Good morning, everyone.
We will get started at 8:30
Reminder:
Al Haley ahaley@vsb.bc.ca
Class blog: haleyshec.blogspot.com
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Preview of sentence types: simple, compound,
complex, compound-complex
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Begin sentence types- simple
Practice simple
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“Black History Month”
Read aloud, vocab
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HW
Friday
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Continue simple sentences
Quiz#1 Monday
Explain format of quizzes
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Finish “Black History Month”
Choose vocab
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HW Read
“Viola Desmond”
Monday
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Quiz#1- simple sentences
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“Viola Desmond”
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Begin compound sentences
You are probably already experienced with English. These are the fundamental
sentences styles that we use everyday. Even if you already know about them, I still
have some new things to teach you.
Full review of the three sentence types: very important, very
useful, very practical, every use
We study sentences so that we can use them in your life- school,
work, social, business.
Quick overview of sentence types
1.SIMPLE
2.COMPOUND
3.COMPLEX
99.999% of the time, these three sentence types will allow to
write anything you want.
**
Side Note: I have a small business where I do editing for
university students, mostly nurses. What I do is read their essays and papers
and then edit their writing. I use almost exclusively simple, compound, and
complex sentences.
**
1.
SIMPLE SENTENCE – one main clause, one independent
clause
Clause – group of words with a subject and a verb
one main clause, one independent clause = SV, a
complete idea, one idea, a sentence by itself
independent- self-contained
subject and a verb
Subject+Verb, S+V
SV “It is raining.” It is
raining.
SV “It is rainy.” It is
rainy. rainy- adjective
SV “Today is cold.” Today is
cold.
SV “The dog likes apples.”
IMPORTANT: Don’t forget
a capital letter at the beginning. Don’t forget a period at the end.
Different styles of simple sentence:
-SV
-SSV subject subject verb “You and I are talking on the phone.”
-SVV “The dog is sleeping
and snoring.”
-SVVV (probably the maximum)
-SSSV (probably the maximum)
Basic structures: SV
SSV SVV
Another style of simple sentence:
-imperative, command sentence – tell somebody to do something
“Come in.” “Watch out.” “Sit down.” “Open the window, please.”
“Come in, please.” “Please come in.”
no subject “You come in.” implied subject
“(You) Come in, please.” Everybody understands that ‘you’
is the subject.
Another style of simple sentence:
-interrogative sentence – question
“What are you doing?”
“What time is it?”
“Where did you park the car?” SV?
REVIEW: SV SSV SVV SSVV
Imperative Interrogative
Example of Monday’s quiz:
1.
SV “local”
We go to the local restaurant.
I meet with my friends at the local coffee shop every Friday morning.
2.
SSV “gathering”
My family and your family
will have a social gathering next week in Central Park.
3.
SVV
4.
Imperative
5.
Interrogative (question)
6.
SSVV
We will do deeper work and practice on simple sentences tomorrow.
Quiz#1 Monday
SV SV – two simple sentences in a row, connected together
with coordinating conjunctions
coordinating conjunctions- FANBOYS
mnemonic (memory aid) for and nor but or
yet so
pronuncation (new mon ic) Greek word?
English is a primarly a mix of Latinate languages, Greek, and Germanic
languages
Latinate – Spanish, French, Italian
Latin – ancient language from Italy
any word one syllable – Anglo Saxon word
plumber – Gr
pneumonia – Gr
mnemonic
lagubrious -latin – sad
MY OPINION: FANBOYS – not that helpful, several are not used often
in compound
*for – used very rarely in compound sentences
Sarah is wearing a hat today, for it is cold. not common usage
Sarah is wearing a hat today because it is cold. complex – more
authentic
Forget about ‘for’. People don’t talk that way.
‘for’ is used in other ways
Here is a gift for you. simple, not compound
*and – very often used
Michelle bought a new coat, and
it is very nice. compound
SIDE NOTE ‘because’ comma or not comma - Monday
*nor – not commonly used in compound sentences, nobody says
‘nor’
Dave does not speak Farsi, nor does he speak Arabic. very unusual,
formal
Dave does not speak Farsi or Arabic. simple sentence
*but – used all the time
It is sunny today, but it
is supposed to rain tomorrow.
*or – very commonly used
You can go to the party, or you can stay home.
*yet – not commonly used in compound sentences
It is cold, yet we are going for a walk. but
It is cold, but we are going for a walk. but
*so – used all the time in compound sentences
Maria is tired, so she will take a nap.
