Today’s agenda:
1. Adjective clauses
2. More literary terms
3. Discuss “Roses Sing on New Snow”
Tomorrow – Quiz#5 on adjective clauses
Review of paragraph
This week- Test#5- paragraph about “Roses Sing on New Snow”
Four weeks left- last day is January 29th
Finals four weeks – approximately one quiz & one test per week
Registration for February term begins today at noon. You will be receiving an email this morning about how to register for February term.
Review of sentences:
SIMPLE
- one independent clause
SV.
SSV.
SVV.
Imperative!
Interrogative?
COMPOUND
- two independent clauses
SV SV – joined together
SV , SOBA SV.
SV ; SV.
SV ; TRANS, SV.
COMPLEX
-one independent clause & dependent clause
Three types of dependent clauses:
* adverb clause – because, even though, since, if
commas with adverb clauses
* noun clause – feel, say, believe, think, know -that, why, how
* adjective clause – that, who, which
Continue with adjective clauses:
95% of the time:
that- things, animals
who- people
which- special things, unique things
5% of the time:
whom
in which
where
Most common useful practical usage:
that, who, which
This is the watch that my sister gave me. ‘watch’ is a thing
Is that your friend who plays badminton? ‘friend’ is a person
May is from Beijing, which is the capital of China. ‘Beijing’ is unique.
* PRO TIP: When something is unique, use a comma before the adjective clause. - small detail, not a big deal
any major city – ‘which’
I visited Tehran, which is close to the Alborz Mountains.
NOTE: ‘Whom’ is not commonly used. It sounds too formal for most situations. Just use ‘who’.
e.g. She is the person whom I was telling you about. TOO FORMAL? Nobody talks like that.
She is the person who I was telling you about. -much more natural sounding.
‘in which’ sounds a bit formal.
I read a book in which two kids were lost in the woods.
I read a book that was about two kids being lost in the woods.
Try some examples of your own sentences that use adjective clauses in chat:
8:30 class
1. He is the one who took the candy from the candy jar.
2. I have a sewing machine which my mom gave it to me before she passed away. ‘which’ and ‘it’- same job, cut ‘it’
3. This is the laptop that my sister bought for me.
4. This is These are the sunglasses which I got from my sister on my birthday.
glasses – plural “My glasses are dirty.”
5. Luna is the person who likes snowboard.
Luna is the person who likes to snowboard.
Luna is the person who likes snowboarding.
6. The book that I borrowed from the library last week is non-fiction.
7. I know someone who survived from cancer.
8. The home that/which I built for my sister is too small.
9. My sister who wants to get vaccine of Covid-19 immediately.
fragment- not a complete sentence
My sister wants to get the Covid-19 vaccine immediately. Simple
My sister who wants to get the Covid-19 vaccine immediately is worried about her health. Complex- adj cl
10. I have a new necklace which my mom gave me as a birthday gift.
11. I know the book which Mr. Lee wrote. – You are indicating that the book is special to you.
12. Three are too many kind of chocolates which my mom give me in the morning. XXX
?
13. My mother is the person who taught me many meaningful lessons.
14. I bought a boots which was very cheap in boxing day. XXX
I bought a pair of boots which was very cheap on Boxing Day.
15. Vancouver is a beautiful city that/which has mountains and ocean.
16. The camera I have which my sister give me on my birthday. XXX
I have the camera which my sister gave me on my birthday.
17. I love my house which we bought 20 years ago. – indicates the house is special to you
11:00 class
1. That watch which my sister gave me is very important to me.
Using ‘which’ shows that the watch is meaningful to you.
2. Did you throw away the banana peel which that I handed to you?
3. I got a pairs of shoes for Christmas which my mother gave me.
4. I read a book that was about how to think outside the box.
I saw a movie that was about two dogs who fell in love.
5. The town in which I was born is really beautiful. – a bit formal
The town where I was born is really beautiful. – a bit more casual
6. I love these gorgeous earrings which my husband presented to me from his first salary. – ‘presented’ very formal sounding
I love these gorgeous earrings which my husband bought for/ gave to me with his first paycheck.
7. The laptop I got on boxing day which is really affordable. XXX
The laptop that I got on boxing day is really affordable.
PRO TIP #2: When ‘that’ is an object, you can omit it.
The laptop that I got on Boxing Day is really affordable.
The laptop I got on Boxing Day is really affordable.
I’m not going to teach that in this class.
I got a laptop on Boxing Day which is really affordable.
8. I have found the ring which my mom gave me.
‘which’ means special
9. I met the person whom my boss hired yesterday. FORMAL
‘whom’ can be replaced with ‘who’, sounds much more authentic
I met the person who my boss hired yesterday.
If you want to say ‘whom’, go for it. However, it is not commonly used.
It sounds unnecessarily formal.
Tomorrow – Quiz#5 – adjective clauses, six examples
Model for the quiz:
Write a sentence that contains an adjective clause for each:
1. who sister
My sister is the person who has helped me most in my life.
OR
Mary was talking to her sister who lives in Calgary.
2. that dog
3. which phone
4. who uncle
5. that car
6. which necklace
The vocabulary words will come from “Roses Sing on New Snow”.
5 minutes left – practice adjective clauses
- discuss vocab from “Roses Sing on New Snow” for the quiz tomorrow
“It was a spot well known throughout the New World for its fine food.”
spot -place, ‘a hot spot’ popular place
well-known
“New World” means North America, not the Old World- China, 5000 years old, ancient
Canada is only 153 years old.
First Nations people have been here for 12000-20000 years. They did not leave written records. Their means of preserving culture is oral. Culture, medicine, knowledge, tradition is passed down through stories, song, and legend. It is an oral tradition.
Caveman? older humanoids – looked like human beings, but were different
We are Homo Sapiens.
We coexisted with another kind of humanoids called Neanderthals.
Many of us have Neanderthal DNA.
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