EF5/6 adjective clauses

who that which
-who - people
-that - everything - people (not very personal sounding)
-which - things, special things, unique things


The woman who lives next door to me is very friendly.
I saw a man on TV that/who could juggle six balls. Confusing?
I saw a man that/who could juggle six ball on TV. The meaning is clearer.
Tokyo which is the capital of Japan is a big city. UNIQUE, VERY SPECIAL

Kyoto, which is a beautiful city, used to be the capital of Japan.

Kyoto - kyo to, to kyo 

Edo - Tokyo

Vancouver - Couvervan

,xxxx,  


Common error:
My sister lives in Halifax who is an office manager. XXX, adjective clause is in the wrong place, describing the wrong thing


Same meaning?
My sister who is an office manager lives in Halifax.
My sister, who is an office manager, lives in Halifax.
Different meanings.

,  adj cl,  - not essential information, extra information, not necessary for us to understand the sentence 

My sister, who is an office manager, lives in Halifax.
My sister lives in Halifax.

Tokyo, which is the capital of Japan, is a big city.
Tokyo is a big city.

Kyoto, which is a beautiful city, used to be the capital of Japan.

I go to South Hill Education Centre, which is on Fraser Street.
Let's meet at the Starbucks which is on Main and 12th. necessary information

He ate a sandwich. he - subject   sandwich - object

Subject pronouns
The cat that has white paws is cute.
that has white paws - that is a subject pronoun

Object pronouns
The cat that I played with is cute.
that I played with - that is an object pronoun

The car that is parked in front of the bank is old. subject pronoun

The car that I bought last year is old. object pronoun

The car that I bought last year is old. normally delete the object pronoun
The car I bought last year is old.

The cat that has white paws is cute. can't delete
The cat that I played with is cute. delete
The cat I played with is cute.

Your choice:

The cat that I played with is cute.
The cat I played with is cute. Authentic, real, natural-sounding English

The woman who lives next door to me is very friendly. Delete? No.
The woman who I was talking to is very friendly.
Delete? Yes, we can if we want to.

The woman whom I was talking to is very friendly. 'whom' - Forget about 'whom'
'whom' not used normally

One exception:
To whom it may concern:

- when you are writing to someone, but you don't know who it is

Advice: 'whom' is not used normally by English speakers, very formal- wedding invitation, talking to the queen

The woman whom I was speaking to was very helpful. Formal sounding
The woman to whom I was speaking was very helpful. Extremely formal sounding
The woman I was speaking to was very helpful. authentic, real English