FANBOYS – SOBA so or but and
mnemonic- SOBA
most useful, high-frequency usage: SOBA so or but and
‘for’ ‘nor’ ‘yet’ not used very often in compound sentences,
low-frequency usage, ignore them for the most part
“It is raining, so we can’t play soccer.”
“You can come to school, or you can go to work.”
“I like chocolate, but I don’t eat it everyday.”
“Joan likes hiking, and she likes skiing.”
; semicolon
; substiute for , so
, or , but ,and
“It is raining, so we can’t play soccer.” , so
“It is raining; we can’t play soccer.” ;
“You can come to school, or you can go to work.” , or
“You can come to school; you can go to work.” ;
“I like chocolate, but I don’t eat it everyday.” , but
“I like chocolate; I don’t eat it everyday.” ;
“Joan likes hiking, and she likes skiing.” , and
“Joan likes hiking; she likes skiing.” ;
Looks great! Your choice- casual, fancier
This way, with transitional terms, sounds better.
therefore
however also nevertheless moreover furthermore
- Hundred of them- I will give you about 50.
“It is raining, so we can’t play soccer.”
“It is raining; we can’t play soccer.”
“It is raining; therefore, we can’t play soccer.”
“You can come to school; alternatively, you can go to
work.”
“I like chocolate, but I don’t eat it everyday.”
“I like chocolate; I don’t eat it everyday.”
“I like chocolate; however, I don’t eat it everyday.”
“Joan likes hiking, and she likes skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking; she likes skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking; also, she likes skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking, also, she likes skiing.”
XXX comma doesn’t go there- not strong enough
Make up your sentence according to the situation.
This is all about choice. I want you to have choices.
3. COMPLEX SENTENCES
a. adverb clauses – because if when unless until after
before, etc
We will do about 30. You don’t to have to know them
all.
“Sarah doesn’t want to talk to Maria because they had an argument.”
main clause adverb clause no comma
“If it rains, we won’t go to the beach.”
adverb clause, main clause comma
She is happy, because she won the lottery. XXX no
comma, small error
She is happy because she won
the lottery.
** IMPORTANT POINT: You always need a SV. If you don’t
have a SV for each clause, you will likely run into trouble. Special case:
imperative
Sit down. You sit down. implied subject
Example: My sister lives in Vancouver, works in a
store. XXX
FIX
My sister lives
in Vancouver and works in a store.
My sister lives
in Vancouver, and she works in a store.
My sister lives
in Vancouver; she works in a store.
My sister lives
in Vancouver; also, she works in a store.
b. noun clauses – brain, tongue
brain- think believe know
guess understand imagine
remember
tongue- say whisper state
yell remind claim
that why how
“Mohammed thinks that he should call his brother.”
“The little girl believes that there is a
monster in her closet.”
“Maria said that we need more printer paper.”
“Junko didn’t tell us why she quit her job.”
“I don’t
know how I can fix my
car.”
“I don’t know how to fix my car.” More
common- different pattern
c. adjective clauses – who that which
“Fatima’s neighbour, who is 86 years old, still lives
on her own.”
“Marta has some nice boots that she got from a fancy
store in Tokyo.”
- commas
around adjective clauses – complicated
- other words less important: ‘whom’ ‘whose’ ‘where’
Overview – Over the next few weeks, I will teach these
sentences styles to you in great detail. If you learn these styles, you will be
able to do anything in English that you want: school, job, life, writing.
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
If you are willing to come with me on this journey
through English sentences, you will learn a lot.
“Black History Month”
Vocab.
1.observance(n), observant(adj), observe(v)
He observes religious days.
She is an observant Christian. She is not observant.
saint – a holy person in Christianity, someone who performed
a miracle
everyday meaning- observe – watch
2.
scholar – a learned (a) person lear-ned
scholarship - $$ for school
grant, fund, prize- $$
Shirin got a sports scholarship to UBC for swimming. She got
the full ride.
3.
notable – famous, well-known, important, respected
Mr. Chen is a notable businessman in Vancouver.
4.
colony(n), colonial(adj) colonize(v)– one country
controlled by another country
5.
domestic(a)- about a
domestic chores – laundry, dishes, sweep,
mop
labour- physical work
domestic- within a country - YVR Domestic
Terminal
international- between two countries – YVR International
Terminal
-domestic violence- people in a home with physical or
emotional violence
-domestic animal, domesticated animal (farm or pet) VS wild
animal
CONTINUE TOMORROW
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