

Vancouver is a nice city.

 

-SSV subject subject verb

The rivers and trees are beautiful.

Your sister and mother fight all the time.

Peanut butter and bananas go well together.

 

-SVV subject verb verb

Sara swims and plays volleyball at the community centre.

Friends come and go.

 

-Imperative – command sentence, tell somebody to do something

(You) Come in. implied subject  We don’t say ‘you’, but that’s what we mean.

Be careful, please.   Please be careful.

Watch your step, please.   Please be careful.

Watch out.

Stay safe.
Shut up!

Get out!

Sit down.

Have a cookie.

Sleep well.

Eat healthy.

Stay cool.

Sit! Stay!

Stay tuned.

Get ready.

 

-Interrogative- question

What time is it?

Who are you talking to?

What are you doing tomorrow?

Is that your dog?

Would you like to have some tea?

Where is the book?

What’s for dinner today?

 

Extra resources to explore:

- https://englishgrammarhere.com/example-sentences/50-examples-of-simple-sentences/

- https://examples.yourdictionary.com/simple-sentence-examples.html

 

HOMEWORK:

Write a few (3-5) simple sentences from your own imagination. Use some different styles: SV SVV SSV SSVV Imperative Interrogative.

Email them to me by tonight at 5.

We will share them tomorrow.

ahaley@vsb.bc.ca

haleyshec.blogspot.com

 

 

 

 

 

CHOICES

How are you feeling today? sick or well

How do you feel today? sick or well

What is your feeling about this? - opinion

How do you feel about that? – opinion

 

How do you do?

How are you doing?

What are you doing?

 

 

WtC (Writing to Communicate)

Introduction: Writing in English

xv- Roman numerals

i-1

ii-2

iii-3

iv-4

v-5

vi-6

vii-7

viii-8

ix-9

x-10

xi=11

xii-12

xiii-13

xiv-14

xv-15

xvi-16

xvii-17

xviii-18

xx-20

xxi-21

 

 

Organization paragraph- expressing knowledge- cultural differences

Western school culture- starightforward

Topic Sentence

Supporting sentences

Concluding sentence

 

 

Stereotype of Spanish writers, some truth to it

 

Writing Focus- Basic Organization p3

 

The Topic Sentence p4-5

 

SAME TOPIC New York

DIFFERENT CONTROLLING IDEAS

1.fun New Year’s Eve-

-Times Square

-Countdown - ball drops, fireworks, yelling Happy New Year!, kiss somebody, confetti

-entertainment- music, dancing, food

 

2. great entertainment

-street performers

-art galleries, museums

-theatre, Broadway, off-Broadway

-sports- baseball, hockey, basketball, soccer

-shopping- high street (expensive), bargain

-music- jazz, rock, classical

-sightseeing, tourism

-people watching

 

3.loudest city

-The city that never sleeps.

-car horns

-people yelling

-subway

-street music

-helicopters

 

 

Practice 1

Practice 2

 

 

 

** Goalsetting module **

 

Step 1

Small group chatting about various goals. Relaxed talking.

Focus is talking and listening- normal discursive conversation.

Make notes for yourself on your own goals.

 

Step 2

Choose one of your goals. Write your goal in one clear sentence. Be specific.

Have you chosenone of your goals? educational, personal or career

 

Step 3

Brainstorm and organize the steps that you will have to take to achieve this goal.

Use key words (good vocabulary, specific vocab), not sentences

 

GREAT TOOL: thesaurus- like a dictionary, but gives you words that have similar meaning, synonyms, antonyms

FREE ONLINE: thesaurus.com