EF56 Sentence review

Types of sentences
3 types of sentences:

SIMPLE
one clause - subject + verb
SV
Maria rode her bike today.
Sarah likes ice cream.

SSV
You and I can drive downtown together.
Me and my sister... XXX
My sister and I ... put "I' last
SSSV
My sister, my two brothers and I are all meeting in Toronto next month.

SVV
The little girl sings and dances.

SSVV
Sarah and Joe have lunch and walk in the park.

Subject(s) plus verb(s)

subject verb object

I drink coffee. SVO
I am singing. SV
I am singing a song. SVO

here/there - not subjects - point to something else
Here is my sister.
There goes the bus.



COMPOUND
SV SV
two simple sentences connected together

Joe likes coffee. Maria likes tea.

Joe likes coffee  __  Maria likes tea.
Joe likes coffee, and Maria likes tea.

Joe likes coffee, but Maria likes tea.

SV , but SV.
SV , and SV.

7 coordinating conjunctions
for and nor but or yet so 
FANBOYS

-not good information
Several of these we don't commonly use for compound sentences.

for and nor but or yet so
She is wearing sunglasses, for it is very sunny. STRANGE
She is wearing sunglasses because it is very sunny. AUTHENTIC- complex sentence
He doesn't speak German, nor does he speak French. UNUSUAL
He doesn't speak German or French. AUTHENTIC
It is sunny, yet it is cold. ODD-SOUNDING
It is sunny, but it is cold. MORE USUAL

SOBA so or but and 
HIGH FREQUENCY CONJUNCTIONS- focus on those

Different usage of yet and for
I haven't finished my work yet. GOOD
This money is for you. GOOD
neither ... nor
either ... or

SV , SOBA SV.
Vancouver is a nice city, but housing is expensive.

ANOTHER STYLE OF COMPOUND SENTENCE
; semicolon

: colon
semi - half

semicolon - half colon
;

Vancouver is a nice city, but housing is expensive.

Vancouver is a nice city; housing is expensive.

, but SUBSTITUTE, REPLACE ;

Joe likes coffee, but Maria likes tea.
Joe likes coffee; Maria likes tea.

The really great thing about using semicolons is you get to use transitional words and phrases.
; however,
; therefore,
; moreover,
; in fact,
; on the whole,
; on the other hand,

Vancouver is a nice city; however, housing is expensive.
Vancouver is a nice city; unfortunately, housing is expensive.

Joe likes coffee; Maria likes tea.
Joe likes coffee; however, Maria likes tea.
Joe likes coffee; on the other hand, Maria likes tea.

on the other hand - compare two things or aspects of the same thing
I don't like to travel; on the other hand, my wife loves to travel.
Vancouver is an expensive city; on the other hand, Vancouver is very beautiful.


REVIEW SO FAR
SIMPLE
Joe likes coffee
Maria likes tea.

COMPOUND
Joe likes coffee, but Maria likes tea.
Joe likes coffee; Maria likes tea.
Joe likes coffee; however, Maria likes tea.

Joe likes coffee; but, Maria likes tea. XXX

, SOBA REPLACE WITH ; or ;TRANS,

Ex. Joe doesn't like coffee, but Maria likes. XXX
Joe doesn't like coffee, but Maria likes coffee.
Joe doesn't like coffee, but Maria does.

PRACTICE - self practice
Try to write some sentences in these styles. Use your imagination.
I like dogs.
Sarah loves to swim.
She rarely gets to do it.
Sarah loves to go swimming in the community centre pool, but she rarely gets the time to do it.
Sarah loves to go swimming in the community centre pool; however, she rarely gets the time to do it.

Joan likes to run in the park. infinitive
Joan likes running in the park. gerund

love Sarah loves to eat. Sarah loves eating. 
hate
prefer
begin
continue

IF YOU RUN OUT OF ROOM ON THE LINE
I like Chinese food; however
, my sister likes Japanese food. XXX
I like Chinese food; 
however, my sister likes Japanese food.

My daughter is very quiet at school; H however, she talks a lot at home. No capital after a semicolon

My daughter is very quiet at school; however, she talks too much a lot at home. too much - 
a lot (negative)

It is hot today.
It is too hot today. negative
too cold
too cold, sweet. expensive, loud - negative





COMPLEX SENTENCES
-adverb clauses
because if when
after before
Let's go home because I am tired. adv cl
adverb - describes a verb 'go' Why?

I will stay home if it rains. no comma
If it rains, I will stay home. need a comma

Sarah woke up when the alarm went off.
When the alarm went off, Sarah woke up.


- adjective clauses
who -people
that - things and sometimes people
which - things, special things
Joan's neighbour who is a retiree loves to garden. Joan has several neighbors
Joan's neighbour, who is a retiree, loves to garden. Joan has only one neighbour.

The pen that is on the desk belongs to you.
'that' for animals
The dog that is wagging its tail looks very friendly.

which
The wedding ring which her husband gave her is made of gold.
Beijing which is the capital of China has a population of 20 000 000. 

20 million
20 billion - 20 000 000 000
21 trillion - $21 000 000 000 000 (US economy)

.0000000001 trillion

noun clausessay, feel, believe, know, think, understand, get, notice, see, realize, remember, forget, hope, wish

She said that she will be late today.
that
I feel that you are telling the truth.

We know why the computer doesn't work.
We don't know why she is crying.

I hope that you had a good summer.



Three styles of sentences in English:
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX

When you learn these styles, you can use in any situation. They are all you need.